HPTLC detection of rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, and mangiferin.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “HPTLC detection of rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, and mangiferin.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Rosa (Rosha):
The genus Rosa pertains to a group of flowering plants known as roses. Within the context of herbal medicine, Rosa damascena, mentioned in the study, is significant for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Such plants are vital in traditional and modern herbal remedies.

2) Flavonoid:
A term that refers to a type of bioactive compound typically found in fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods. Flavonoids are known for their health-promoting properties, which include modulation of immune responses and protection against oxidative stress. This research highlights their presence in various herbal raw materials.

3) Species:
In biological classification, species refer to groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. In the study, multiple plant species from the Meliaceae, Piperaceae, and Rosaceae families were analyzed, showcasing the diversity of medicinal plants and their respective phytochemical attributes.

4) Family:
In taxonomy, a family is a rank that groups together related organisms. The study investigates plants from families such as Meliaceae, Piperaceae, and Rosaceae, which are known for their medicinal capabilities. Understanding these families aids in the identification of potential health benefits of various plants.

5) Piper cubeba:
Piper cubeba, known as kubeb pepper, is a member of the Piperaceae family used in traditional medicine. It is recognized for its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Including this species in the study underscores the exploration of diverse herbal remedies derived from this particular plant.

6) India:
India, a country rich in biodiversity and traditional medicine, is the geographical focus of the study. The herbs analyzed are commonly used in Indian Ayurveda and Siddha systems. The cultural context highlights the importance of local knowledge and practices in herbal medicine.

7) Water:
Water is a critical solvent in phytochemical extraction and analysis. It is often used in preparation for herbal medicines and is essential for the proper functioning of biological systems. The research discusses extraction methods that involve water to isolate active compounds from plant materials.

8) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used to treat, prevent, or diagnose illness. The study focuses on herbal medicines derived from specific plants, emphasizing their role in traditional health systems and the need for scientific validation of their therapeutic claims.

9) Study (Studying):
Referring specifically to the research conducted by Arivukkarasu et al., it investigates the phytochemical properties of various herbal samples. This study is significant for its methodological approach and findings that reinforce the role of traditional herbal remedies in modern medical practices.

10) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is a state in India known for its rich tradition in herbal medicine and biodiversity. The study highlights local plants and traditional practices rooted in this region, emphasizing the cultural significance of these herbal materials within the Tamil Nadu context.

11) Activity:
Activity in this context indicates the biological effects of compounds found in the analyzed herbal materials, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, or antioxidant effects. Identifying and quantifying these activities showcases the potential therapeutic roles of bioactive compounds in health care.

12) Disease:
A singular term for diseases that highlights a specific health condition or ailment. Understanding these conditions is critical for analyzing how the compounds extracted from the studied plants can contribute to overall health and wellness.

13) Science (Scientific):
This term encompasses various fields of systematic study, including biology, pharmacology, and chemistry. The research reflects interdisciplinarity, integrating knowledge from different sciences to evaluate the medicinal properties of herbal plants and their biochemical constituents.

14) Insect:
Insects are significant in studies exploring natural pest control methods. Certain compounds derived from the studied plants display insect-repellent properties, underscoring their role in sustainable agriculture and pest management strategies.

15) Table:
The term table refers to the data presentation format, providing organized visual information regarding experimental results. In the study, tables present key findings about the concentrations of active compounds in different herbal extracts, facilitating easier comprehension of the data.

16) Blood:
Blood is vital for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Certain substances in the studied herbal plants claim to have effects on blood-related conditions, suggesting that they may help in blood purification and managing blood sugar levels.

17) Tamil:
Tamil is the language spoken in Tamil Nadu and among Tamil communities globally. The relevance of Tamil extends to the cultural understanding of traditional medicinal practices, as local knowledge and language play a crucial role in preserving and transmitting herbal medicine knowledge.

18) Nadu:
Nadu, meaning 'land' or 'place' in Tamil, typically refers to regions within Tamil Nadu. The naming emphasizes the local significance of the study and its focus on the native plants found in these specific geographical areas, enriching local medicinal traditions.

