In-vivo evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of C. myxa.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of in-vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of ethanolic leaf extract of cordia myxa
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Tekimudi Lovakumari, K. Ravi Shankar, S. Amala and V. Bhaargavi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Evaluation of in-vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of ethanolic leaf extract of cordia myxa
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20241-30758
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research presented in the article evaluates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of Cordia myxa leaves through various tests conducted on albino Wistar rats. With the growing concern over the side effects of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the investigation aims to explore the potential of herbal medicine offerings in alleviating pain and inflammation. The study involves administering different doses of the extract and comparing the results to standard medications like tramadol and diclofenac sodium.
Analgesic Activity
The analgesic activity of Cordia myxa was assessed through various methods, including the tail flick method and Eddy's hot plate method. In these experiments, doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract were administered. The study found that the extract significantly increased the latency of the nociceptive reactions, particularly at the 200 mg/kg dosage, demonstrating an analgesic effect comparable to tramadol. Measured reaction times indicated that the plant extract produced a substantial increase in pain threshold, suggesting its effectiveness as a pain management agent.
Anti-inflammatory Activity
The anti-inflammatory effect of Cordia myxa was determined through the carrageenan-induced paw edema method, a universally recognized in-vivo experimental technique to assess inflammation in animals. The rats treated with the plant extract exhibited a maximum percentage inhibition of paw edema at the 200 mg/kg dose after four hours, similar to the effects observed with standard diclofenac sodium. The research highlights how the extract can significantly mitigate inflammation, further supporting its potential use as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.
In-Vitro Testing of Anti-inflammatory Properties
Complementary in-vitro tests, such as the protein denaturation method and egg albumin denaturation method, were employed to quantify the anti-inflammatory properties of the leaf extract. The results demonstrated that Cordia myxa exhibited a notable percentage of protein denaturation inhibition, indicating its efficacy in preventing inflammatory response at a cellular level. The test results affirmed that the ethanolic extract's action is comparable to that of the standard drug diclofenac sodium, reinforcing its medicinal value.
Conclusion
The findings of this study validate the traditional use of Cordia myxa in folk medicine for pain and inflammation management. The significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic leaf extract, supported by robust experimental evidence, highlight its potential as a safer alternative to synthetic drugs with severe side effects. The presence of active phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides in the extract lends credibility to its therapeutic applications. Overall, this research paves the way for further studies focused on isolating and purifying the bioactive components to develop effective treatments for inflammation and pain control.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the research on Cordia myxa?
The study aimed to evaluate the in-vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Cordia myxa on albino Wister rats through various experimental methods.
What methods were used to assess analgesic activity?
The analgesic activity was assessed using the tail flick method and Eddy's hot plate method, where the latency of nociceptive reactions was measured in treated rats compared to standard tramadol.
How was anti-inflammatory activity evaluated in the study?
Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method, measuring the reduction in paw swelling in rats treated with Cordia myxa extract versus a control group.
What were the key findings regarding analgesic effectiveness?
The ethanolic extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly inhibited nociceptive responses in rats, showcasing analgesic effects comparable to the standard drug tramadol.
What phytochemical compounds were identified in Cordia myxa extract?
The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids, which are linked to the extract's analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
What conclusion was drawn from the study on Cordia myxa?
The study concluded that the ethanolic leaf extract of Cordia myxa exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting its traditional use in herbal medicine.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In-vivo evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of C. myxa.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Rat:
Rats are commonly used as experimental subjects in pharmacological studies due to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans. They are especially valuable in studies assessing analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, allowing researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of natural substances, such as the ethanolic leaf extract of Cordia myxa.
2) Pain:
Pain is a complex sensory experience that signals the presence of injury or disease, serving as a crucial protective mechanism. Understanding pain pathways is essential in analgesic research, as substances like Cordia myxa aim to alleviate pain. Identifying pain perception helps verify a compound's potential effectiveness in treatment.
