Statistical analysis of ciprofloxacin in Khartoum's drinking water.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Statistical analysis of ciprofloxacin in Khartoum's drinking water.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Water:
Waters is a broader term that encompasses various aquatic environments such as rivers, lakes, and drinking water sources. This study focuses on hospital waters, highlighting concerns regarding the presence of antibiotic residues that could pose risks to public health and the environment.

2) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria. The study primarily investigates the antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin, acknowledging its significance in treating infections while also emphasizing the environmental risk posed by its presence in water bodies due to improper disposal and usage practices.

3) Salt (Salty):
Salt plays a vital role in the salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction method utilized in this study, where it enhances the phase separation process. High concentrations of salts can increase the efficiency of extracting ciprofloxacin from water samples, underscoring its importance in analytical chemistry for environmental monitoring.

4) Table:
Tables present organized data that facilitate comparison and analysis. In this study, tables are used to summarize the concentrations of ciprofloxacin found in various water samples, providing visual clarity on the extent of contamination across different hospitals, which is essential for interpreting the research findings.

5) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the systematic investigation into the detection of ciprofloxacin residues in hospital drinking water. It employs advanced extraction and analytical techniques to reveal the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, contributing to the understanding of antibiotic contamination and its implications for public health.

6) Drug:
Drugs encompass a wide range of substances intended for medical use. This study focuses on the detection of a specific drug, ciprofloxacin, in drinking water, highlighting concerns about pharmaceutical residues in the environment and their possible effects on human health and aquatic organisms.

7) Performance:
Performance in this context pertains to the effectiveness and reliability of the analytical methods used to detect ciprofloxacin. Evaluating the performance of techniques such as HPLC-UV ensures that they provide accurate and reproducible results, which is critical for assessing contamination levels in water samples.

8) Science (Scientific):
Sciences encompass various fields of study that rely on empirical evidence and systematic methodologies. This research spans fields such as environmental science, pharmacology, and public health, illustrating the interdisciplinary approach necessary to understand complicated issues like pharmaceutical contamination in water systems.

9) Cutan:
Sudan, the geographical context of this research, is significant due to its unique environmental conditions and potential public health issues related to water quality. The study's focus on hospitals in Khartoum State illustrates local concerns over antibiotic contamination in drinking water sources within the region.

10) Fortification:
Fortification in this research refers to the addition of known quantities of ciprofloxacin to water samples to assess the accuracy of the detection methods. This process is crucial for validating the analytical techniques, ensuring that the results reflect true concentrations found in environmental samples.

11) Toxicity:
Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can harm organisms, making it a crucial concept in environmental health studies. Understanding the toxicity of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin when present in drinking water is vital for evaluating risks to human health, aquatic species, and overall ecosystem balance.

12) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used to treat illnesses, and in this research, the focus is on the detection of antibiotic residues such as ciprofloxacin in water. Understanding the entry of medicines into environmental waters is crucial for assessing potential risks to human health and ecosystems from pharmaceutical contamination.

13) Relative:
Relative refers to the comparison of one value to another, as seen in statistical analyses within this study. It helps to assess the concentration levels of ciprofloxacin in different hospital water samples relative to each other, providing insights into the impact of healthcare practices on environmental contamination.

14) India:
India, mentioned as the origin of the ciprofloxacin sample, signifies the global nature of pharmaceutical production and trade. The study reflects the international implications of antibiotic consumption and the necessity for monitoring and regulating pharmaceuticals that may enter various ecosystems and affect public health.

15) Veterinary medicine:
Veterinary medicine involves the medical care of animals and often involves the use of antibiotics. Understanding the implications of veterinary use on water contamination is significant, as antibiotics administered to animals can enter water systems, contributing to the overall presence of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters.

16) Measurement:
Measurement denotes the process of quantifying particular attributes, in this case, the concentration of ciprofloxacin. This study emphasizes the importance of precise measurement techniques in evaluating antibiotic residues in drinking water, which is crucial for understanding environmental contamination and protecting public health.

17) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study provides an analysis of the results obtained, emphasizing the implications of ciprofloxacin presence in drinking water. This portion is pivotal as it interprets data, draws conclusions, and suggests future directions for research and policy regarding antibiotic contamination.

18) Activity:
Activity in this context pertains to the biological effectiveness of ciprofloxacin against bacteria. The study’s focus on detecting this antibiotic underscores its important role in treating bacterial infections while raising awareness of its environmental implications when residues contaminate drinking water supplies.

19) Species:
Species refers to distinct groups of organisms capable of interbreeding. The presence of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin in aquatic environments can be detrimental to various species, emphasizing the ecological consequences of environmental contamination, as it can disrupt food webs and harm biodiversity.

20) Surface:
Surface refers to the interface of water bodies where contaminants may be present. The surface waters in this study are examined for antibiotic residues to understand the extent of pharmaceutical pollutants, underscoring the relevance of monitoring surface water quality for ecological and public health.

21) Animal:
Animal refers to all living organisms within the kingdom Animalia, including those in agricultural settings. The study touches on the concern that antibiotics used in animals can enter water systems, prompting the need for research on the impact of such residues on both public health and animal populations.

22) Pose:
Pose refers to the potential threat or risk presented by something. In this context, the study emphasizes that antibiotic residues in drinking water pose significant risks to human health, aquatic life, and overall ecosystem balance, underscoring the importance of addressing pharmaceutical contamination through research and policy.