Formulation of zingiberene loaded microparticles for extended release

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation of zingiberene loaded microparticles for extended release
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Ravina Vashisth, Deepak Basedia and Balkrishna Dubey


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Formulation of zingiberene loaded microparticles for extended release

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20232-26979


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Zingiberene, a monocyclic sesquiterpene primarily found in ginger oil, exhibits significant antioxidant properties and various pharmacological actions. However, its therapeutic utility is restricted by a short half-life of approximately 3.5 hours. The objective of this research was to enhance the bioavailability and half-life of zingiberene by encapsulating it in polymeric microparticles, thereby promoting a sustained release mechanism. By utilizing methods such as column chromatography and polymer emulsification, the study aimed to optimize the formulation for improved drug delivery.

Optimization of Microparticle Formulation

The formulation of zingiberene-loaded microparticles was optimized through systematic experiments that evaluated variables such as stirring time, speed, and surfactant concentration. The study found that a polymer concentration of 10% w/v Eudragit RL 100 produced denser microspheres that were spherical and of optimal size. A stirring time of 5 minutes at a speed of 500 rpm was determined to be ideal for creating the desired particle characteristics. The yield of zingiberene-loaded microspheres was recorded at 74%, with an average particle size of 37 ± 1.8 µm, demonstrating the effectiveness of the optimization methods employed.

Drug Loading and Entrapment Efficiency

The encapsulation of zingiberene in the microparticles yielded a drug loading percentage of 6%, with an entrapment efficiency of 66%. These values reflect the successful incorporation of zingiberene within the polymeric matrix, ensuring that a significant amount of the drug is retained for gradual release. The characterization of the microspheres confirmed these efficiencies, which are crucial for maintaining the pharmacological effects of zingiberene over an extended period.

In Vitro Release Kinetics

In vitro studies demonstrated a sustained release profile of zingiberene from the microparticles, with approximately 63% of the drug being released over a 10-hour period in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4. The release kinetics were evaluated using various mathematical models, identifying that the release predominantly followed Higuchi'smodel, indicative of diffusion-controlled release mechanisms. This finding suggests that the formulated microparticles can effectively prolong the release of zingiberene, addressing the challenges posed by its short half-life.

Conclusion

The study successfully established that encapsulating zingiberene in polymeric microspheres can significantly enhance its half-life and bioavailability. This innovative approach not only improves the antioxidant potential of zingiberene but also holds promise for its therapeutic applications. The resultant microspheres demonstrate an efficient release mechanism, making this method a valuable strategy for the development of extended-release drug formulations in pharmaceutical research.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the main goal of the research on zingiberene?

The primary objective was to encapsulate zingiberene in polymeric microparticles to improve its half-life, thereby enhancing its therapeutic and antioxidant potential.

How was zingiberene isolated from ginger oil?

Zingiberene was isolated from ginger oil using a column chromatography technique with hexane-diethyl ether (97:3, v/v) as the eluting solvent.

What was the yield of the zingiberene loaded microspheres?

The yield of the zingiberene-loaded dried microspheres was found to be 74%, indicating efficient encapsulation of the drug.

What was the average particle size of zingiberene microparticles?

The average particle size of the zingiberene-loaded microparticles was measured to be 37 ± 1.8 µm.

How much zingiberene was loaded in the microspheres?

The percentage of zingiberene drug loading in the microparticles was calculated to be 6%, with an entrapment efficiency of 66%.

What does the in vitro release study indicate about zingiberene?

The in vitro release study suggested a sustained release of zingiberene from the microparticles, with approximately 63% drug released over 10 hours.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Formulation of zingiberene loaded microparticles for extended release”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
Chemical substances used for medical purposes, including diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases. In this research, the focus on drugs like zingiberene emphasizes the significance of formulating effective drug delivery systems, which enhance therapeutic outcomes for various conditions.

2) Water:
An essential solvent in which many biochemical reactions occur and is crucial for various laboratory procedures. In drug formulation, water is used as a medium for emulsification and as a component to assess the drug release characteristics. Its properties influence the solubility and stability of the drug.

3) Life:
The biological duration for which a molecule or drug remains effective in the body. Zingiberene's short half-life impacts its therapeutic effectiveness; thus, improving its life through microparticle formulation is significant to extend its antioxidant effects and reduce frequency of dosages for patients.

4) Study (Studying):
Refers to the specific research undertaken in this article, focusing on formulating zingiberene-loaded microparticles. It encompasses the methodologies employed, results obtained, and discussions made, illustrating the significance of the findings in enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of zingiberene.

5) Medium:
In pharmaceutical formulations, a medium often refers to the environment or solution in which a drug is released or dissolved. The phosphate buffer medium used for the in vitro drug release of zingiberene aids in simulating physiological conditions to predict how the drug behaves in the human body.

6) Glass:
Material commonly used in laboratory settings, particularly for equipment like columns or containers. In the context of this study, glass is relevant in chromatography procedures and other methods requiring transparent and inert vessels to facilitate observations during experiments without interference from the container.

7) Zingiber officinale:
The scientific name for ginger, a plant whose oil is the source of zingiberene, the main compound being studied. Understanding its origin is vital, as it provides context regarding the natural properties, potential health benefits, and importance of zingiberene in therapeutic applications.

8) India:
The country where the research was conducted. India's botanical diversity and traditional medicinal knowledge provide a rich backdrop for studies like this one, exploring natural compounds such as zingiberene, which play a significant role in alternative medicine and pharmacology.

9) Human body:
The biological system in which drugs exert their therapeutic effects. This study’s goal is to enhance the half-life of zingiberene, a compound intended for human use. Understanding its behavior within the human body helps in optimizing drug formulations for improved health outcomes.

10) New Delhi:
The capital city of India where some of the materials and reagents for the study were procured. Knowledge of the location offers insights into the availability of natural products and pharmaceutical resources necessary for research in the context of local health practices.

11) Pharmacological:
Pertaining to the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and actions of drugs. The pharmacological properties of zingiberene are crucial in this research to evaluate its efficacy and safety as a therapeutic agent, highlighting its potential antioxidant benefits.

12) Purification:
The process of removing impurities from substances to obtain a pure product. In this study, the purification of zingiberene from ginger oil is essential to ensure that the drug’s quality and potency are preserved during formulation into microspheres for therapeutic use.

13) Discussion:
A section of the article that interprets the results and links them to existing knowledge. The discussion adds critical depth to the research findings, analyzing the implications on the use of zingiberene in therapeutic applications and its potential impact on future studies.

14) Pouring:
The act of transferring liquids, often used in laboratory techniques. In this study, pouring is significant during the emulsification process for microparticle formulation, where controlled pouring ensures proper mixing between phases, influencing the resultant particle size and drug encapsulation.

15) Delhi:
Refers to an important city, representing a hub for research and pharmaceutical development in India. It underscores the geographical context of the study, enriching the understanding of regional contributions to global pharmaceutical research and the herbal medicine sector.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Formulation of zingiberene loaded microparticles for extended release’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Zingiber officinale, Particle size, Sustained release, Organoleptic properties, Column chromatography, HPLC Method, Microscopic Analysis, UV-Spectroscopy, In vitro drug release, Microsphere.

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