Synthesis, spectral study, and antimicrobial screening of new amides.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Synthesis, spectral study, antimicrobial screening of newly synthesised amides and piperazines molecules
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Neha C. Bhoraniya, Heena K. Patel, Priyanka Pankhaniya, Dhruva U. Dave and Dipak M. Purohit
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Synthesis, spectral study, antimicrobial screening of newly synthesised amides and piperazines molecules
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research article focuses on the synthesis, spectral study, and antimicrobial screening of newly synthesized compounds, specifically N-arylamino-5-chloropentanamides and piperazine derivatives. These compounds were synthesized by reacting 5-chloropentanoyl chloride with various aryl amines. Characterization of the chemical structures was performed using various spectral techniques, including 1H-NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry. The study emphasizes the biological significance of piperazine and amide derivatives, highlighting their relevance in pharmaceuticals and agriculture due to their diverse biological activities.
Synthesis and Characterization of Compounds
The synthesis of the compounds involved two primary series: N-arylamino-5-chloropentanamides (3a-3j) and 1-{4’-[4’’-(N-aryl amidopentoxy) phenyl] piperazin-1’-yl}-ethanones (5a-5j). The preparation of these compounds utilized analytical-grade reagents without additional purification and monitored through thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Detailed techniques such as mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and 1H-NMR were employed for structural confirmation. The yields for the synthesized compounds varied, indicating the efficiency of the synthesis methods used.
Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
The antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized compounds was assessed using the cup-plate method, evaluating their effectiveness against several microbial strains, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. The compounds were compared with standard drugs such as Streptomycin and Tetracycline. Notably, the results demonstrated that many synthesized compounds exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity, with some compounds showing better efficacy than the standard drugs at the same concentration.
Comparative Analysis with Standard Drugs
The ITable 6 in the article provides a comparative analysis of the synthesized compounds alongside known standard drugs. This comparison reveals that several compounds, specifically 3a, 3b, and 5b, showed enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Similarly, certain compounds exhibited moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains, suggesting their potential as effective antimicrobial agents in medicinal applications.
Conclusion
The study concludes that the synthesized N-arylamino-5-chloropentanamides and piperazine derivatives possess significant antimicrobial properties, demonstrating potential applications in treating bacterial and fungal infections. The compounds were confirmed through various analytical techniques, and their activities were comparable to existing standard drugs. The results underscore the promise that these newly synthesized compounds hold for future pharmaceutical development, advocating further research into their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the objective of the study conducted by Dipak et al.?
The study aimed to synthesize new derivatives of amides and piperazines, evaluate their antimicrobial activity, and compare the results with standard drugs using various methods, including the cup-plate method.
What methods were used to confirm the structures of synthesized compounds?
The synthesized compounds' structures were confirmed using 1H-NMR, IR, and mass spectral analysis, ensuring accurate identification and characterization of the new molecules.
Which bacteria and fungi were tested for antimicrobial activity?
Antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris, and the fungus Aspergillus niger.
What were the main findings regarding antibacterial activity?
The synthesized compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to standard drugs. Notably, compounds such as 3a, 3b, and 5a showed promising results.
How were the synthesized compounds characterized?
Characterization of the synthesized compounds was performed using spectral analysis, including techniques like TLC, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy for accurate structural confirmation.
What conclusion was drawn from the antimicrobial screening results?
The study concluded that several synthesized compounds demonstrated good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria compared to standard antimicrobial agents.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Synthesis, spectral study, and antimicrobial screening of new amides.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' refers to the functional capacity or effectiveness of a compound, particularly in a biological context. In this study, it is primarily used to denote the antimicrobial actions of newly synthesized chemical compounds against specific bacterial and fungal strains, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications in medicine.
2) Drug:
The plural form of 'Drug', 'Drugs' refers to multiple substances that can be used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. The research evaluated not only the newly synthesized compounds but also compared their efficacy with existing standard drugs, underscoring the importance of drug discovery in addressing infectious diseases.
3) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
'Anti-bacterial' is an adjective describing a substance that combats bacteria. This term is crucial to the research findings, as the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial properties, aiming to combat resistant bacterial strains and enhance treatments for infections, making it vital for public health.
4) Table:
In the context of this study, a 'Table' presents data systematically, allowing easy comparison and analysis of the properties and activities of the synthesized compounds. Tables are essential in scientific research for illustrating results, such as antimicrobial activities and physical characteristics, facilitating clearer understanding and communication of findings.
