Delonix regia leaves evaluated for kidney protection from gentamycin.

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of delonix regia (leaves) was used to investigate for their protective ability of the kidney against gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Satendra Dhakad, Dr. Ravi Prakash Yadav, Dr. Brajesh Ku. Arjariya, Rahim Khan, Mohd. Jalaluddin and Laxminarayan Dhakad


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Evaluation of delonix regia (leaves) was used to investigate for their protective ability of the kidney against gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20234-27311

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study conducted by Dhakad et al. investigates the protective effects of Delonix regia (commonly known as the flame tree) leaves against nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin, a widely used aminoglycoside antibiotic known for its effectiveness against severe Gram-negative bacterial infections. The research highlights the growing reliance on natural remedies and medicinal plants in both developed and developing countries for maintaining health and treating various ailments. It aims to provide scientific evidence for the nephroprotective properties of Delonix regia through both in vitro and in vivo studies and outlines the underlying mechanisms associated with kidney injury and its prevention.

Phytochemical Screening of Delonix Regia

The phytochemical analysis of the hydroalcoholic extract of Delonix regia leaves reveals the presence of significant bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, diterpenes, and phenolics. Notably, flavonoids have garnered attention due to their potential health benefits. The study found a total phenol content of 1.690 mg GAE/100 mg of leaves extract and total flavonoids content of 1.305 mg QE/100 mg of extract. The absence of proteins and amino acids indicates a specific profile of the extract, suggesting its role in protecting against kidney damage. This screening establishes the foundation for understanding the therapeutic properties attributed to the plant's components.

Nephroprotective Effects Against Gentamicin

In the investigation of nephrotoxicity, the research employed Wistar albino rats, which were divided into groups treated with gentamicin alone and those receiving both gentamicin and various doses of Delonix regia extract. The study demonstrated that gentamicin administration elevated biochemical markers indicative of renal damage, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and uric acid levels. However, the administration of Delonix regia extract significantly mitigated these effects, illustrating a protective effect on renal function. The findings showcase the extract's capacity to lower the elevated markers back toward normal levels, evidencing its nephroprotective properties.

Histopathological Examination

Histopathology further corroborated biochemical findings, as kidney sections from gentamicin-treated rats exhibited significant damage, including tubular necrosis and cellular changes. In contrast, sections from rats treated with Delonix regia extract alongside gentamicin showed much less structural damage. The protective effects are reflected in the maintenance of the architecture of the nephrons, including glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules. This morphological assessment strengthens the argument for the extract's therapeutic potential in treating or preventing nephrotoxic effects resulting from gentamicin treatment.

Conclusion

The study concludes that Delonix regia leaves contain significant bioactive compounds that confer nephroprotective effects against gentamicin-induced renal injury. The research highlights the potential of this plant as a natural therapeutic agent, asserting its role in mitigating nephrotoxicity. The observed improvements in biochemical markers and histopathological examination underscore the extract's efficacy and validate traditional medicinal practices. The authors encourage further exploration of the mechanisms underlying these protective effects, aiming to expand the therapeutic application of Delonix regia in renal health.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the purpose of the study on Delonix regia leaves?

The study aims to evaluate the protective effects of Delonix regia leaves against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models, exploring underlying mechanisms.

What active compounds are found in Delonix regia leaves?

Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, diterpenes, and phenolics, while proteins and amino acids were absent in the hydroalcoholic extract of Delonix regia leaves.

What are the toxic effects of gentamicin on kidneys?

Gentamicin can cause nephrotoxicity characterized by elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, leading to renal cell damage and potential acute renal failure.

How was the extraction process of Delonix regia leaves conducted?

Leaves were shade-dried, powdered, and then extracted using a hydroalcoholic solvent (ethanol: water, 80:20) through maceration for a specified duration.

What were the results of the in vivo nephroprotective study?

The study showed that treatment with Delonix regia leaves extract significantly reduced elevated urea and creatinine levels, indicating improved renal function in gentamicin-treated rats.

What are the implications of this research on Delonix regia?

