Role of containers in sandhana kalpana: duralabharista.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Role of different containers in sandhana kalpana with reference to duralabharista
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Nisarga R. M., Jagadeesha Mayya A. and Dinesh Kumar Mishra
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Role of different containers in sandhana kalpana with reference to duralabharista
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20242-31076
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Nisarga et al. focuses on the role of different containers in the fermentation process known as Sandhana Kalpana, specifically analyzing the preparation of Duralabharista. Sandhana Kalpana is a significant medicinal preparation in Ayurveda, emphasizing the importance of the vessels used for fermentation, termed Sandhana Patra. This research evaluates how the material of these containers—earthen pots, wooden barrels, plastic containers, steel vessels, and ceramic pots—affects the quality and characteristics of the final product.
The Importance of Sandhana Patra
Sandhana Patra is crucial in the production of fermented Ayurvedic formulations, such as Duralabharista. Traditionally, earthen and wooden vessels were prevalent for fermentation due to their inherent properties that support the process. However, advancements in technology have led to the use of metal and plastic alternatives. This study highlights the pros and cons of various containers as reported in classical texts, and emphasizes that these choices directly impact the fermentation process, influencing factors like onset and duration of fermentation, as well as the final yield and potency of the product.
Fermentation Process Observations
The researchers meticulously documented the changes observed during the fermentation of Duralabharista across all containers. Prior to fermentation, all samples exhibited similar characteristics—dark brown color and sweet odor—indicating the initial homogeneity. Subsequently, differences were noted during fermentation: some containers initiated fermentation earlier than others, with the earthen pot showing the earliest onset by day six. Over a 15-day period, the investigation monitored the samples until fermentation completion, which provided valuable insights into how container material affects fermentation dynamics.
Physico-Chemical Analysis
A comprehensive analysis of the physico-chemical properties of each sample revealed noteworthy distinctions. The study measured parameters such as pH, specific gravity, alcohol concentration, sugar content, and total solids across different containers. Results indicated that ceramic and steel containers produced higher alcohol levels—key for therapeutic efficacy—while plastic containers recorded the lowest. Additionally, variations were observed in total solids and titratable acidity across samples, underscoring the influence of container selection on product quality.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this research underscores the significant impact that container type has on the fermentation of Duralabharista, particularly regarding alcohol content and overall yield. The findings suggest that ceramic pots and steel vessels are superior in preserving the efficacy of the formulation compared to traditional earthen and wooden options. By integrating both modern materials and ancient knowledge, this study aids in optimizing Ayurvedic pharmaceutical preparations and reinforces the importance of container selection in achieving desired therapeutic outcomes.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Sandhana Kalpana in Ayurveda?
Sandhana Kalpana refers to the fermentation process in Ayurveda used to enhance the medicinal properties of herbal preparations. It involves combining various liquid and solid ingredients and allowing them to ferment in a suitable vessel.
What types of containers were studied for Duralabharista?
The study focused on five different containers: plastic containers, wooden barrels, earthen pots, steel vessels, and ceramic pots, to determine their influence on the fermentation process and final product quality.
What were the key findings regarding alcohol content in the study?
The study found that the highest alcohol content was in the ceramic pot (7.85%) and steel vessel (7.08%), suggesting that these containers are effective for fermentation when producing Duralabharista.
What is the significance of using different sandhana patras?
Different sandhana patras can affect the fermentation process, resulting in varied yields, flavors, and therapeutic properties of the final product. Choosing the right container is crucial for optimal outcomes in herbal preparations.
How was the Duralabharista prepared in the study?
Duralabharista was prepared by boiling a decoction of herbal drugs, mixing it with sugar, and allowing it to ferment in different containers for 15 days, after which it was analyzed for quality.
What were the physico-chemical characteristics studied?
The study assessed characteristics such as pH, specific gravity, viscosity, total sugar, reducing sugars, alcohol content, and solid residues in the Duralabharista samples prepared in different containers.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Role of containers in sandhana kalpana: duralabharista.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Container:
In the context of the study, a container refers to any vessel used for fermentation in Sandhana Kalpana. Different containers, including plastic, wooden, ceramic, steel, and earthen pots, are analyzed for their impact on the fermentation process and the quality of the Duralabharista prepared, which is essential for effective Ayurvedic medicine.
2) Sandhana (Samdhana):
Sandhana denotes the fermentation process, a crucial step in Ayurvedic pharmacology. It involves mixing various ingredients in a specific container to promote the conversion of liquid substances into a medicinal form through microbial action, thereby enhancing the therapeutic properties of the final product being studied.