5) Aureus:
The term 'Aureus', particularly referring to Staphylococcus aureus, designates a specific strain of bacteria known for causing various infections, including skin and respiratory infections. Its significance in the research lies in demonstrating the effectiveness of synthesized compounds against clinically relevant pathogens, highlighting the compounds' potential use as antibiotics.
6) Science (Scientific):
'Science' is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions. This research falls within the realm of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences, contributing to the understanding of new compounds' synthesis and their application in developing antimicrobials for human health.
7) Shri (Sr, Sri):
'Shree' is a respectful term in Indian culture, often used as an honorific prefix. In the context of this study, it denotes the institution 'Shree M. & N. Virani Science College', reflecting its significance as the location where the research was conducted and highlighting the academic study's institutional backing.
8) Agriculture:
'Agriculture' refers to the science and practice of farming, including the cultivation of plants and livestock. The study's relevance to agriculture includes potential applications of synthesized compounds as pesticides or antimicrobial agents, emphasizing the broader implications of chemical research beyond the pharmaceutical realm.
9) Gujarat:
'Gujarat' is a state in India where the research was conducted. Mentioning the location highlights the regional focus of the study, linking it to the local academic and scientific community, and showcasing India's contributions to global pharmaceutical advances and research development.
10) India:
'India' is a country in South Asia, known for its rich heritage in various academic fields, including chemistry and pharmacology. The inclusion of 'India' indicates the geographical and contextual significance of the research, emphasizing the nation's active role in scientific advancements and education.
11) Study (Studying):
The word 'Study' denotes the systematic investigation of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions. In the context of this research, it highlights the process of exploring the synthesis and antimicrobial properties of new compounds, contributing to the body of knowledge in pharmaceutical science.
12) Road:
'Road' in this context likely refers to 'Kalawad Road', the location of Shree M. & N. Virani Science College. It emphasizes the physical setting of the research and contextualizes it within the local infrastructure, providing a sense of place for understanding the institution associated with the study.
13) Purification:
'Purification' refers to the process of removing impurities from a substance. In the synthesis of chemical compounds, purification techniques ensure the compounds are of sufficient quality and efficacy for biological testing, playing a key role in validating the reliability of the research results.
14) Saurashtra (Saurastra):
'Saurashtra' is a region in the state of Gujarat, India. Its mention in the study provides geographical context, indicating where the academic institution is located and highlighting the local academic environment that contributes to research and higher learning in science and technology.
15) Discussion:
The term 'Discussion' refers to a section of a research paper where results are interpreted, implications are drawn, and comparisons are made with existing literature. In this study, it facilitates understanding the significance of findings related to compound activities and their potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
16) Surface:
'Surface' can refer to the surface area of molecules which impacts their reactivity and bioavailability. In the context of this study, understanding the surface characteristics of synthesized compounds is important for analyzing their interactions with biological systems and potential effectiveness as antimicrobial agents.
17) Dhruva:
'Dhruva' is a name and in this context represents one of the authors, denoting their contribution to the research. Recognizing individual contributors is essential in academic work, acknowledging the collaborative efforts in the synthesis, analysis, and documentation of research findings in the field of chemistry.
18) Cancer:
'Cancer' is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The mention of cancer is significant in the study as it underscores the potential therapeutic applications of the synthesized compounds, indicating that some may have anti-cancer properties along with other biological activities.
19) Purity:
'Purity' relates to the absence of contaminants in a material. In the context of synthesizing new compounds, a high purity level is essential to ensure accurate results during biological testing, as impurities can affect the reliability of antimicrobial activity evaluations and influence overall findings.
20) Patel:
'Patel' is a common surname in India and denotes one of the researchers involved in the study. Acknowledging the researchers helps to outline the collaborative nature of the work, highlighting the contributions of various individuals in advancing the field of pharmaceutical chemistry.
21) Glass:
'Glass' in this study likely refers to glassware used in laboratory settings for experiments. It underscores the importance of laboratory equipment in conducting chemical synthesis and analysis, emphasizing the precise nature of the experimental work that took place during the research process.
22) Water:
'Water' is essential in countless chemical processes, often used as a solvent in synthesizing compounds. In the context of this study, the reference to water emphasizes its role in certain reactions and purification stages, highlighting its importance in the overall synthesis and analysis of new chemical entities.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Synthesis, spectral study, and antimicrobial screening of new amides.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antibacterial activity, Antimicrobial activity, Zone of inhibition, Biological Activity, Cup Plate Method, Mass spectrometry, Yield percentage, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, Solvent system, Analytical grade chemicals, Melting point, Infrared spectroscopy, Bioactive compound, Anti fungal activity, Spectral analysis.