19) Neem:
Neem is popularly known for its medicinal properties, particularly in Ayurveda. The study emphasizes *Azadirachta indica*, called Neem, for its broad applications in medicine, showcasing its relevance in health benefits and traditional remedies.

20) Azadirachta indica:
This species, commonly known as Neem, belongs to the Meliaceae family and is recognized for its extensive health benefits. The study highlights *Azadirachta indica* for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, affirming its significant role in herbal medicine.

21) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drug action and how substances affect biological systems. The research encapsulates pharmacological aspects by evaluating the effectiveness of specific bioactive compounds from herbs, contributing to the field of pharmacology and herbal medicine.

22) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, important in understanding various diseases. The study underscores the role of certain herbal compounds in modulating inflammatory responses, emphasizing their therapeutic potential in managing inflammation-related conditions.

23) Performance:
In this context, performance alludes to the efficacy of HPTLC as an analytical method in determining the composition of herbal extracts. The accurate performance of the methodology reinforces the reliability of the study's findings and the importance of analytical techniques in pharmacognosy.

24) Leprosy:
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by *Mycobacterium leprae*. The study highlights traditional uses for plants that possess medicinal properties, relating to historical treatments for leprosy and further illustrating the significance of herbal remedies in managing diseases.

25) Siddha:
Siddha medicine is a traditional medical system originating in Tamil Nadu, emphasizing the holistic treatment of health issues. The study focuses on herbal materials utilized in Siddha practices, acknowledging its cultural importance in promoting health and treating ailments.

26) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The study explores the potential of herbal extracts in cancer prevention and treatment, highlighting the promising role of natural compounds found in the studied plant species.

27) Food:
Food represents nutrients consumed for health and sustenance. Many plants studied are also valued as functional foods, providing health benefits beyond basic nutrition, emphasizing the connection between dietary habits and traditional herbal medicines.

28) Tree:
Trees represent a subset of perennial plants vital for ecological health and medicinal use. The study underscores the role of trees like *Azadirachta indica*, which are rich in bioactive compounds beneficial for health.

29) Crop:
Crops, cultivated for food or medicinal use, are significant for studying traditional health practices. The research connects agricultural practices with ongoing healthcare, illustrating the importance of cultivated plants in both nutrition and herbal medicine.

30) Village:
Village relates to rural communities where traditional medicine practices thrive. The study often refers to villages in Tamil Nadu, highlighting the importance of local traditions and accessibility of herbal materials for healthcare.

31) Human body:
The human body is the subject of various physiological studies, particularly regarding health and disease. Understanding how medicinal compounds from herbs affect the human body is fundamental to assessing their therapeutic benefits and biological mechanisms of action.

32) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants known for their beneficial effects on health. The study highlights various phytochemicals present in the analyzed plants, indicating their roles in disease prevention and overall health enhancement.

33) Dharmapuri (Dharma-puri):
Dharmapuri is a district in Tamil Nadu, India, noted for its diversity in flora. The study highlights the collection of herbal samples from this region, emphasizing localized knowledge and resources in traditional medicine practices.

34) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of the research where findings are analyzed and interpreted. The discussion reflects on the significance of the results within the context of existing literature, providing insights into the implications of the study for herbal medicine.

35) Relative:
Relative denotes a connection or relationship among concepts. In this context, it could refer to the relative effectiveness of various phytochemicals in the studied plants and their comparative analysis in addressing health-related issues.

36) Chandra:
Chandra likely refers to a researcher or contributor in the context of the study. It signifies the collaborative nature of scientific research, where multiple authors contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of findings in herbal pharmacology.

37) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standard of the herbal extracts and their efficacy. The assessment of quality is crucial in ensuring that herbal medicines are safe, effective, and reliable, which reflects the standards of pharmaceutical sciences.

38) Company:
In this context, company may refer to the suppliers or producers of phytochemicals used in the study. The ethical sourcing and quality of materials from companies significantly impact the integrity and outcomes of research in herbal medicine.