The findings suggest that Delonix regia leaves may serve as a nephroprotective agent, supporting their potential therapeutic use in treating nephrotoxicity.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Delonix regia leaves evaluated for kidney protection from gentamycin.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Water:
Water is essential for all living organisms, serving as a solvent for biochemical reactions, transportation of nutrients, and waste removal. In the context of phytochemical studies, water often acts as part of the solvent system to extract active compounds from plant materials, aiding in the assessment of their medicinal properties.

2) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids, as multiple forms of the flavonoid compound, possess the ability to combat oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to various therapeutic applicabilities. The research focuses on the flavonoid content in Delonix regia leaves, examining these compounds for their protective effects on renal health when stressed by nephrotoxic agents.

3) Animal:
The animal pertains to the specific subjects of research trials. In this study, the model organism, Wistar rats, is crucial for observing physiological changes in response to nephrotoxic drugs and herbal treatments, providing insights relevant for medical applications and therapeutic strategies.

4) Table:
A table is a structured representation of data, providing clarity and accessibility to presented information. In this study, tables summarize findings, including phytochemical screening results, extraction yields, and biochemical assay outcomes, facilitating easier comparison and interpretation of significant research findings.

5) Study (Studying):
The study embodies the comprehensive research conducted to investigate the nephroprotective effects of Delonix regia on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. This includes methodological approaches, data collection, and resultant observations with the aim of contributing valuable insights into herbal medicine's role in renal protection.

6) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical pertains to the chemical compounds produced by plants, which often exhibit biological activity. This study emphasizes the importance of phytochemical screening in Delonix regia to identify potential therapeutic constituents that confer protective effects against kidney damage, illustrating their relevance in medicinal research.

7) Drug:
Drugs encompass a range of substances used for medical treatment. This study investigates the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics like gentamicin, highlighting the importance of assessing drug-induced kidney damage and exploring potential natural remedies that could mitigate such adverse effects.

8) Blood:
Blood symbolizes a vital fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients and removes waste in living organisms. In nephrotoxicity studies, blood tests measure serum levels of biomarkers like urea and creatinine to assess kidney function, crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of nephroprotective interventions.

9) Rat:
Rats are commonly used laboratory animals in biomedical research due to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans. In this study, albino Wistar rats serve as test subjects to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of Delonix regia, providing valuable insights for human health applications.

10) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological response elicited by a substance, such as a drug or extract. The research examines the nephroprotective activity of Delonix regia leaves, assessing how their constituents may negate or reduce kidney damage caused by gentamicin, signaling their potential therapeutic roles.

11) Disease:
Diseases encompass a wide array of health conditions that impair normal function. This study particularly addresses kidney diseases and the adverse effects of certain drugs, underscoring the importance of exploring protective natural remedies to combat drug-induced renal dysfunction.

12) Calculation:
Calculation involves the mathematical determination of values or parameters, integral in scientific research for analyzing data. In this study, calculations are necessary for determining the percentage yield of extracts and for statistical analyses of biochemical parameters, providing quantitative evidence to support conclusions drawn.

13) Observation:
Observations are critical in research, referring to the systematic noting of occurrences or outcomes during studies. This study documents specific observations regarding biochemical markers and histopathological changes to validate the nephroprotective effects of Delonix regia, guiding future therapeutic exploration.

14) Developing:
Developing relates to the progress of research or methodology used in scientific studies. This study includes developing extraction methods for obtaining bioactive compounds from Delonix regia, enhancing the understanding of their potential health benefits and the extraction techniques essential for pharmacological applications.

15) Medicine:
Medicines refer to substances used for treating diseases or ailments. This study aligns with the field of herbal medicine, exploring natural extracts like Delonix regia for their pharmacological effects, thereby augmenting traditional medicinal practices with scientific evidence of efficacy and safety.

16) Surface:
Surface can refer to the outer aspect of a substance, relevant in chemistry when studying interactions between solvents and solutes. In this context, surface characteristics may influence the efficacy of phytochemical extraction methods used in analyzing active compounds from Delonix regia leaves.

17) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are a class of drugs used to treat bacterial infections, essential in modern medicine. However, their nephrotoxic potential, as observed with gentamicin in this study, prompts investigation into protective alternatives, highlighting the need for safer therapeutic solutions in clinical practice.

