Overview of abutilon indicum
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Overview of abutilon indicum
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Ragunathan Muthusamy, Nihala M., Priya Dharshini R., Vidhya Dharani M., Vigneswari R.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Overview of abutilon indicum
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20234-27288
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Abutilon indicum, commonly known as Indian mallow or thuthi, is a tropical and subtropical shrub that belongs to the Malvaceae family. It is recognized for its medicinal properties and is integral to traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and Unani. Various parts of the plant, including leaves, roots, and seeds, possess therapeutic attributes, making it valuable for treating ailments like diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and infections. The plant exhibits significant pharmacological activities, which have been confirmed through numerous scientific studies.
Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Activities
One of the most notable properties of Abutilon indicum is its hypoglycemic effect. Research indicates that aqueous leaf extracts have been shown to significantly lower blood sugar levels in both normal and severely diabetic rats. This antidiabetic effect is associated with reduced nutrient absorption and protective action against hepatotoxic compounds. Consequently, Abutilon indicum is being explored as a potential natural remedy for diabetes, emphasizing its role in managing blood glucose levels and promoting overall metabolic health.
Chemical Composition and Extracts
Abutilon indicum is rich in various chemical constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities. The leaf, seed, and root extracts contain essential oils and fatty acids, specifically β-sitosterol, gallic acid, and vernic acid among others. These compounds are responsible for the plant's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which further validate its traditional uses in folk medicine for treating a wide range of health issues, including infections and skin ailments.
Ethnobotanical Significance
The ethnobotanical studies reflect that almost all parts of Abutilon indicum are utilized for medicinal purposes across India, the Philippines, and parts of Indochina. Traditionally, the plant's roots serve as a remedy for fever and lumbago, while the leaves can treat oral ailments like toothaches and dysuria associated with gonorrhea. The seeds are frequently employed as a laxative and for other digestive issues. These traditional usage patterns highlight the plant's significance in cultural practices and its therapeutic potential, rooted in centuries of herbal medicine history.
Conclusion
In summary, Abutilon indicum is a versatile medicinal plant with a rich therapeutic profile that encompasses hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Its diverse chemical constituents enhance its value in folkloric medicine and pharmacological research, establishing it as a vital component in traditional healing systems. The ongoing studies on this plant may pave the way for new therapeutic agents, demonstrating its importance not just in traditional practices but also in modern medicinal applications. The plant’s utilization, supported by scientific validation, underlines the need for continued research and exploration of its full medicinal potential.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What medicinal uses does Abutilon indicum have in traditional medicine?
Abutilon indicum is used for treating various ailments including fever, diabetes, and urinary issues. Its leaves and roots have properties like anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic, making it beneficial for conditions such as cough, arthritis, and diarrhoea.
What are the key chemical constituents found in Abutilon indicum?
Abutilon indicum contains saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and essential oils. Important compounds include beta-sitosterol, caffeic acid, and various fatty acids that contribute to its therapeutic effects.
How does Abutilon indicum contribute to diabetic treatment?
Research indicates that aqueous leaf extracts of Abutilon indicum significantly reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. It may also inhibit nutrient absorption, contributing to its anti-diabetic effects.
What pharmacological activities have been observed with Abutilon indicum?
Abutilon indicum shows anti-cancer, anti-mycotic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities. It also exhibits anti-diabetic, diuretic, and analgesic properties, making it a versatile medicinal plant.
What parts of Abutilon indicum are used in herbal preparations?
Various parts including leaves, seeds, roots, and flowers are utilized. Leaf powder is commonly used in Ayurvedic formulations while seeds are extracted for their oil, which has multiple medicinal applications.
Are there any precautions associated with using Abutilon indicum?
It is advised to consult a physician before using Abutilon indicum, especially during pregnancy or in individuals with heart disease or diabetes due to potential side effects.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Overview of abutilon indicum”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
In the context of pharmacology and herbal medicine, 'activity' refers to the physiological effects produced by a substance or compound, often evaluated in clinical or experimental settings. For example, the leaves of Abutilon indicum exhibit various biological activities such as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory, which are useful for treatment purposes.
2) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids, as a class of compounds, are derived from plant pigments and are widely recognized for their benefits in human health. They exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Research on flavonoids includes exploring their roles in traditional herbal medicine, such as usage in Abutilon indicum, and their effects on various diseases.