39) Animal:
The term animal refers generally to members of the biological kingdom Animalia. Animal studies are integral to herbal pharmacology, helping to elucidate the physiological effects of plant compounds, providing insights into their therapeutic potential.

40) Rashmi (Rasmi):
Rashmi may refer to a co-author of the study, indicating the collective effort in researching herbal materials. Collaboration among researchers often enhances the robustness and reliability of findings in scientific inquiries.

41) Karuna:
Karuna could denote another contributor to the study, indicative of the diverse expertise involved in analyzing the phytochemical properties of the selected herbs. Teamwork in research enables comprehensive evaluations and validations.

42) Nausea:
Nausea describes the sensation of unease or discomfort often associated with the urge to vomit. Some herbs studied are traditionally used to relieve nausea, showcasing their importance in holistic health management and treatment of gastrointestinal issues.

43) Nature:
Nature encompasses the environment, including plants, animals, and ecosystems. The study emphasizes natural resources as sources of medicinal compounds, highlighting the interconnection between nature and human health in terms of herbal remedies.

44) Kumar:
Kumar may refer to a contributing researcher in the study, implying the importance of collaborative efforts in advancing knowledge about medicinal plants and their active compounds. Such teams usually bring diverse skills and perspectives to research.

45) Glass:
Glass relates to laboratory equipment used in the study for extraction and analysis. The quality and cleanliness of glassware play an important role in experimental accuracy and the integrity of analytical results in scientific research.

46) Sugar:
Sugar refers to saccharine compounds found in various foods. The study may address the impact of certain herbal extracts on blood sugar levels, highlighting their potential role in managing conditions such as diabetes.

47) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a sore on the skin or mucous membranes, often associated with digestive issues. Many plants studied traditionally treat ulcer symptoms, showcasing their historical use in medicine and their relevance in current health practices.

48) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom of infection or illness. The study highlights the traditional use of certain herbal remedies for managing fever, illustrating their importance in healthcare approaches within various cultural contexts.

49) Rati:
Rathi is likely an author involved in the research. It signals the collaborative aspect of the study, showcasing the contributions of various individuals in documenting the phytochemical properties of several herbs.

50) Pati (Patin):
Padhi may refer to a contributor to the research team, emphasizing the collective effort in analyzing the herbal materials. Team collaboration enhances the depth and scope of findings in the realm of herbal medicine.

51) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn in this context refers to damage done to skin or body tissue. The relevance of studying herbal remedies for burns reinforces the importance of traditional medicine in treating common health afflictions.

52) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used in the treatment of disease and ailment. The study relates to the classification and understanding of herbal drugs derived from plant extracts, emphasizing their role in healthcare and pharmacology.

53) Bala:
Bala may refer to the traditional practitioner or health professional collaborating in the research. Acknowledging such individuals is crucial for emphasizing the role of traditional knowledge in advancing scientific research in herbal medicine.

54) Puja:
Puja could indicate a contributor to the research who has helped enhance the study’s findings. Acknowledging team members demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of such research in exploring the medicinal values of plants.

55) Babu:
Babu might refer to a contributing author in the research team. The involvement of multiple researchers enriches the study through diverse expertise, enhancing the rigor and comprehensiveness of the findings in the context of herbal pharmacology.

56) Beta:
Beta may refer to the beta glycosyl residue found in compounds such as mangiferin. This term emphasizes the structural aspect of phytochemicals, crucial for understanding their biological activity and therapeutic potential in medicinal applications.

57) Ghat (Gham):
Ghat refers to the Western Ghats, a mountain range in South India rich in biodiversity. The mention of this region highlights the ecological significance as a source of herbal materials valuable in traditional medicines.

58) Viru:
Viru may refer to a contributing author or researcher involved in the study. The contribution of multiple individuals signifies the collaborative effort in investigating herbal medicines and their efficacy.

59) Life:
Life encompasses the existence of living organisms and their interaction with the environment. The study relates to life sciences, particularly in understanding how medicinal plants impact health and well-being, reflecting the integration of nature in human life.