A review of parpati kalpana w.s.r to tamra parpati

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review of parpati kalpana w.s.r to tamra parpati
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Vijetha S., Dr. Basavarajeshwari and Dr. M. B. Rudrapuri


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Full text available for: A review of parpati kalpana w.s.r to tamra parpati

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20243-31253

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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Rasashastra, a significant branch of Ayurveda, focuses on the therapeutic use of metals and minerals, particularly the utilization of a potent substance known as Parada (mercury). This field encompasses the preparation of various formulations, including Parpati Kalpana, which is characterized by its unique production methods resulting in thin, crisp wafers. Historical texts such as Chakradatta and Rasendra Mangala provide insight into the use and benefits of Parpati, which is known for its therapeutic potency, reduced toxicity, and affordability. This review examines the method of preparation, the ingredients involved, and the various types of Parpati preparations, particularly highlighting Tamra Parpati.

The Preparation Process of Parpati

The preparation of Parpati involves a meticulous methodology. Initially, Kajjali, a mixture of purified mercury and sulfur, is created by grinding the two until specific physical and chemical characteristics are achieved. Once this base is prepared, it is placed in a ghee-coated iron vessel and heated to achieve the desired molten consistency. The mixture is then poured onto a banana leaf also layered with ghee and pressed to form thin wafers. The intensity of heat applied during cooking determines the final quality and texture of the Parpati, which can range from soft to hard depending on the desired outcome. This careful control of temperature and the selection of materials such as cow dung and specific leaves enhance the therapeutic properties of the final product.

Therapeutic Value of Parpati

Parpati preparations are celebrated for their high therapeutic value and efficacy in treating a variety of ailments. Particularly, they are used in managing conditions such as Grahani (digestive disorders), Rajayakshma (tuberculosis), and Kushta (skin diseases). The distinct components of each formulation, including additional herbs or minerals, contribute to their specialized benefits. For instance, different Parpati formulations may incorporate various herbs that enhance their medicinal properties or target specific health issues. The versatility of Parpati, due to its varied compositions and forms, makes it broadly applicable in Ayurvedic treatments, catering to patients from pediatric to geriatric demographics.

Tamra Parpati: A Unique Formulation

Tamra Parpati, a specific variety of Parpati Rasayana, incorporates Tamra (copper) Bhasma as a key ingredient. This formulation is known for its multiple health benefits, especially in treating disorders related to digestion and metabolism. The method of preparation aligns with standard Parpati production, where Kajjali is mixed with Tamra Bhasma and subjected to careful heating. The resulting product is reputed for its efficiency in treating conditions like Rajayakshma and various metabolic disorders. Tamra, being a paramlekhana, is believed to stimulate digestive fire and balance bodily doshas, particularly beneficial for individuals with Pitta and Kapha imbalances.

Conclusion

The preparation and application of Parpati, especially Tamra Parpati, underscore the rich therapeutic potential found within the realm of Rasashastra. With their traditional roots and a well-documented history in Ayurveda, Parpati formulations are deemed effective and safe for various ailments. The careful selection of ingredients, alongside specifically controlled preparation methods, amplifies their health benefits. As Parpati continues to be utilized in modern Ayurvedic practice, it exemplifies the integration of ancient wisdom with contemporary therapeutic needs, ensuring its prominence in holistic health management.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Parpati Kalpana and its significance in Ayurveda?

Parpati Kalpana is a formulation method in Ayurveda, primarily involving metals and minerals. It offers therapeutic benefits with less toxicity and is effective for various ailments, including gastrointestinal disorders and skin diseases.

How is Tamra Parpati prepared and what are its ingredients?

Tamra Parpati is prepared by triturating Shudhita Parada and Shudhita Gandhaka to create Kajjali, which is then mixed with Tamra Bhasma and Shuditha Vatsanbha, heated, and cooled to form thin wafers.

What are the main benefits of using Parpati Rasayana?