3) Kalpana:
Kalpana in Ayurveda refers to the various methods of preparation for medicinal formulations. It encompasses techniques involving processing natural substances into usable medicines. In this study, Sandhana Kalpana illustrates the transformational process of ingredients during fermentation to create potent Ayurvedic preparations like Duralabharista.
4) Patra:
Patra means vessel or container in Sanskrit, specifically pertaining to those used in Ayurvedic formulations. In this research, different types of Patras are examined for their suitability in the fermentation process, affecting aspects of yield and quality of the final herbal preparation Duralabharista.
5) Study (Studying):
The study encapsulates the research conducted on the effects of various containers used in the fermentation process of Duralabharista. It aims to analyze the resulting differences in yield, composition, and other physicochemical properties to optimize Ayurvedic preparation methodologies.
6) Sugar:
Sugar in this context, particularly refers to the sweetening agents used in the preparation of Duralabharista. Various types of sugars, like jaggery and khanda sharkara, are incorporated to promote fermentation and contribute to the sweetness and therapeutic potency of the final product.
7) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaisajya represents the medicinal aspect of Ayurveda, focusing on the application and formulation of herbal medicines. This term is integral to the study, as it encapsulates the essence of preparing effective products, such as Duralabharista, within Ayurveda's holistic framework.
8) Drug:
Drugs in this context refer to the herbal and medicinal substances used in the preparation of Duralabharista. Understanding the properties and interactions of these drugs during the fermentation process is crucial for evaluating the therapeutic effectiveness of the final formulation.
9) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India where the study is based. The local herbs and plants utilized in the Duralabharista formulation are sourced from this region. The geographical relevance highlights the connection between local Ayurvedic practices and regional herbal biodiversity.
10) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a city in India renowned for its historical and educational significance in Ayurveda. It is often referenced in classical texts. The mention reflects the traditional roots of Ayurvedic knowledge and formulation techniques, influencing modern practices in herbal medicine.
11) Madhura:
Madhura means 'sweet' in Sanskrit, relating to the taste profile of the ingredients used in Duralabharista. The type and quantity of Madhura Dravya significantly influence the fermentation process and the final taste of the preparation, thereby impacting its acceptance and efficacy.
12) Dravya:
Dravya refers to substances or materials that are the basis for preparations in Ayurveda. The various Dravyas mentioned in the study serve as key ingredients in Duralabharista, playing critical roles in fermentation, flavor, and health benefits derived from the final product.
13) Khanda (Khamda):
Khanda is a type of sugar, specifically jaggery, used in the preparation of Ayurvedic formulations. Its role is significant in fermentation processes, affecting taste and the medicinal efficacy of final products like Duralabharista, which relies on balancing sweetness for optimal fermentation.
14) Water:
Water is a fundamental ingredient in the preparation of Duralabharista, used to create decoctions from the plant materials. Its quality and state significantly influence the fermentation process and the final yield of the medicinal preparation.
15) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the chemical compounds produced by plants, important for their therapeutic properties. In the study, the phytochemical analysis is crucial for understanding the bioactive components present in Duralabharista and how they are affected by the fermentation process.
16) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra emphasizes the chemistry behind Ayurvedic formulations, addressing methods and processes for preparing medicines. Its principles help understand the significance of various materials and practices examined in the study of Duralabharista, bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific insights.
17) Sharkara (Sarkara):
Sharkara refers to sugar or jaggery in Ayurveda. In the context of Duralabharista preparation, it acts not only as a sweetening agent but also as a crucial element promoting fermentation, influencing both the texture and the therapeutic properties of the final product.
18) Table:
Table refers to a structured representation of data within the research paper. Multiple tables are included to summarize findings related to yield, physicochemical characteristics, and phytochemical analysis of Duralabharista across different containers, aiding in the clarity of results.
19) Field:
Field refers to the discipline of Ayurveda itself, which encompasses knowledge, practices, and methods related to health and treatment. The study resides within this field, exploring the fermentation techniques and their applications in creating effective herbal preparations like Duralabharista.
20) Shrikantha (Srikantha, Shri-kantha, Shrikamtha):
Srikantha refers to K. R. Srikantha Murthy, an editor known for translating and compiling important Ayurvedic texts. His contributions are significant for providing insights into traditional Ayurvedic methodologies, influencing modern herbal formulations and educational practices in the field of Ayurveda.
21) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine focusing on balance in bodily systems using diet, herbal treatment, and yogic practices. The study emphasizes Ayurveda's principles in formulating effective medicines like Duralabharista and its relevance in modern health practices.
22) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical texts or scriptures in Ayurveda. These texts are considered authoritative and provide foundational knowledge regarding formulations and therapies. The study relies on these texts for methodologies like Sandhana Kalpana in preparing Duralabharista.
23) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya refers to herbal decoctions prepared by boiling herbs in water. It is an essential step in the preparation of Duralabharista where the medicinal properties of the herbs are extracted before fermentation, thus forming the base of the final product.
24) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn signifies the application of heat in Ayurvedic practices, important for processes like decoction and sterilization. In the context of the study, observing burn-related reactions during fermentation provides insights into the chemical dynamics and changes occurring within Duralabharista.
25) Surface:
Surface refers to the upper layer of the fermenting mixture where various observations are made for physical changes such as effervescence or the buildup of gases. Examining the surface characteristics gives insight into the progress of fermentation in Duralabharista.
26) Powder:
Powder indicates the form in which some raw plant ingredients are processed before being used in the Duralabharista preparation. Grinding medicinal herbs into powder enhances their extraction efficiency during decoction and fermentation, crucial for achieving the desired therapeutic effects.
27) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa translates to 'taste' and is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda. It is essential for evaluating medicinal preparations such as Duralabharista, as the rasa can influence therapeutic benefits, patient acceptance, and the overall effectiveness of the medicinal formulation.
28) Madhuradravya (Madhura-dravya):
Madhura-dravya refers specifically to sweetening agents used in Ayurvedic formulations. Their quantity and quality can greatly impact the fermentation process and the overall effectiveness of medicines like Duralabharista. This aspect is crucial for determining the success of traditional preparations.
29) Sharngadhara (Sarngadhara, Sharnga-dhara):
Sarngadhara refers to the author of a classical Ayurvedic text, which is pivotal for providing guidelines on formulations and treatments. His contributions are foundational in understanding the preparation methods used in studies, including the preparation of Duralabharista.
30) Dravadravya (Drava-dravya):
Dravadravya indicates liquid substances or extracts used in the preparation of Ayurvedic formulations, essential for processes like decoction and fermentation. It denotes the collective category of liquids that serve as bases for concocting effective medicines, including those investigated in the research.
31) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid refers to a subclass of flavonoids specifically being studied within the context of the herbal preparations. Their identification in Duralabharista underscores the preparation's potential health benefits, correlating with the antioxidative effects associated with such compounds.
32) Prakshepa (Praksepa):
Prakshepa refers to the powdered form of medicinal herbs, added during the preparation of Ayurvedic formulations. This component is crucial for enhancing the medicinal qualities of Duralabharista, enabling better extraction of bioactive compounds during the fermentation process.
33) Madhyama:
Madhyama translates to 'medium' and can refer to a level of concentration or processing within the context of Ayurvedic formulations. It can also point to methodologies that fall in between extremes, underscoring a balanced approach characteristic of Ayurvedic practices.
34) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Astanga refers to the 'Eight Limbs' of Yoga, which is part of the holistic system in Ayurveda that promotes balance in physical and mental health. It signifies an integral approach to health that complements the practices described in the study of Duralabharista.
35) Quality:
Quality represents the standards and characteristics valuable in evaluating Ayurvedic preparations. In this study, quality assessment across different containers highlights the importance of adhering to traditional methods and modern scientific analysis to ensure effective herbal medicines.
36) Mishra (Misra):
Mishra refers to Shri Brahmashankar Mishra, an important figure in Ayurvedic literature. His work contributes to understanding classical texts and preparation methods that guide contemporary practices like those explored in the context of Duralabharista.
37) Arishta (Arista):
Arishta denotes another category of fermented Ayurvedic preparations that are closely related to Duralabharista. Understanding the similarities and differences highlights the intricate nature of Ayurvedic formulations and their reliance on fermentation for enhancing health benefits.
38) Tikta:
Tikta translates to 'bitter' and describes one of the six tastes recognized in Ayurveda. It plays an essential role in formulations by balancing effects and catering to different doshic imbalances, thus contributing to the overall efficacy of medicines like Duralabharista.
39) Pushpa (Puspa):
Puspa means 'flower' in Sanskrit and refers to the flowers involved in Ayurvedic formulations. Their inclusion, as in the case of Dhataki puspa for fermentation, underscores the importance of botanical ingredients in the processes that enhance the therapeutic qualities of preparations.
