Anti-microbial evaluation of transdermal patches of Pongamia extract.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation and evalution of anti microbial acitivity of transdermal pathes of ethanolic extract of pongamia pinnata seed
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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M. Sakthivel, M. Mohammad Halith, A. Swetha, S. Thangamaniarasan, S. Velmathi and R. Vengatesh
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Formulation and evalution of anti microbial acitivity of transdermal pathes of ethanolic extract of pongamia pinnata seed
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20242-31011
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study focuses on the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata seeds, commonly known as karanja, a tree prevalent in regions like India, Africa, and China. Known for its therapeutic properties, the plant has been utilized in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha to treat various ailments, including inflammations and skin diseases. The research aims to determine the efficacy of a transdermal patch formulated with the seed extract against several pathogenic microorganisms, thus exploring its potential as a new antimicrobial agent.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pongamia pinnata Extract
The research employed a maceration process to prepare the ethanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata seeds, followed by a preliminary phytochemical screening. The antimicrobial effectiveness was tested using the Kirby Bauer Agar Well Diffusion method at a concentration of 100 µg against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results indicated a significant variability in antimicrobial activity depending on the type of bacteria tested, with the crude extract exhibiting considerable inhibition against all the pathogens evaluated, suggesting its potential as a source for new antimicrobial compounds.
Formulation of Transdermal Patches
In creating transdermal patches, the study utilized varying ratios of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and pectin along with glycerin and DMSO. The formulation process involved dissolving the components and the extract in distilled water, after which the mixture was poured into petri dishes and allowed to solidify. This method was aimed at ensuring the effective delivery of the herbal extract through the skin, leveraging the inherent properties of the ingredients to enhance the transdermal penetration of the active compounds.
Microbial Culture and Evaluation Methodology
The study utilized various bacterial cultures, including Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, obtained from a laboratory in Tiruchirappalli. The preparation of microbial inoculum involved incubating bacterial cultures in nutrient broth before proceeding with the antimicrobial activity assessment. The standardized Kirby Bauer assay provided a structured methodology for evaluating the degree of inhibition, with results indicating the extract's effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Controls using organic solvents and gentamicin further validated the experimental design.
Conclusion
The findings of this research highlight the significant antimicrobial properties of the transdermal patch formulations containing Pongamia pinnata seed extract. The study successfully demonstrates that the ethanolic extract possesses substantial antibacterial activity, particularly against common skin pathogens. Given these results, transdermal patches formulated with this extract could serve as effective treatments for skin infections, marking a promising avenue for further research and potential pharmaceutical applications. The results advocate for the utility of natural products in developing new antimicrobial therapies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the research on Pongamia pinnata?
The research investigates the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract from Pongamia pinnata seeds, exploring its potential as a new antimicrobial agent against various bacteria.
How was the ethanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata prepared?
The ethanolic extract was prepared using a cold maceration process, where dried and powdered seeds were soaked in 70% ethanol for a week with occasional shaking.
What method was used to test antimicrobial activity?
The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the Kirby Bauer Agar Well Diffusion method, measuring the zone of inhibition against different bacterial strains.
Which bacterial strains were tested in the study?
The study tested various bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What were the significant results of the antimicrobial testing?
The transdermal patches showed significant antimicrobial activity, with larger inhibition zones against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at varying concentrations.
What potential applications are suggested for Pongamia pinnata extract?
The study suggests that Pongamia pinnata extract may serve as a potential source for developing new antimicrobial agents suitable for treating skin infections.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anti-microbial evaluation of transdermal patches of Pongamia extract.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
In the context of the study, 'activity' refers to the antimicrobial properties exhibited by the ethanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata seeds. Researchers evaluated this activity by measuring the effectiveness of the extract against various bacterial strains, highlighting the potential use of the plant in combating microbial infections.
2) Medium:
In microbiology, 'medium' refers to the nutrient-rich environment in which organisms, like bacteria, are grown for experimental purposes. Here, nutrient agar serves as the medium for culturing bacteria and testing the antimicrobial efficacy of the Pongamia pinnata extract, crucial for scientific investigations.
3) Water:
'Water' is used as a solvent and diluent in various processes, including the preparation of culture mediums and extraction methods. It plays a vital role in solubilizing the plant materials and other chemical compounds, facilitating the extraction of bioactive agents from Pongamia pinnata seeds.
4) Aureus:
'Aureus' refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium tested in this study. This particular pathogen is significant due to its role in various infections. The extract's effectiveness against S. aureus indicates the potential application of Pongamia pinnata as an antimicrobial agent for treating such infections.
5) Study (Studying):
'The study' specifies the particular research undertaking aimed at investigating the antimicrobial properties of Pongamia pinnata seeds. It includes the methodology, results, and implications of the findings. The phrase underscores the importance of rigorous scientific inquiry in understanding the applications of herbal remedies.
6) India:
'India' is the geographical origin of the Pongamia pinnata plant and highlights its traditional use in Indian herbal medicine. The study emphasizes the significance of local flora, underlining the relevance of traditional knowledge and natural resources in modern pharmacological research and potential biomedicine.
7) Perambalur:
'Perambalur' is the locality in India where the Pongamia pinnata seeds were collected for this study. The specific geographical context is essential, as it possibly influences the phytochemical profile and resultant antimicrobial activity of the plant's extracts, which may vary based on environmental factors.
8) Table:
'Table' in the manuscript refers to a structured presentation of quantitative results, specifically to display data, such as the antimicrobial efficacy of different extract concentrations. Tables organize information, making it easier for readers to grasp the findings and compare results efficiently.