Parpati Rasayana is known for its high therapeutic value, potency, and cost-effectiveness. It is less toxic compared to other formulations and can be used in managing conditions from pediatric to geriatric populations.

What are the different types of Parpati Kalpana based on ingredients?

Parpati Kalpana types vary depending on their ingredients, such as Lauh Parpati (with metals), Bala Parpati (with herbal extracts), and Kushtagna Parpati (for skin disorders), each tailored to specific therapeutic needs.

What precautions should be observed during Parpati preparation?

During Parpati preparation, avoid high heat and ensure ghee is applied to the pans. Press Kajjali immediately after transferring to maintain its consistency and to obtain the desired product quality.

What conditions can Tamra Parpati help treat effectively?

Tamra Parpati is effective for treating Rajayakshma (tuberculosis), Yakruth Roga (liver diseases), and Kushta (skin diseases) among others, particularly when combined with appropriate herbal vehicles or Anupanas for enhanced efficacy.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review of parpati kalpana w.s.r to tamra parpati”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Parpati:
Parpatis refers to various preparations derived from the process of making Parpati in Ayurveda. Each type maintains distinct properties and therapeutic modalities, illustrating the diversity within Ayurvedic formulations and the comprehensive nature of traditional medical knowledge.

2) Kajjali:
Kajjali is a semi-solid state of parada and gandhaka, resulting from their thorough grinding. This preparation is crucial in creating parpati and other medicated forms. Kajjali serves as an essential base that enables the effective absorption of the medicinal benefits of its ingredients in various therapeutic applications.

3) Parada:
Parada, or mercury, is a key ingredient in Rasashastra, an ancient Indian science of alchemy and medicine. It is known for its unique therapeutic properties and is believed to possess healing capabilities when properly processed and combined with specific herbs and minerals, contributing significantly to the efficacy of many Ayurvedic formulations.

4) Rasa (Rasha):
In the context of Ayurveda, 'Rasa' refers to taste and the fundamental properties of a substance that influence health. It holds significance in understanding the effects of different herbs and minerals on the body, guiding practitioners in prescribing appropriate therapies based on a patient's constitution and ailments.

5) Kalpana:
Kalpanas denote specific formulations or combinations of ingredients in Ayurveda. Recognizing Kalpanas allows practitioners to tailor treatments based on individual needs, emphasizing the importance of personalization in achieving effective health outcomes.

6) Tamra:
Tamra, or copper, is recognized as an essential metal in Ayurvedic medicine. It is frequently utilized for its healing properties, particularly in preparations like Tamra Parpati. It is believed to balance doshas and contribute to immunity, making it a valuable component in various therapeutic contexts.

7) Roga:
In Ayurvedic terminology, 'Roga' refers to diseases or disorders. Understanding the types, symptoms, and causes of different Rogas is fundamental for developing treatment plans incorporating herbal formulations, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle recommendations tailored to restore balance and health in individuals.

8) Paka:
Paka describes the cooking or heating process involved in preparing Ayurvedic medicines. The nature of Paka—whether it is mild (Mridu), moderate (Madhyama), or severe (Khara)—significantly impacts the properties of the final product, dictating its suitability for various health conditions and determining its therapeutic value.

9) Gandhaka (Gamdhaka):
Gandhaka, or sulfur, is an integral ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations. It enhances the therapeutic effects of medicines when combined correctly. Gandhaka is valued for its detoxifying properties, and its role in Rasashastra is pivotal as it contributes to the efficacy of many preparations, including Parpati.

10) Patra:
In the context of drug preparation, 'Patra' refers to leaves or containers used for making Ayurvedic medicines. Specific leaves like Kadali or Eranda provide essential properties that enhance the formulation. They play a significant role in the final product and determine its therapeutic qualifications and characteristics.

11) Kadali:
Kadali refers to the banana plant and its leaves, often used in Ayurvedic medicine preparation and applications. The leaves serve as a medium for spreading and cooling molten herbal mixtures, imparting beneficial properties that enhance the treatment's effectiveness while providing a natural, eco-friendly alternative in the preparation process.

12) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayanas represent rejuvenative therapies in Ayurveda that enhance health and longevity. These preparations are focused on optimizing bodily functions and supporting holistic well-being, emphasizing the importance of preventive care and maintenance of health.

13) Ratti:
Ratti is an ancient Indian unit of weight commonly used in herbal medicine. In Ayurveda, precise measurements are essential for creating effective formulations. The dosage is crucial for ensuring the efficacy and safety of medications, influencing treatment outcomes and patient well-being.

14) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya translates to 'medicine' in Sanskrit, covering the spectrum of herbal remedies and therapeutic practices in Ayurveda. It emphasizes the significance of proper formulations, preparation methods, and applications tailored to address various health issues and promote overall wellness.

15) Medicine:
The medicine signifies various therapeutic substances and formulations utilized in Ayurveda. This encompasses herbal mixtures, mineral preparations, and alchemical processes aimed at restoring health and balance, demonstrating the diverse nature of treatments available in traditional practices.

16) Prayoga:
Prayoga refers to the application or the way a particular Ayurvedic preparation or formulation is used in practice. Understanding the correct Prayoga is essential for maximizing the therapeutic effects of medicines, ensuring that treatments align with the specific needs of individuals or ailments.

17) Disease:
Disease describes any condition that disrupts normal bodily functions, leading to discomfort or illness. In Ayurveda, recognizing the underlying causes and unique characteristics of various diseases is critical for developing appropriate treatment strategies that aim to restore balance and promote healing.

18) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is the ancient Indian science of alchemy and medicine that focuses on the therapeutic applications of metals, minerals, and herbs. It aims to enhance and refine medicinal properties through specific processing techniques, providing valuable insights into developing potent Ayurvedic remedies.

19) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India rich in cultural heritage and traditional practices, including Ayurveda. The area is known for its contributions to Ayurvedic medicine and the preservation of ancient texts and practices, providing valuable insights into the historical and contemporary practices of healing.

20) Substance:
Substances encompass all materials utilized in Ayurvedic medicine, including herbs, minerals, and metals. Their correct identification and application are vital for crafting remedies that address specific conditions, demonstrating the diversity and complexity inherent in Ayurvedic treatment methodologies.

21) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra translates to 'science' or 'knowledge' in Sanskrit and signifies the foundational texts and teachings that guide Ayurvedic practices. It encompasses various disciplines within Ayurveda, providing structured methodologies for diagnosis, treatment, and the preparation of medicines.

22) Grahani:
Grahani is an Ayurvedic term for a type of gastrointestinal disorder characterized by digestive issues, including conditions like diarrhea and malabsorption. Recognizing Grahani is crucial for applying appropriate therapeutic interventions that restore digestive health and balance in the body.

23) Sevana:
Sevana means 'intake' or 'administration' of medicines in Ayurveda. Proper Sevana methods are critical for ensuring that Ayurvedic formulations are absorbed effectively by the body, involving careful consideration of dosage, timing, and the accompanying diet or lifestyle for optimal health outcomes.

24) Bandha (Bamdha):
Bandha refers to the methods of binding or connecting substances in Ayurvedic formulations. It is an essential aspect of creating effective medicines, ensuring that various ingredients work synergistically to enhance the overall therapeutic impact of the preparations.

25) Khara:
Khara denotes the 'harsh' or severe heating method during the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. This type and level of heat can influence the physical properties of the final product and its suitability for different health conditions, generally yielding medicinal forms that might be more abrasive and harder to digest.

26) Kalpa:
Kalpa signifies the comprehensive methods and formulations used in Ayurveda to create medicine. Each Kalpa has its unique processes and ingredient combinations, tailored to enhance therapeutic benefits and ensure the safe and effective use of herbal and mineral-based remedies.

27) Shri (Sr, Sri):
Shri is a Sanskrit honorific term often used to denote auspiciousness or reverence and is commonly prefixed to names of scholars and religious texts. In the context of Ayurvedic literature, it reflects respect for the teachings and the individuals contributing to the field.