3) Indian:
The term 'Indian' primarily refers to something originating from India, encompassing its rich cultural heritage, traditional medicinal practices, and biodiversity. In the context of herbal medicine, it underscores the significance of plants like Abutilon indicum within India's historical medicinal frameworks such as Ayurveda and Siddha.
4) Beta:
Beta typically refers to a type of compound or molecule classified in many scientific contexts, especially in biochemical studies. In pharmacology and phytochemistry, beta-sitosterol, for instance, is a notable phytosterol that exhibits various bioactivities, contributing to health benefits and possibly aiding in medicinal formulations derived from plants.
5) Powder:
Powder signifies a finely ground form of substances and is commonly used in herbal formulation for administration. In traditional medicine, such as the usage of Abutilon indicum, powdered forms are utilized for easy incorporation in teas, capsules, or topical ointments, enhancing the bioavailability of the active compounds.
6) India:
India is a country rich in biodiversity and a deep-rooted history of traditional medicine practices. With over 5000 years of herbal medicine traditions, India plays a significant role in the exploration and application of various medicinal plants, including Abutilon indicum, in health and therapeutic practices.
7) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. The investigation of natural sources like Abutilon indicum aids in the identification of novel medicinal compounds that can improve health outcomes, highlighting the potential of integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research.
8) Rat:
Rats are commonly used as animal models in research due to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans. Studies involving Abutilon indicum's effects on blood sugar levels and other health parameters often utilize rats to evaluate the efficacy of the plant's extracts in treating various medical conditions.
9) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the field of pharmacology, which is concerned with the study of drugs, their properties, interactions, and effects on biological systems. The pharmacological exploration of Abutilon indicum aims to identify its active constituents and understand its potential therapeutic applications in managing diseases.
10) Water:
Water is a universal solvent essential for life and is commonly used in the preparation of plant extracts. In traditional medicine, aqueous extracts from plants like Abutilon indicum are often employed for their therapeutic properties, as water-soluble compounds can be effectively absorbed by the body.
11) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine that studies the interactions between drugs and biological systems. This science helps elucidate the mechanisms through which compounds in plants like Abutilon indicum exert their effects, ultimately guiding their therapeutic use and integration into modern medicine.
12) Atibala:
Atibala is a common name for Abutilon indicum in regional Indian languages. It highlights the plant's traditional and cultural significance, especially in Ayurveda, where it is revered for its various medicinal properties, and is often used in treatments for ailments such as fevers and dysuria.
13) Disease:
Diseases denote pathological conditions causing dysfunction in the body. The exploration of plants like Abutilon indicum aims to discover their usefulness in managing multiple health issues, thereby integrating traditional herbal practices with scientific methodologies for enhanced treatment options.
14) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
Sharma is a common surname in India, often associated with individuals contributing to various fields, including research in herbal medicine and pharmacology. Researchers like Sharma have investigated the medicinal properties of plants such as Abutilon indicum, advancing the understanding of their therapeutic potentials.
15) Kumar:
Kumar is another prevalent surname in India, associated with numerous researchers and professionals. As with Sharma, individuals with this surname have contributed significantly to the pharmacological and ethnobotanical studies of plants like Abutilon indicum, highlighting their roles in traditional and contemporary medicine.
16) Patel:
Patel is a common Indian surname that may refer to individuals involved in agriculture, business, or academics. In the context of herbal medicine, individuals such as researchers or practitioners with this surname often contribute to studies and practices surrounding medicinal plants like Abutilon indicum.
17) Bronchial asthma:
Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and episodic difficulty in breathing. The potential benefits of plants like Abutilon indicum in treating asthma symptoms make them valuable in both traditional and modern medicinal practices, warranting further scientific investigation.
18) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine focused on holistic health and wellness, utilizing natural remedies and lifestyle practices. The significance of plants like Abutilon indicum within Ayurveda illustrates the historical reliance on herbal knowledge for treating various ailments and maintaining health.
19) Family:
Family, in this context, refers to the taxonomical classification of plants. Abutilon indicum belongs to the Malvaceae family, which includes various other medicinal plants. Understanding taxonomical relationships can aid in studying the phytochemical properties and potential applications of different species within this family.
20) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Investigations into Abutilon indicum's anti-cancer properties may unveil novel compounds effective in cancer treatment, exemplifying the potential of traditional medicinal plants in modern oncology research.