3) Animal:
The terminology 'the animal' refers specifically to the experimental subjects utilized in research. In the context of this study, it highlights the use of albino Wister rats, essential for understanding pain and inflammation mechanisms in evaluating the efficacy of natural extracts like Cordia myxa.
4) Drug:
Drugs encompass a wide range of substances for therapeutic use. This study highlights the analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of natural extracts in relation to conventional drugs like tramadol and diclofenac, evaluating the potential of herbal medicine in offering non-toxic pain relief alternatives.
5) Activity:
Activity in pharmacological research refers to the functional effects that a substance has on biological systems. The study measures the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Cordia myxa extract, aiming to ascertain its effectiveness in managing pain and inflammation compared to established drugs.
6) Edema (Oedema):
Edema, often interchangeable with oedema, is the accumulation of fluid in body tissues leading to swelling. The study utilizes carrageenan-induced edema to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cordia myxa. Understanding edema's role in inflammation helps assess treatment effectiveness.
7) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a protective response involving immune activation, but chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and various diseases. This research investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of Cordia myxa, exploring its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways significantly involved in numerous health disorders.
8) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent and medium in biological processes and experimental protocols. In this study, it is used in dissolving extracts and as a comparison in the control group. Understanding how formulations interact with water is essential for effective drug delivery and absorption.
9) Disease:
A disease refers to specific pathological conditions characterized by identifiable symptoms. The focus of the study is on pain and inflammation, emphasizing their link to diseases. The research aims to uncover how Cordia myxa extract can alleviate pain associated with these conditions.
10) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the specific research project focused on evaluating the effects of Cordia myxa. It encompasses methodologies, results, and discussions related to the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the extract, contributing valuable insights to the field of pharmacological research and herbal medicine.
11) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds derived from plants. The study identifies various phytochemicals in Cordia myxa leaves that contribute to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Understanding these compounds is vital for developing natural therapies to combat pain and inflammation effectively.
12) Flavonoid:
As a specific type of flavonoid, this term refers to the various categorized compounds within this group, which exhibit significant health benefits. The study emphasizes how individual flavonoids within Cordia myxa may represent active constituents responsible for observed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
13) Aditya:
Aditya College of Pharmacy is the institution where the research study was conducted. It plays a pivotal role in fostering pharmacological research, enabling the evaluation of natural compounds like Cordia myxa in a systematic manner, thus advancing knowledge in the field of herbal medicine.
14) Table:
Tables are used to systematically present data and results in a structured format. In this study, tables summarize findings on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Cordia myxa, facilitating easy comparison between different concentrations and methods, enhancing clarity in data presentation.
15) Hind:
Hind refers to the back or rear, particularly in the context of animals. In this research, it describes the hind paw of rats, which is instrumental in assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of Cordia myxa extract through the carrageenan-induced oedema method, highlighting its relevance in pain studies.
16) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of isolating specific compounds from mixtures. In pharmacological research, purification of active phytochemicals from plants like Cordia myxa is crucial for understanding their mechanisms and enhancing their therapeutic efficacy, paving the way for new drug formulations.
17) Perception:
Perception is the process by which sensory information is interpreted and understood, critical in pain assessment. This study aims to analyze how Cordia myxa extract influences pain perception in rats, providing insights into its analgesic potential and implications for pain treatment in humans.
18) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of creating or improving something. In the context of this study, it highlights efforts in developing effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents from natural sources such as Cordia myxa, focusing on innovative solutions for managing pain and inflammation.
19) Medicine:
Medicines encompass a broad range of therapeutic substances aimed at alleviating or curing illnesses. This study seeks to explore the potential of Cordia myxa as an alternative medicine, focusing on its ability to provide relief from pain and inflammation, thereby contributing to the field of pharmacognosy.
20) Cancer:
Cancer represents a group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth. This study relates to cancer as chronic inflammation is often linked to its development. Exploring natural substances like Cordia myxa may provide insights into management strategies that could mitigate inflammatory pathways in cancer.