28) Drug:
Drugs in the Ayurvedic context encompass a wide range of herbal, mineral, and synthetic substances used for therapeutic purposes. Their careful selection and preparation reflect the principles of Ayurveda aimed at promoting healing and overall wellness.

29) Rasaparpati (Rasa-parpati):
Rasa-parpati is a specific Ayurvedic preparation that incorporates mercury as its primary ingredient alongside other medicinal components. It exemplifies the traditional practices within Rasashastra, emphasizing the careful formulation of potent remedies designed for treating various ailments effectively.

30) Rajayakshma (Rajan-yakshma, Rajayaksma):
Rajayakshma refers to tuberculosis in Ayurvedic medicine, characterized by chronic coughing and weight loss. Recognizing and understanding Rajayakshma is vital for determining effective treatment strategies, incorporating specific formulations and lifestyle adjustments to address the disease's underlying factors.

31) Parpatika:
Parpatika is a term related to Parpati and refers to fragments formed during its preparation. It symbolizes the intricacy of Ayurvedic formulations, revealing insights into the processes and standards of quality that distinguish successful medicines from less effective ones.

32) Apathya:
Apathyas encompass items or practices that should be avoided during specific treatments to prevent adverse reactions or impeded effectiveness of medicines. This awareness is foundational in promoting patient safety and optimizing therapeutic outcomes in Ayurvedic practices.

33) Heating:
Heating is a vital process in Ayurveda used to prepare various medicines and emphasize the efficacy of ingredients. The extent and nature of heating can affect the properties and actions of the final product, determining its therapeutic applicability for different health concerns.

34) Gomaya:
Gomaya refers to cow dung, traditionally used in Ayurveda for its purifying properties in various rituals and healing practices. In medicine preparation, Gomaya serves as a base or cushion for products, contributing to their effectiveness and enhancing their therapeutic qualities.

35) Eranda (Eramda):
Eranda, or castor oil plant, is an important herb in Ayurveda recognized for its medicinal qualities. It is often employed in therapeutic treatments, possessing properties of purgation and alleviating various disorders, which makes it a valuable addition in formulations targeting digestive health.

36) Darvi:
Darvi refers to an iron pan used in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. It plays a crucial role in the melting and combination of ingredients, particularly when heat is involved, directly influencing the quality and properties of the resulting formulations.

37) Taila (Thaila):
Taila, or oil, is prominent in Ayurvedic medicine as both a base for topical applications and an internal component of various formulations. Different oils impart specific properties and benefits, and their correct use is essential for maximizing therapeutic advantages in treatments.

38) Mridu (Mrdu):
Mridu means 'gentle' or 'mild' in Sanskrit, often referring to a softer heating process applied in medicine preparation. Gentler methods preserve the qualities of ingredients better, yielding formulations that are effective while being easy to digest and less likely to cause side effects.

39) Agni:
Agni translates as 'fire' or 'heat', representing not only the literal element used for cooking and processing in Ayurveda but also metaphorically indicating digestion and metabolism. Understanding Agni’s role is fundamental for balancing doshas and formulating effective treatment plans.

40) Loha:
Loha refers to metal, essential in Rasashastra and Ayurvedic practices. Various metals are used in creating medicinal formulations and enhancing their therapeutic properties, with proper preparation transcending their toxicity and turning them into valuable health-promoting substances.

41) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, a type of clarified butter, is an essential ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations. It serves both as a medium for cooking and as a potent nourishing agent with rejuvenating properties. It enhances the absorption and efficacy of herbal formulations when adequately combined.

42) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is a well-known Ayurvedic formulation consisting of three fruits—Amalaki, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki. It is praised for its rejuvenating, detoxifying properties and aids in digestion and homeostasis, making it a staple remedy in many Ayurvedic practices.