9) Disease:
'Disease' encapsulates the concept of any deviation from health, particularly those that microorganisms can cause. In the study, the focus is on infections that can be treated using the antimicrobial properties found in Pongamia pinnata, reaffirming the need for effective natural remedies.
10) Karanja (Karamja):
'Karanja' is the common name for Pongamia pinnata in Hindi, highlighting its cultural and regional significance. This name connects the plant to local practices and traditional medicinal uses in India, supporting the narrative that local flora can have substantial therapeutic potential.
11) Tree:
'Tree' identifies Pongamia pinnata as a species of tree known for its wide application in traditional medicine. Its classification not only indicates the plant's physical characteristics but also emphasizes its ecological importance and potential benefits in pharmacological applications.
12) Family:
'Family' in this context reiterates the biological classification of Pongamia pinnata, reemphasizing its categorization within the Fabaceae. This classification assists in understanding its relatedness to other plants and potentially similar medicinal properties, important for researchers in ethnobotany and pharmacology.
13) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' pertains to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. This term highlights the scientific investigation of the medicinal properties of extracts from Pongamia pinnata, aiming to harness and validate its therapeutic potential as an antimicrobial agent.
14) Phytochemical:
'Phytochemical' refers to chemical compounds produced by plants that may have biological activity. In this study, the identification and screening of phytochemicals in Pongamia pinnata seeds are essential for understanding their role in antimicrobial action and therapeutic use.
15) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' is a traditional Indian system of medicine that employs various natural substances, including plants like Pongamia pinnata, to treat health disorders. The study connects modern pharmacological research with Ayurvedic practices, showcasing the relevance of traditional knowledge in contemporary medicine.
16) Medicine:
'Medicine' encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. This research on the antimicrobial properties of Pongamia pinnata seeds contributes to expanding the medicinal arsenal available for healthcare, bridging the gap between traditional applications and modern therapeutic needs.
17) Company:
'Company' in the context of the study likely refers to the commercial entities involved in sourcing or utilizing chemicals necessary for the research, such as those listed for formulating transdermal patches. It emphasizes the collaborative nature of research and the role of industry in supporting scientific exploration.
18) Siddha:
'Siddha' represents another traditional Indian system of medicine, closely related to Ayurveda. The mention of Siddha in the context of Pongamia pinnata underscores the historical significance of herbal treatments in Indian medicine, reinforcing the plant's multifaceted therapeutic uses across different traditional practices.
19) Muslin:
'Muslin' refers to the type of cloth used for filtering during the extraction of compounds from Pongamia pinnata seeds. This practical detail is essential in the methodology to ensure purity of the extract, highlighting the importance of laboratory techniques in obtaining accurate research results.
20) Trichy:
'Trichy', or Tiruchirappalli, is the location where the Pongamia pinnata seeds were authenticated, providing credibility to the study. This geographical identification encourages a connection between local ecological and medicinal knowledge, emphasizing the importance of regional plants in research.
21) Cancer:
'Cancer' denotes one of the diseases treated with traditional medicines, including those derived from Pongamia pinnata. The relevance of this term in the study illustrates the broad spectrum of potential therapeutic applications for the plant, emphasizing its significance in the field of medicinal research.
22) Indian:
'Indian' signifies the cultural and geographical context of the study, drawing connections between the medicinal practices prevalent in India and the use of local plants like Pongamia pinnata. The term reflects the rich heritage and diversity found in traditional Indian medicine.
23) Botany:
'Botany' is the scientific study of plants, including their characteristics and uses. The research ties into the discipline of botany, as understanding the botany of Pongamia pinnata is crucial for sustainable use and exploration of its medicinal properties in pharmacological applications.
24) Manure:
'Manure' refers to organic matter used to enrich soil for agricultural purposes. Highlighting the use of Pongamia pinnata as green manure connects its ecological benefits to agricultural practices, demonstrating the plant's versatile applications beyond medicinal uses, enhancing soil fertility in farming.
25) Ulcer:
'Ulcer' signifies a specific type of wound or sore that can have various underlying causes. It emphasizes the relevance of traditional herbal remedies, such as those from Pongamia pinnata, in treating conditions that disrupt skin integrity and overall health.
26) Hindi (Himdi):
'Hindi' underscores the linguistic and cultural context of the research, relating to the vernacular name 'Karanja' for Pongamia pinnata. This term bridges the local cultural practices and traditional knowledge with scientific exploration and validation in modern healthcare.
27) Cina:
'China' is mentioned as one of the geographical regions where Pongamia pinnata is found, indicating the plant's widespread utility and relevance. Including China in the study emphasizes the global significance of this plant in ethnobotanical studies and potential agricultural and medicinal applications.
28) Ter:
'Ther' appears to be a typographical error likely meant to refer to 'therapeutic' or 'therapy.' In this context, it relates to the treatment provided by medicinal plants, highlighting the role that Pongamia pinnata may play in providing therapeutic effects for various diseases.
29) Dish (Dis):
'Dish' refers to a petri dish used for culturing microbial samples during the antimicrobial testing phase of the study. The dish is a critical tool in laboratory settings, enabling researchers to effectively observe and measure the growth of bacteria in response to treatment with the extract.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Anti-microbial evaluation of transdermal patches of Pongamia extract.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Pongamia pinnata, Therapeutic agent, Pharmacological activity, Phytochemical screening, Zone of inhibition, Anti-microbial activity, Maceration process, Bioactive compound, Cold maceration process, Gram negative, Kirby-Bauer Agar Well Diffusion Method, Plant Extract, Nutrient agar medium, Biodiesel production, Skin infection, Bioactive constituent.