21) Human body:
The human body serves as the ultimate context for evaluating the effects of drugs and natural extracts. Understanding how substances like Cordia myxa interact with human physiology is essential for bridging the gap between research findings and clinical applications in pain and inflammation management.
22) Discussion:
The discussion section interprets research findings and relates them to existing knowledge. In this study, it analyzes the implications of the results regarding Cordia myxa's analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential avenues for further research and practical applications in therapeutic contexts.
23) Depression:
Depression, a common mental health disorder, often intersects with chronic pain and inflammation. Although not directly studied, understanding pain management through natural products like Cordia myxa may contribute to alleviating symptoms associated with both pain and emotional wellness.
24) Substance:
Substance refers to a particular physical matter, especially in the context of pharmacology. This study investigates the substance of Cordia myxa extract, aiming to determine its therapeutic properties and evaluate its potential as a functional treatment option for pain and inflammation.
25) Observing:
Observing plays a critical role in experimental research, involving the monitoring of subjects to assess changes following treatment. In this study, observing the responses of rats to Cordia myxa extract provides valuable data regarding its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, fostering deeper insights into its efficacy.
26) Bleeding:
Bleeding refers to the loss of blood, which can be a side effect of some conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. This study emphasizes the need for safer alternatives, such as Cordia myxa, which may offer therapeutic benefits without the significant gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks associated with long-term drug use.
27) Nausea:
Nausea is an unpleasant sensation often associated with pain or medication side effects. Understanding the relationship between analgesics and nausea is essential in evaluating new treatments. This study on Cordia myxa aims to identify its effectiveness without inducing nausea, enhancing its appeal as a pain management option.
28) Ulcer:
An ulcer denotes a sore that develops due to tissue damage, often associated with chronic inflammation or drug effects. In the context of this study, exploring the anti-inflammatory properties of Cordia myxa contributes to understanding how such natural extracts may mitigate ulcer formation linked to conventional pain medications.
29) Kappa:
Kappa can relate to various concepts in research, such as kappa-opioid receptors involved in pain modulation. This study reflects on the potential mechanisms through which Cordia myxa may exert analgesic effects, highlighting its relevance in exploring natural compounds affecting the central nervous system.
30) Amala:
Amala refers to one of the co-authors of the study, contributing to the research at Aditya College of Pharmacy. Collaboration among researchers is essential in academic investigations, fostering diverse perspectives which enrich the study's findings, and enhances the overall understanding of Cordia myxa's medicinal properties.
31) Death:
Death signifies the end of life and can be the ultimate consequence of untreated diseases or complications. While not the primary focus of this study, understanding how Cordia myxa can mitigate pain and inflammation may contribute to improved health outcomes and potentially extend quality of life.
32) Ravi (Ravin):
Ravi is another co-author of the study, contributing to collaborative research efforts. The inclusion of diverse expertise is vital in pharmaceutical research, enhancing the robustness of findings related to Cordia myxa's effectiveness in treating pain and inflammation.
33) Food:
Food provides essential nutrients and can influence health conditions, including inflammation and pain sensitivity. While this study focuses on Cordia myxa extracts, understanding interactions between diet and herbal supplements is crucial for developing effective treatment plans that encompass holistic health strategies.
34) Cage:
Cage refers to the controlled environment in which the experimental animals are housed during the study. Proper housing is necessary to mitigate stress and ensure reliable results while observing the effects of Cordia myxa extract on pain and inflammation in the subject rats.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘In-vivo evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of C. myxa.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Chronic inflammation, Anti-inflammatory activity, Analgesic effect, Anti-inflammatory activities, Analgesic activity, Secondary metabolite, Chemical screening, Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug, Carrageenan-induced paw edema, Diclofenac sodium, Tail-flick method, Adverse drug reactions (ADR), In vivo method, Eddy's hot plate method, Ethanolic leaf extract, Tramadol, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID), Prostaglandin pathway, Phytochemical qualitative screening, Cytokine.