Benzimidazole-triazole hybrids with diverse biological activities

a systematic review

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Benzimidazole-triazole hybrids with diverse biological activities
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a systematic review

Original source:

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Author:

Nahana C. P., Shadiya C. K., Akash Marathakam and Vajid P. K.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Benzimidazole-triazole hybrids with diverse biological activities

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20243-31243


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Benzimidazole and triazole are significant heterocyclic compounds that have demonstrated a diverse array of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, anticancer, and antiviral effects. This review focuses on the molecular hybridization of these two classes to create benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, which may possess enhanced pharmacological properties. By uniting these pharmacologically active moieties into one structure, researchers aim to leverage the unique attributes of each compound to develop new therapeutic agents for various diseases.

The Power of Hybridization

Molecular hybridization is a strategic approach in drug design that involves linking two or more small molecules to form a hybrid compound. This method has shown promise in improving pharmacological efficacy. The review discusses the various synthesis methods utilized to construct benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, detailing reaction pathways for each moiety. These hybrid compounds can exhibit synergistic effects, resulting in improved activities against diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and fungal infections.

Anticancer Activity of Benzimidazole-Triazole Hybrids

The review highlights the anticancer potential of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, emphasizing their capability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. For instance, certain hybrids synthesized by researchers demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines, including lung and breast cancer cells, with promising IC50 values. Experimental methods such as flow cytometry and molecular docking studies were employed to understand the mechanisms by which these compounds interact with cancer cells, providing insights into their apoptotic effects and the potential for their development as targeted therapies.

Antidiabetic and Antifungal Applications

Additionally, the review explores the utility of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids in managing diabetes mellitus. The hybrids were evaluated for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, with some compounds exhibiting potent inhibition surpassing that of established drugs like acarbose. Further, the antifungal activity of these compounds was assessed against pathogenic fungi, with some derivatives showing effective inhibition comparable to known antifungal agents. This highlights the versatility of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids in addressing both metabolic and infectious diseases.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the systematic review underscores the importance of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids in modern medicinal chemistry. The synthesis of these compounds showcases their broad potential for various therapeutic applications, namely in anticancer, antidiabetic, and antifungal treatments. This research not only paves the way for the development of new pharmacological agents but also opens avenues for further exploration of their mechanisms and activities, thereby contributing valuable insights into drug design and efficacy.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are benzimidazole and triazole hybrid compounds used for?

Benzimidazole and triazole hybrids exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, anticancer, and antiviral effects, making them valuable in the pharmaceutical field.

How are benzimidazole and triazole hybrids synthesized?

The synthesis involves coupling benzimidazole and triazole using various chemical reactions, such as Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition and other methods involving functional group transformations to create effective hybrid compounds.

What biological activities do these hybrids demonstrate?

Hybrids of benzimidazole and triazole show significant activities against cancer, diabetes, fungi, and inhibit tyrosinase, indicating their potential in treating diverse diseases.

What is the significance of molecular hybridization in drug design?

Molecular hybridization allows for the design of compounds that combine multiple pharmacologically active molecules into one structure, potentially enhancing their therapeutic efficacy and expanding drug action.

Why is the study of these hybrids important?

Studying benzimidazole and triazole hybrids is crucial for discovering new drugs that offer improved efficacy and reduced side effects for treating serious health conditions, including various infections and cancer.

Can you name specific compounds derived from these hybrids?

Notable derivatives include Omeprazole, Fluconazole, and Letrozole, which exemplify the effective use of benzimidazole and triazole in drug formulations for various therapeutic applications.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Benzimidazole-triazole hybrids with diverse biological activities”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
Activity refers to the potential of a compound or substance to produce a desired effect, particularly in pharmacology. In the context of the review, various benzimidazole-triazole hybrids demonstrate different biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. Understanding these activities is essential for drug development.

2) Cancer:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division, leading to the formation of tumors. The review emphasizes the significance of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids as promising candidates for anticancer agents, highlighting their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and their potential to combat various forms of cancer.

3) Drug:
Drugs are substances used for medical purposes to modify physiological functions. In the context of the review, the emphasis is on the development of new drugs derived from benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, showcasing their wide range of pharmacological activities beneficial for addressing various health conditions.

4) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drugs and their interactions within biological systems. The review focuses on the pharmacological properties of synthesized benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, illustrating how these compounds can exhibit various therapeutic benefits, thereby enhancing their applicability in treating multiple diseases.

5) Line:
In a medical context, line refers to a sequence or type of treatment. 'First line therapy' denotes the initial standard treatment for a specific disease. The review mentions chemotherapy as a common first-line treatment for cancer, urging the exploration of new compounds to improve patient outcomes.

6) Disease:
Diseases refer to pathological conditions affecting the body that can impair normal functioning. The review identifies several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and infections, as crucial targets for the newly synthesized benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, reinforcing the need for innovative therapeutic solutions.

7) Species:
Species refers to a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing viable offspring. The review discusses antimicrobial efficacy against various species of pathogens and highlights how the newly synthesized benzimidazole-triazole hybrids can target specific bacterial and fungal species, thereby enhancing treatment effectiveness.

8) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the systematic investigation discussed in the review concerning the synthesis and evaluation of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids. It encompasses research focused on their pharmacological activities, providing insights into their potential applications for treating various diseases.

9) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. The review mentions chemotherapy as a common therapeutic strategy for cancer and emphasizes the need for new drugs with improved efficacy and lower toxicity to enhance patient care.

10) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
An antibiotic is a substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The focus on developing new compounds in the review highlights the ongoing need for effective antibiotics, particularly in light of rising antibiotic resistance and the importance of innovative solutions in modern medicine.

11) Water:
Water plays a vital role in biological processes and is often used as a solvent in chemical reactions. In the synthesis processes described in the review, water is utilized as a solvent, indicating its importance in medicinal chemistry and the preparation of new pharmacological compounds.

12) Hand:
The term hand could refer to the methodology and precision required in laboratory practices for synthesizing compounds. In the context of the review, skilled handling in the laboratory is essential for achieving successful results in the synthesis and evaluation of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids.

13) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often affecting the lungs. The review recognizes that certain benzimidazole-triazole hybrids could offer therapeutic benefits against tuberculosis, showcasing the importance of developing effective treatments for this persistent global health challenge.

14) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, indicating the body's attempt to heal. The review highlights the potential of certain benzimidazole-triazole compounds to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, paving the way for novel treatments targeting inflammatory diseases.

15) Calculation:
Calculation in a scientific context involves quantitative assessment to understand the efficacy and activity of compounds. The review would imply calculations related to IC50 values and other metrics to evaluate the pharmacological effectiveness of synthesized benzimidazole-triazole hybrids.

16) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm organisms. The review evaluates the toxicity profiles of the synthesized benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, ensuring that new drugs not only exhibit efficacy but also maintain a safe profile to minimize adverse effects in patients.

17) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the comprehensive pursuit of knowledge through research and experimentation. The review discusses various scientific methodologies employed in synthesizing and evaluating the pharmacological activities of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, showcasing their potential in addressing health-related challenges.

18) Harkala:
Harkala refers to a cited author whose work contributes to the research discussed in the review. Their studies are likely fundamental in evaluating the anticancer and antibacterial activities of newly synthesized benzimidazole-triazole derivatives, enhancing the collective understanding of these hybrids.

19) Surface:
In the context of biochemistry, surface often pertains to the interaction between compounds and biological targets. The review could involve the study of surface interactions between synthesized benzimidazole-triazole hybrids and their pharmacological targets, optimizing their efficacy in therapeutic applications.

20) Aureus:
Aureus refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium commonly associated with infections. The review discusses the antibacterial potential of synthesized compounds against Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the significance of developing new therapeutics to combat this pathogen effectively.

21) Field:
Field references a specific area of study or practice. In the context of the review, it relates to medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, focusing on the synthesis and evaluation of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids for therapeutic applications, indicating the dynamic nature of drug discovery.

22) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen in the body. The review potentially emphasizes compounds that target blood-related diseases, particularly in the context of systemic drug efficacy and the pharmacological action of synthesized benzimidazole-triazole hybrids.

23) Goud:
Goud refers to an author noted in the review, whose research on benzimidazole-triazole hybrids elucidates their anticancer properties. Their contributions add credibility to the body of work pertaining to the synthesis and pharmacological assessment of these promising compounds.

24) Hair:
Hair in this context relates to melanogenesis, the process influenced by tyrosinase in the skin and hair. The review discusses the synthesis of compounds that may inhibit tyrosinase, hence potentially addressing cosmetic issues related to pigmentation and providing anti-hyperpigmentation solutions.

25) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom often associated with various diseases and conditions. The review may touch upon the potential analgesic activities of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, providing insights into their multifaceted therapeutic profiles in addressing painful conditions and improving quality of life.

26) Salt (Salty):
In a biochemical context, salt can refer to ionic compounds crucial for various cellular functions. The review suggests the involvement of specific salts in reacting to synthesize benzimidazole-triazole hybrids, underscoring its role in chemical reactions aiming for effective pharmacological compounds.

27) Tapi:
DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a fluorescent stain used widely for labeling DNA in microscopy. The review may involve the use of DAPI in assays to visualize nuclear changes in cancer cells treated with synthesized hybrids, thereby aiding in assessing apoptotic activity.

28) Life:
Life describes the condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, signifying growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. The review illustrates how the development of new benzimidazole-triazole hybrids aims to enhance life quality by providing innovative treatments for various diseases.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Benzimidazole-triazole hybrids with diverse biological activities’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Pharmacological activities, Pharmacological activity, In vitro, Anticancer activity, Antidiabetic activity, Antifungal activity, Anti-cancer activity, Pharmacological action, Synergistic effect, Antibiotic resistance, IC50 value, Anti-diabetic activity, Cancer cell line, Anti fungal activity, Pharmacological modification, Molecular docking studies, Molecular hybridization.

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