18) Substance:
The substance in research denotes a specific material or compound being studied. In this context, it often refers to the phytochemicals extracted from Delonix regia leaves that are under investigation for their potential protective effects against kidney damage caused by nephrotoxicity.

19) Gelatin:
Gelatin, a protein derived from collagen, is often used in laboratory settings and formulations. While not a central focus in this study, its inclusion reflects the various compounds that may be utilized in tests or experiments, highlighting the diversity of materials encountered in biochemical research.

20) Gold (Golden):
Golden in this context may refer to a specific type or quality in relation to diet or substances. While the term appears in various contexts, its relevance here may underscore the nutrition aspect of the animals' dietary intake and the importance of proper nourishment in experimental setups.

21) Sugar:
Sugar is a carbohydrate that serves as an energy source for organisms. In biochemical studies, blood sugar levels may be monitored; however, its specific mention may exemplify the nutritional aspects considered in animal diets during experiments that relate to overall health assessments.

22) Cage:
A cage refers to a single enclosure for laboratory animals, emphasizing the controlled settings necessary for experimental purposes. In this study, the use of suitable cages impacts the well-being of the rats, crucial for ethical considerations and the quality of the research outcomes.

23) New Delhi:
New Delhi, the capital of India, is often referenced as a hub for research and healthcare advancements. In this study context, it may signify the location of research institutions or quality standards aligned with the scientific community’s growth in understanding natural remedies.

24) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the scientific study of drugs, their effects, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications. This study falls under pharmacological research, exploring how natural substances from plants can mitigate side effects from synthetic drugs, thus contributing valuable insights to the field of nephroprotective therapies.

25) Discussion:
Discussion in research encompasses the interpretation and evaluation of findings, providing context to results. In this study, the discussion elaborates on how the nephroprotective properties of Delonix regia are significant for counteracting drug-induced kidney damage, supporting the importance of herbal medicine in therapeutic scenarios.

26) Scratching:
Scratching might refer to the physical act of marking or disturbing a surface, relevant in chromatography practices. In this study, it may relate to marking solvent fronts on chromatographic plates, an essential step in analyzing the compound profiles of extracts from Delonix regia.

27) Science (Scientific):
Scientific denotes the systematic, methodical study of phenomena to advance knowledge. This study exemplifies scientific inquiry by employing rigorous research methods to unravel the therapeutic potential of Delonix regia, contributing to a deeper understanding of natural remedies in modern medicine.

28) Knowledge:
Knowledge represents the understanding and awareness gained through study and experience. In this context, it underlines the research's contribution to the collective knowledge base regarding medicinal plants, their phytochemicals, and their potential applications in treating nephrotoxicity and related health concerns.

29) Toxicity:
Toxicity pertains to the adverse effects substances may cause to living organisms. In this study, nephrotoxicity is a central focus as it evaluates how certain drugs can impair kidney function and the potential of natural extracts to mitigate such harmful effects, crucial for therapeutic advancements.

30) Writing:
Writing in scientific contexts involves documenting research findings, methodologies, and discussions. In this study, the writing serves to communicate the outcomes of experiments concerning Delonix regia, ensuring that the information is accessible for further research and application in the field of herbal pharmacology.

31) Heating:
Heating denotes the application of thermal energy to substances, often utilized in extraction processes. In this study, heating is critical for extraction methods that aim to isolate bioactive compounds from Delonix regia leaves, influencing the yield and quality of the resulting extracts.

32) Emerald:
Emerald may connote a deep green color or a reference to a type of crystal, but in this context, it likely symbolizes the chemical sensory aspect observed in certain tests. The mention could potentially link to specific biochemical responses observed during tests on extracts for nephroprotective properties.

33) Forest:
Forest, a singular form of 'forests', highlights the ecological environments rich in plant resources. This study's focus on plant-derived compounds like those from Delonix regia brings to light the importance of forests in accessing medicinal plants crucial for developing pharmaceuticals and improving health outcomes.

34) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. While not the primary focus of this study, the implications of phytochemicals from plants like Delonix regia have potential anti-cancer properties, underlining the need to explore their effects in future research endeavors.