21) Nature:
Nature encompasses the physical world and its components. The study of plants like Abutilon indicum emphasizes the significance of biodiversity and natural resources in providing medicinal solutions, advocating for sustainable practices in conserving plant species while harnessing their therapeutic potentials.
22) Tutti:
Tutti is another vernacular term for Abutilon indicum, showcasing the plant's regional names that echo its cultural significance and traditional therapeutic applications across different areas of India.
23) Fever:
Fever signifies an elevated body temperature often due to infection or inflammation. Plants like Abutilon indicum have been traditionally used to manage fever symptoms, reflecting their historical use in herbal medicine and the ongoing relevance of such treatments in contemporary healthcare.
24) Raja:
Raja can refer to a common Indian name or an individual contributing to research. In herbal studies, individuals named Raja may play roles in exploring and documenting the medicinal properties of plants like Abutilon indicum, fostering knowledge-sharing in this field.
25) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used for medical purposes, including treatment, prevention, or diagnosis. Investigating the compounds derived from plants such as Abutilon indicum is crucial for developing new drugs and enhancing therapeutic protocols based on traditional medicines.
26) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds produced by plants, which can exhibit beneficial properties. The phytochemical composition of Abutilon indicum reveals its potential health benefits, prompting further investigation into its use in dietary supplements or medicinal formulations.
27) Tiruchengode (Tiruchengodu):
Tiruchengode is a town in Tamil Nadu, India, known for its academic institutions, including those that study herbal medicine. Its significance lies in being a hub for research on plants like Abutilon indicum, contributing to our understanding of traditional medicinal practices.
28) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is a state in India known for its rich biodiversity, including various medicinal plants. It highlights the diverse cultural practices related to herbal medicine, supporting research into the efficacy of plants like Abutilon indicum utilized in different traditional health systems.
29) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil-nadu is a state in India renowned for its rich cultural heritage, particularly in traditional medicine. The exploration and utilization of plants like Abutilon indicum within this region underscore the significance of regional practices in holistic health treatments.
30) Chennai:
Chennai is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, recognized for its educational institutions and research facilities. It plays a vital role in studying herbal medicine, including the properties of plants like Abutilon indicum and their potential applications in modern therapies.
31) Leprosy:
Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, has historical significance in traditional medicine, where plants like Abutilon indicum have been used in various treatments. Research continues to explore the effectiveness of traditional remedies in managing symptoms associated with leprosy.
32) Science (Scientific):
Scientific embodies the approach of understanding phenomena through systematic study and experimentation. The scientific inquiry into the medicinal properties of plants like Abutilon indicum aids in validating traditional uses while ensuring safety and efficacy for therapeutic applications.
33) Madura:
Madura may refer to the Madurai region in Tamil Nadu, rich in herbal knowledge and traditions. It emphasizes the cultural heritage of herbal medicine where plants like Abutilon indicum have been utilized for generations, carrying forward the ancient wisdom in modern contexts.
34) Panda (Pamda):
Panda is a common surname in India, representing individuals involved in research or herbal medicine. Researchers with this name contribute to the scientific community's understanding of plants like Abutilon indicum, ensuring a comprehensive examination of their medicinal properties.
35) Sugar:
Sugar is a key energy source for living organisms, often studied in the context of health and nutrition. Plants like Abutilon indicum exhibiting anti-diabetic properties demonstrate potential applications for managing blood sugar levels in individuals, emphasizing the plant's significance in herbal treatments.
36) Blood:
Blood is essential for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Research into the effects of Abutilon indicum on blood sugar levels illustrates its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in managing diabetes and other conditions related to blood health.
37) Tamil:
Tamil refers to a Dravidian language and cultural identity prevalent in Tamil Nadu. The language carries rich traditions of herbal medicine, encompassing the utilization of plants like Abutilon indicum in local healing practices and emphasizing the connection between language and medicinal knowledge.
38) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical refers to the study of medicinal drugs derived from natural sources, particularly plants. This field is crucial for identifying therapeutic properties, safety, and efficacy of substances like Abutilon indicum, bridging traditional uses with modern pharmacological science.
39) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria, crucial in treating infections. The exploration of antibacterial properties in plants like Abutilon indicum contributes to the development of new antimicrobial agents, enhancing treatment methodologies and offering alternatives to synthetic drugs.
40) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection, often leading to symptoms like pain and redness. The anti-inflammatory properties of plants such as Abutilon indicum demonstrate their potential application in treating inflammatory conditions and improving overall health.
41) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a west Indian state known for its rich flora and traditional healing practices. The state's contributions to the study of medicinal plants, including Abutilon indicum, highlight regional variations in herbal medicine and the importance of local biodiversity.
42) Calculation:
Calculation refers to the process of determining values or outcomes using mathematical principles. In herbal medicine, accurate dosage calculations for plant extracts like those of Abutilon indicum are essential for ensuring effectiveness and safety in therapeutic applications.
43) Vatavyadhi (Vata-vyadhi):
Vatavyadhi is a term in Ayurveda that refers to diseases caused by imbalances in the Vata dosha. The use of Abutilon indicum in treating vatavyadhi highlights the plant's relevance in traditional medicine and its role in balancing doshic imbalances.
44) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vatadosha signifies a type of imbalance in Ayurvedic philosophy. The application of Abutilon indicum in remedies for Vatadosha-related disorders illustrates the holistic approach in Ayurvedic medicine to restore balance and promote wellness.
45) Alagarkoil:
Alagarkoil is a location in Tamil Nadu, known for its spiritual significance and traditional practices. The region serves as a repository of herbal knowledge, facilitating research on local plants like Abutilon indicum and their medicinal properties.
46) Snake-bite:
Snake-bite refers to the injury caused by the bite of a snake, which can be life-threatening. The exploration of traditional remedies, including those derived from Abutilon indicum, signifies the importance of herbal approaches in managing acute medical conditions in rural practices.
47) Substance:
Substance refers to any physical matter with defined properties. The investigation of the chemical and active substances within plants like Abutilon indicum is critical for their effective application in therapy and contributes to the broader field of phytochemistry.
48) Bhuribala (Bhuri-bala):
Bhuribala is a Sanskrit term related to traditional medicinal practices, often referenced in Ayurveda. Understanding cultural terminologies enriches the appreciation of plants like Abutilon indicum, emphasizing the importance of traditional knowledge in modern herbal therapies.
49) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding acquired through education and experience. In the context of herbal medicine, knowledge about plants like Abutilon indicum is essential for preservation, usage in treatments, and the continuation of traditional practices alongside modern scientific validation.
50) Assamese:
Assamese refers to the language spoken in Assam, India, as well as the cultural identity. Recognizing the linguistic diversity of regions helps in understanding the traditional practices associated with various plants like Abutilon indicum, enriching the overall study of ethnobotany.
51) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals. The evaluation of toxicity in medicinal plants such as Abutilon indicum is crucial for determining safe dosages and potential side effects in therapeutic applications.
52) Bleeding:
Bleeding refers to the loss of blood, which can occur as a result of injury or medical conditions. The traditional use of plants like Abutilon indicum in treating bleeding-related ailments underscores its significance in herbal medicine for promoting hemostasis.
53) Perfumer:
Perfumer relates to the profession or art of making perfumes, often studying the scents derived from plants. The aromatic compounds obtained from plants like Abutilon indicum contribute not only to fragrances but also to potential therapeutic properties explored in traditional and modern contexts.
54) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient language of India, significant for its vast literature in philosophy and medicine. The terminology associated with plants like Abutilon indicum reflects the importance of Sanskrit in conveying medicinal knowledge and methods practiced in ancient herbal traditions.
55) Lakshmi (Laksmi):
Lakshmi is a widely revered Hindu goddess representing wealth and prosperity. The mention in herbal contexts might signify the cultural significance of plants like Abutilon indicum in contributing to health and well-being, linking spirituality to natural healing.
56) Marathi:
Marathi refers to the language spoken in Maharashtra, India. Understanding local languages enhances the exploration of traditional medicine connected to various plants, including their uses and cultural significance, such as that of Abutilon indicum in regional practices.
57) Kannada:
Kannada is a language primarily spoken in Karnataka, India, contributing to its rich culture and heritage. Knowledge of local dialects is instrumental in researching traditional medicinal practices associated with plants like Abutilon indicum, promoting understanding across diverse communities.
58) Bengali:
Bengali refers to the language and culture of the Bengali people, prevalent in West Bengal and Bangladesh. The linguistic contexts can provide insights into traditional herbal practices and cultural uses of plants such as Abutilon indicum across different regions.