40) Honey:
Honey is identified as a sweetening and medicinal component in Ayurveda, known for its numerous health benefits and its role in formulations like Duralabharista. It contributes not only sweetness but also enhanced efficacy and absorption of the other active ingredients.
41) Shri (Sr, Sri):
Shri is an honorific used in Sanskrit and Hindi reflecting respect. When referring to figures influential in Ayurvedic medicine, it underscores the cultural and traditional values enshrined within the practices being studied and their historical contributions to the field.
42) Life:
Life embodies the core aim of Ayurvedic practice: promoting well-being and longevity. The study’s exploration of Duralabharista ties back to Ayurvedic principles that seek to enhance quality of life through holistic approaches and effective medicinal formulations.
43) Phyllanthus emblica:
Phyllanthus emblica, also known as Amla, is a prominent medicinal herb in Ayurveda valued for its high vitamin C content and health benefits including boosting immunity and promoting digestion. Its inclusion in Duralabharista enhances the preparation's nutritional profile and therapeutic efficacy.
44) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, also known as Haritaki, is an important herb in Ayurveda recognized for its detoxifying properties. It plays a significant role in enhancing the therapeutic effects of Duralabharista, contributing to digestion and overall health benefits attributed to this preparation.
45) Adhatoda vasica:
Adhatoda vasica, commonly known as Vasaka, is a medicinal plant used in Ayurveda for treating respiratory ailments. Its presence in the formulation of Duralabharista underscores the comprehensive approach of Ayurvedic practices focused on leveraging herbological properties to tackle health issues.
46) Golden pitcher (Golden pot, Golden vessel):
The 'golden vessel' is mentioned within classical Ayurvedic texts as a rare container for preparing specific formulations like Saraswatarista. Its reference highlights traditional beliefs about using precious materials for enhancing the quality of preparations, although practical applications may vary.
47) Piper longum:
Piper longum, known as Long Pepper, is an important herb in Ayurveda, recognized for its benefits in enhancing digestion and respiratory health. Its incorporation into Duralabharista showcases the blend of herbs aimed at maximizing the therapeutic potential of the formulation.
48) Piper chaba:
Piper chaba, also known as Chavya, is utilized in Ayurvedic formulations for its health benefits, including digestive support. Its role in Duralabharista emphasizes the blend of various herbs aimed at enhancing overall efficacy and ensuring a well-rounded therapeutic preparation.
49) Human body:
The human body represents the ultimate focus of Ayurvedic medicine, which seeks to promote balance and health through natural formulations. In the context of this study, understanding the effects of ingredients on human physiology is critical for developing effective treatments.
50) Plumbago zeylanica:
Plumbago zeylanica, recognized in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties, is included in Duralabharista for its potential health benefits. This herb plays a role in the holistic approach to treatment, showcasing the diverse botanical sources leveraged in traditional formulations.
51) Samdhibandhana (Sandhibandhana, Sandhi-bandhana, Samdhi-bandhana):
Sandhi-bandhana refers to the sealing process put in place during fermentation, vital for maintaining anaerobic conditions required for successful fermentation of Duralabharista. It highlights the meticulous aspect of Ayurvedic preparation techniques to ensure desired outcomes in product quality.
52) Observation:
Observation in the study entails the systematic examination of the properties and characteristics of Duralabharista as it undergoes fermentation. Attention to detail ensures that the processes align with Ayurvedic guidelines, enabling accurate assessments of quality and effectiveness.
53) Madhvasava (Madhu-asava, Madhasava):
Madhvasava is another fermented Ayurvedic preparation known for specific health benefits. Its comparison to Duralabharista reflects the variations in formulation techniques and container impacts, allowing for a broader understanding of fermentation practices within traditional medicine.
54) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analytical dialogue regarding the findings observed in the study of Duralabharista. Here, interpretations of the results alongside traditional Ayurvedic knowledge help bridge the gap between ancient wisdom and contemporary scientific understanding.
55) Duralabha:
Duralabha signifies the core medicinal preparation being studied, known for its health-promoting properties in Ayurveda. Understanding its preparation process, especially fermentation, is crucial for optimizing the benefits derived from this traditional herbal formulation.
56) Evolution:
Evolution in the context refers to the ongoing development and progression of Ayurvedic practices and preparation techniques. Including contemporary methods alongside traditional practices, like those observed in the Duralabharista study, showcases how Ayurveda adapts while maintaining its core principles.
57) Bandhana (Bamdhana):
Bandhana entails the concept of binding or sealing in the Ayurvedic preparation process. This step is crucial during fermentation, ensuring that the conditions support the biochemical transformations needed for products like Duralabharista to achieve their desired properties.
58) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata, a revered figure in Ayurveda, is known for his contributions to the classical texts. His teachings and methodologies greatly influence the practices surrounding the preparation of traditional medicines, such as Duralabharista, shaping Ayurvedic knowledge across generations.
59) Medicine:
Medicine in this context refers specifically to Ayurveda's holistic approach to health care, utilizing natural herbs and treatments. The study aims to refine and enhance the preparation of traditional medicines like Duralabharista, aligning practices with contemporary health standards.
60) Govinda (Go-vinda, Govimda):
Govinda connects to figures influential in the development of Ayurvedic texts and practices. As a respected contributor to traditional knowledge, understanding his works sheds light on the historical context of Ayurvedic medicine and influences modern practices like the ones discussed.
61) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
Hridaya signifies 'heart' in Sanskrit and is often referenced in Ayurvedic texts to underscore the central importance of health and well-being in life. This concept is vital to Ayurveda, emphasizing holistic health concepts explored in the study of Duralabharista.
62) Amalaki:
Amalaki, or Indian Gooseberry, is a popular herb in Ayurveda, celebrated for its health benefits, including high antioxidant content. Its inclusion in Duralabharista enhances the formulation's health-promoting properties, highlighting the significance of specific herbs in Ayurvedic medicine.
63) Dhataki:
Dhataki refers to the flower of the Wrightia tinctoria plant, used as a fermentation starter in Ayurvedic preparations. Its addition to Duralabharista facilitates the fermentation process, illustrating the importance of specific botanicals in enriching the final medicinal formulation.
64) Vijnana:
Vijnana translates to 'knowledge' or 'science,' embodying the systematic study and applications of Ayurvedic principles. The research surrounding Duralabharista reflects Vijnana as it seeks to refine traditional methods through empirical understanding and modern pharmaceutical practices.
65) Phalini:
Phalini may refer to particular herbs or components used in Ayurvedic medicine, contributing to the complexity and efficacy of formulations. In the context of Duralabharista, it suggests careful selection of ingredients, emphasizing traditional practices in creating effective herbal medicines.
66) Madhuka:
Madhuka refers to licorice or sweet-flavored herbs used in formulations. Its inclusion signifies the importance of flavor and therapeutic properties, affecting both the sensory qualities and health benefits of preparations like Duralabharista, enhancing its efficacy in treatment.
67) Jaggery:
Jaggery, or raw sugar, serves as a traditional natural sweetener in Ayurvedic medicine. Its role in the preparation of Duralabharista provides sweetness necessary for fermentation and also contributes to the overall nutritive profile of the final medicinal formulation.
68) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the empirical and systematic exploration of Ayurvedic practices. The study integrates traditional wisdom with scientific methods to evaluate the fermentation processes affecting herbal medicine quality, exemplifying the evolution of Ayurveda within the broader context of health science.
69) Dhupita:
Dhupita refers to the practice of fumigating or treating containers before use in Ayurvedic preparations to ensure purity. This step is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the fermentation process in Duralabharista, aligning traditional discipline with modern hygiene standards.
70) Lepita:
Lepita often signifies a process of applying or coating certain substances for medicinal purposes. In Duralabharista preparation, it may relate to the treatment of containers for fermentation. This reflects the meticulous attention to detail characterized in Ayurvedic methods.
71) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
Sandhi indicates the action of binding or sealing processes in Ayurvedic preparations. In the case of Duralabharista, maintaining proper seals during fermentation is crucial for both safety and efficacy, ensuring that the biochemical transformations occur as intended.
72) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita refers to clarified butter in Ayurveda renowned for its nutritional and rejuvenating properties. Its addition to formulations may enhance therapeutic effects, underscoring the balance of different elements within Duralabharista that contribute to its holistic benefits.
73) Vijaya:
Vijaya refers to the victorious outcome associated with Ayurvedic medicines. Its presence among the ingredients may symbolize the successful contribution of each herb and formulation into achieving intended health benefits, affirming the traditional belief in herbs’ collective power.
74) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
Sharma refers to prominent figures in Ayurveda who contribute to the recognition and teachings of traditional practices. Understanding their roles in Ayurvedic development enhances knowledge about the evolution and application of practices in studies like that of Duralabharista.
75) Nature:
Nature represents the foundational elements of Ayurvedic medicine, emphasizing the use of natural substances for health and wellness. The study highlights these principles by focusing on the cultivation, preparation, and application of herbs like those in Duralabharista.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 93]
Other Science Concepts:
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