35) Nature:
Nature signifies the inherent qualities and phenomena of the natural world, including ecosystems, plants, and biological processes. This study leverages nature's resources, specifically plants, to explore their pharmacological benefits, reinforcing the connection between natural products and therapeutic interventions in health care.

36) Powder:
Powder refers to finely ground particles of a substance. In this study, powdered extracts of Delonix regia leaves are utilized for various assays and testing to evaluate their phytochemical and therapeutic properties, demonstrating the importance of preparation methods in extracting bioactive components.

37) Indian:
Indian signifies anything related to India, including its rich traditions in herbal medicine. This study reflects India's diverse plant resources, particularly focusing on indigenous species like Delonix regia, emphasizing the cultural context and utilization of natural remedies in health practices.

38) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, is mentioned as a location tied to research and medicine. The city's significance may connect to institutions involved in pharmacology and herbal studies, framing the research within a broader national and scientific framework that emphasizes the importance of local plant resources.

39) India:
India, known for its vast biodiversity, has an extensive tradition of using herbal medicines. This context provides a backdrop for this study, which investigates local plant species like Delonix regia, underscoring the potential of indigenous flora to contribute to modern healthcare solutions.

40) House:
House refers to facilities where activities occur, including animal housing in research. In this study, housing conditions for rats underscore the ethical consideration and necessary standards for caring for laboratory animals, influencing the validity and reliability of experimental results.

41) Gopi:
Gopi may refer to an institution or individual related to the study discussed, likely indicating a connection to the research team. The association emphasizes collaboration and expertise, highlighting the involvement of various contributors dedicated to advancing knowledge in the field of pharmacology.

42) Ravi (Ravin):
Ravi may represent an individual part of the research team, contributing to the study's design, execution, and interpretation of results. Such contributions from experts in various disciplines strengthen the research's credibility and quality, showcasing collaborative efforts in scientific inquiry.

43) Food:
Food refers to substances consumed to provide nutrition. In the context of animal studies, appropriate dietary provisions are crucial for maintaining overall health, influencing the outcomes of experiments such as the evaluation of nephroprotective effects of herbal remedies against drug toxicity in rats.

44) Diet:
Diet denotes the types of food consumed, directly impacting the health of both animals and humans. This study emphasizes correct dietary provisions for the experimental animals, ensuring their health and stability, thereby supporting valid research results in assessing therapeutic interventions.

45) Road:
Road signifies paths or routes, but in this study, it may metaphorically highlight societal development in the context of access to healthcare or medicinal resources. Improved roads can enable better access to medicinal plants and healthcare, playing a role in traditional medicine usage.

46) Wall:
Wall serves as a structural boundary but may metaphorically relate to the challenges faced in health assurance or barriers that exist in accessing medicinal resources. It emphasizes the importance of establishing solid foundations for research and healthcare delivery in various societal contexts.

47) Salt (Salty):
Salt, a mineral substance essential for biological functions, also symbolizes the necessity of balance in nutrition. In the study context, salt may refer indirectly to dietary considerations in animal experiments, stressing the need for a balanced diet in maintaining health during research.

48) Post:
Post typically denotes a position within a context, such as postings or publications that share information. In research, a post could symbolize the dissemination of findings like those from this study, aiming to inform peer audiences and create awareness about nephroprotective agents.

49) Life:
Life denotes the characteristic condition that distinguishes physical entities with biological processes. In medical research, such as this study on Delonix regia, the exploration of life's complexities through understanding plant-based therapies aims to contribute positively to health and wellness.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Delonix regia leaves evaluated for kidney protection from gentamycin.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Medicinal plant, Traditional medicine, Phytochemical screening, Thin Layer Chromatography, Serum Creatinine, Animal Ethics Committee, Phytochemical Investigation, In vivo study, Total phenolic content, Hydroalcoholic extract, Histopathological examination, Renal failure, Total flavonoids content, Bioactive compound, Nephroprotective agents, Nephron, Animal Study, Percentage yield, Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity, Ethnomedicinal use, Extraction procedure, Biochemical Assay, Natural polyphenols.

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