59) Emerald:
Emerald can refer to a green gemstone, but in botanical terms, it represents the lush green color often associated with healthy plants. The appearance of Abutilon indicum, with its vibrant leaves, showcases the aesthetic beauty of medicinal herbs and their natural environments.
60) Species:
Species indicates the basic unit of biological classification. Abutilon indicum belongs to the Malvaceae family, and understanding its specific characteristics aids in the study of its medicinal properties and potential applications in health sciences.
61) Dharani:
Dharani may reference a common name or individual associated with research or traditional practices. Its significance in the field of herbal medicine can contribute to the collective knowledge regarding plants such as Abutilon indicum.
62) Siddha:
Siddha is a traditional medicine system practiced predominantly in Tamil Nadu, India, focusing on balancing bodily energies. The exploration of plants like Abutilon indicum within Siddha showcases the integration of spiritual and physical wellness in healing methodologies.
63) Malaya:
Malaya refers to the Malay Peninsula or regions populated by Malay people, rich in biodiversity. The exploration of plants like Abutilon indicum in such regions emphasizes the significance of tropical flora in traditional medicine and potential global implications for herbal treatments.
64) Vaidya:
Vaidya is a Sanskrit term for a physician or healer in Ayurvedic tradition. The practice of Vaidya embodies the knowledge and application of medicinal plants like Abutilon indicum for health and well-being, connecting traditional wisdom to healthcare.
65) Balika:
Balika is a term often associated with youth or maturity in Sanskrit. In herbal contexts, it might relate to the use of plants like Abutilon indicum in promoting vitality and health, particularly in youth-focused wellness practices.
66) Castor:
Castor typically refers to the castor oil plant, known for its medicinal properties. The mention of castor in relation to Abutilon indicum may indicate potential applications or synergistic effects when used in traditional remedies for various ailments.
67) Rajput:
Rajput is a historical term regarding a group of warrior class in India. The historical usage of medicinal plants among Rajputs can be significant for understanding regional herbal practices and the cultural relevance of plants like Abutilon indicum.
68) Petari:
Petari is a regional term that may refer to local practices or usages linked to herbal medicine. Its association with plants like Abutilon indicum highlights the variations of traditional healing methods across different communities in India.
69) Bombay:
Bombay, now known as Mumbai, is a major city in India known for its cultural diversity and historical significance. Its relevance in studying herbal medicine lies in the convergence of traditional practices and modern research particularly for plants like Abutilon indicum.
70) Kanghi:
Kanghi refers to a regional name for Abutilon indicum, reflecting the localized knowledge and cultural significance of the plant across various communities in India, emphasizing the importance of understanding traditional nomenclature in ethnobotanical research.
71) Kakahi:
Kakahi is another regional name for Abutilon indicum. Such vernacular names represent the cultural heritage associated with the plant and its uses in traditional medicine, further educating on its application across different linguistic and cultural groups.
72) Forest:
Forest denotes a dense area of trees and vegetation, serving as habitats for numerous medicinal plants. The preservation of forests is vital for sustaining biodiversity, allowing plants like Abutilon indicum to thrive and continue contributing to local medicinal knowledge.
73) Barber:
Barber can refer to individuals engaged in personal grooming, but in a scholarly context, it could denote those studying traditional practices. Research related to Abutilon indicum may involve scholars sharing knowledge on herbal medicine, integrating personal and cultural narratives.
74) Botany:
Botany is the science of studying plants, encompassing their physiology, structure, and ecological relationships. The scientific study of Abutilon indicum contributes to understanding its properties, promoting sustainable use of plant resources in herbal medicine.
75) Ghanta (Ghamta):
Ghanta may reference a specific term in traditional healing practices within cultural contexts. Understanding terms like Ghanta in relation to Abutilon indicum enhances knowledge of traditional practices and their relevance to modern herbal applications.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 104]
Other Science Concepts:
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Abutilon indicum, Anti-inflammatory activity, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activity, Seed oil, Traditional use, Wound healing activity, Anti estrogenic activity, Ayurvedic properties, Hypoglycemic activity, Anti-cancer activity, Anti-microbial activity, Vernacular name, Diuretic activity, Ethnobotanical survey, Anti-diabetic activity, Anti-arthritic activity, Ethnobotanical use, Hypoglycemic effect, Anti convulsant activity, Chemical constituent, Larvicidal activity, Anti-asthmatic activity, Dose calculation, Saponins and flavonoids, Anti-diarrhoeal activity, Botanical distribution, Microscopical character.