43) Madhyama:
Madhyama indicates moderate heating in Ayurvedic medicine preparation. This level of heat is crucial for retaining the medicinal properties of ingredients while maximizing their therapeutic impact, illustrating the delicate balance required in the preparation of effective Ayurvedic formulations.

44) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Mandagni signifies reduced digestive strength in Ayurveda, often related to imbalances that affect health. Understanding Mandagni is essential in diagnosing conditions and tailoring treatment plans that improve digestion, recommending appropriate dietary changes and herbal remedies.

45) Murchana (Murcchana):
Murchana refers to the process of detoxifying and purifying metals and minerals for safe use in Ayurvedic formulations. This intricate process is essential in rendering raw materials beneficial and effective in medical treatments while mitigating toxic effects.

46) Mineral:
Minerals refer to naturally occurring inorganic elements essential to human health. In Ayurveda, they are frequently utilized in medicinal formulations, playing a vital role in therapeutic efficacy and bodily function, emphasizing the importance of sourcing and preparing these compounds appropriately.

47) Prameha:
Prameha refers to diabetes in Ayurvedic terms and encompasses a range of disorders related to excessive urination and metabolic dysfunction. Identifying and treating Prameha is vital, requiring personalized remedies and lifestyle adjustments to restore balance and health.

48) Samanya:
Samanya describes general methods or practices in Ayurveda. It encompasses standard procedures and formulations aimed at addressing broad health concerns, providing practitioners with a framework for understanding treatment principles and their applications in everyday practice.

49) Anupana:
Anupanas are the carriers or mediums used to enhance the administration of Ayurvedic medicines. They are essential in providing effective delivery of active ingredients, amplifying the benefits of the primary substances while minimizing adverse effects associated with the treatment.

50) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya signifies the astringent taste known for its drying properties and benefits in Ayurveda. Herb formulations that emphasize this taste can help balance the body's doshas, particularly in conditions characterized by excess fluid retention or dampness.

51) Pathya:
Pathya refers to the guidelines for healthy living or dietary practices that support optimal well-being in Ayurveda. Following Pathya assists individuals in maintaining balance, assisting both preventive and therapeutic aspects in health management.

52) Dravya:
Dravya translates to 'substance' in Sanskrit, signifying the various materials utilized in Ayurvedic formulations. Understanding Dravya is fundamental in selecting herbs, minerals, and components for medication that can achieve desired therapeutic outcomes efficiently.

53) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma refers to the incinerated ash of metals and minerals used in Ayurvedic medicine. This form offers potent therapeutic benefits due to its refined state, which enhances its bioavailability and efficacy in treating various ailments when processed correctly.

54) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, clarified butter, plays a pivotal role in Ayurvedic medicine. It enriches formulations, serving as both a medium for extraction and an integral component that enhances the bioavailability of active ingredients, underlining its significance in promoting health and healing.

55) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is a revered ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations, celebrated for its therapeutic properties. It acts as a natural sweetener and has various health benefits, including antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, making it suitable for numerous remedial applications.

56) Udara:
Udara refers to diseases related to the abdomen or gastrointestinal tract in Ayurveda. Understanding Udara is crucial for developing appropriate treatments focused on digestive health, guiding practitioners to address abdominal ailments holistically and effectively.

57) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna denotes the ‘hot’ quality in Ayurveda, often associated with substances or treatments that increase heat in the body. This concept revolves around balancing doshas, emphasizing careful usage of Ushna properties in aligning treatments with individual needs for optimal health.

58) Malla:
Malla refers to a specific school of thought or classification within Ayurvedic practices, often focusing on certain aspects of treatment, including formulations that derive from particular herbs or methods. Its understanding contributes to a holistic view of medicine and therapy in Ayurveda.

59) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu means anemia in Ayurveda, characterized by pallor and weakness due to blood deficiencies. Identifying and treating Pandu requires tailored herbal interventions, emphasizing the importance of nutrition and lifestyle measures in restoring health and balance.

60) Dhatu:
Dhatu represents the seven fundamental bodily tissues in Ayurveda, which include Rasa (plasma), Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle), Meda (fat), Asthi (bone), Majja (bone marrow), and Sukra (reproductive tissue). Understanding Dhatu is essential for ensuring holistic health and balance within the body.

61) Bala:
Bala refers to strength and vitality; in Ayurveda, it is often used to denote herbal preparations focused on enhancing physical and mental resilience. Recognizing methods to enhance Bala through specific treatments and lifestyle practices is key to holistic healing.

62) Amla:
Amla, or Indian gooseberry, is a vital herb in Ayurveda, known for its high vitamin C content and its antioxidant properties. Its medicinal uses are extensive, enhancing immunity and supporting digestion, reflecting its capacity to balance various doshas.

63) Jala:
Jala, meaning 'water' in Sanskrit, plays crucial roles in Ayurveda, ranging from purification processes to serving as a medium in various treatments. Understanding the importance of Jala in different forms underscores its integral part in maintaining body fluids and health.

64) Pota:
Pota signifies a vessel or container commonly used in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. Its choice is important as it can affect the quality and safety of formulations, emphasizing the significance of proper processing in Rasa shastra.

65) Sign:
Sign refers to symptoms or manifestations of diseases in Ayurveda, helping practitioners diagnose conditions effectively. Recognizing and interpreting signs contribute to comprehensive assessments, allowing targeted therapeutic interventions that address the root cause of ailments.

66) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to the abundance and quality of therapeutic properties present in Ayurvedic formulations. The richness of ingredients is crucial in ensuring their effectiveness, highlighting the importance of selecting potent substances that enhance healing outcomes.

67) Reason:
Reason is the justification or logic behind selecting specific treatments in Ayurveda. The foundation of reason ensures that practice is informed by evidence or traditional knowledge, promoting a systematic approach to health and wellness care.

68) Cow dung:
Cow dung, or Gomaya, is used traditionally in Ayurveda for its purifying properties. It acts as a base for medicine preparation and is acknowledged for its therapeutic properties, highlighting the integration of natural materials in creating effective Ayurvedic medicines.

69) Khalvayantra (Khalva-yantra):
Khalva-yantra refers to a specific grinding instrument used in Ayurveda for preparing herbal medicines. It plays a vital role in the preparation process, ensuring the thorough mixing and homogenization of ingredients, which is crucial for achieving the desired potency and effectiveness in formulations.

70) Kadalipushpa (Kadalipuspa, Kadali-pushpa):
Kadali-pushpa refers to the flower of the banana plant, often used in Ayurvedic preparations to impart beneficial qualities. Its incorporation into formulations enhances their properties, emphasizing the importance of floral components in traditional healing methods.

71) Vatapittahara (Vatapitta-hara):
Vatapittahara signifies those substances or treatments that alleviate the conditions caused by an imbalance in Vata and Pitta doshas in Ayurveda. Recognizing and incorporating Vatapittahara elements into therapies aids in restoring balance and promoting overall health.

72) Parpatirasa (Parpati-rasa):
Parpatirasa refers to the medicinal forms derived from Parpati processes, emphasizing its key role in Rasashastra. This delineation illustrates the various outcomes produced through particular formulations and processes, helping to define its place within Ayurvedic practices.

73) Erandapatra (Eranda-patra):
Eranda-patra refers to the leaves of the castor oil plant, valued for their medicinal properties in Ayurveda. They are utilized in various therapeutic contexts, particularly in preparations aimed at improving digestion and detoxification through their inherent qualities.

74) Tamrabhasma (Tamra-bhasma):
Tamra-bhasma is the incinerated form of copper, recognized for its therapeutic benefits in Ayurveda. It illustrates the alchemical process of transforming metals into safe and effective medicinal forms, playing a vital role in enhancing health and treating various ailments.

75) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis, or Rajayakshma in Ayurveda, is characterized by chronic infection primarily affecting the lungs. Recognizing this disease is crucial for implementing targeted treatments using Ayurvedic formulations that can address the specific symptoms and underlying causes.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 151]

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