Advancements in Niosomal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review
niosomal drug delivery systems
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Review
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: an overview of herbals used in helminthiasis
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
A. Nandhini and C. Sumathi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Review
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Niosomes have emerged as a promising non-ionic drug delivery system that offers significant advantages over traditional carriers like liposomes. These vesicles are composed of non-ionic surfactants, which form a bilayer structure, allowing them to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. Their potential applications range from targeted drug delivery to transdermal applications, making them an important area of research in the pharmaceutical field. Niosomes provide unique therapeutic options due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ability to enhance drug stability and efficacy.
Niosomal Structure and Composition
Niosomes consist of a bilayer membrane made from amphiphilic molecules known as surfactants. Unlike liposomes that use phospholipids, niosomes are formed from non-ionic surfactants, which contribute to their enhanced stability and reduced potential for irritation compared to cationic and anionic surfactants. The internal structure allows for the entrapment of various drugs, which may be either absorbed into the bilayer or contained within the aqueous core. This unique structural composition enables niosomes to effectively deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients in a controlled and sustained manner, broadening their application in drug formulations.
Methods of Niosome Preparation
There are several methods for preparing niosomes, each with specific advantages and applications. Among these methods are the Ether Injection Method, Thin Film Hydration Method, and Sonication. The Ether Injection Method involves dissolving surfactants in diethyl ether which is then injected into warm water, leading to the formation of single-layered vesicles. The Thin Film Hydration Method entails dissolving surfactants and cholesterol in organic solvents, followed by evaporation to form a thin film that is then hydrated. Sonication involves applying ultrasonic energy to disperse surfactants, promoting niosome formation. Each method allows for customization and control over size, stability, and encapsulation efficiency, essential for tailored drug delivery systems.
Applications of Niosomes in Medicine
Niosomes present various applications across medical fields, significantly in drug targeting and localized delivery. They can encapsulate drugs for targeted therapy, particularly to the reticuloendothelial system (RES), improving the treatment of diseases such as cancer and leishmaniasis. Their ability to solubilize poorly soluble drugs and sustain their release makes niosomes suitable for localized actions. Furthermore, niosomes have shown promise in enhancing the bioavailability of peptide medications, protecting them from enzymatic degradation, and improving their therapeutic efficacy.
Conclusion
Overall, niosomes stand out as a versatile and innovative drug delivery system, providing numerous advantages such as improved stability, targeted therapy options, and the encapsulation of a range of substances. Their biocompatible nature and ability to enhance the pharmacological profiles of drugs place them at the forefront of pharmaceutical research. The continuing exploration of niosomal technology holds the potential to revolutionize drug delivery methods and improve treatment outcomes across various medical applications. As the understanding of niosome formulation and function expands, it could lead to significant advancements in targeted and effective therapy strategies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are niosomes and how do they function in drug delivery?
Niosomes are vesicular structures composed of non-ionic surfactants that encapsulate drugs, enhancing delivery. They mimic liposomes structurally but utilize non-ionic surfactants instead of phospholipids, allowing for efficient transport of both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances.
What are the advantages of using niosomal drug delivery systems?
Niosomes provide several benefits including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and improved drug stability. They can encapsulate a wide range of drug solubilities and release them effectively, enhancing therapeutic performance while minimizing side effects from the drugs.
How are niosomes different from liposomes in their structure?
While niosomes and liposomes both contain bilayer structures, niosomes utilize non-ionic surfactants for their bilayers instead of the phospholipids found in liposomes. This difference influences their stability and suitability for various drug delivery applications.
What methods are commonly used to prepare niosomes?
Common methods of niosome preparation include ether injection, hand shaking, sonication, reverse phase evaporation, and microfluidization, among others. Each method has its benefits and may be chosen based on desired vesicle size and drug loading characteristics.
What types of niosomes exist based on their structure?
Niosomes can be classified into three main types: multilamellar vesicles (MLV), large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), and small unilamellar vesicles (SUV), with variations depending on bilayer count, size, and drug encapsulation method.
What applications are niosomes used for in medicine?
Niosomes are utilized for drug targeting, especially to the reticuloendothelial system, sustained drug release, and delivering peptide medications. They have shown promise in treating various diseases with reduced side effects and enhanced efficacy.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Advancements in Niosomal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Medicine:
Medicines encompass multiple forms of therapeutic substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent illnesses. They can be prescription-based or over-the-counter, and include a wide variety of dosage forms. The study and development of medicines are pivotal for advancing healthcare and improving patient outcomes across an array of conditions.
2) Drug:
Drugs are chemical substances that can alter physiological functions in the body. This term broadly encompasses medicines, illicit substances, and pharmaceuticals. The study of drugs includes their mechanisms of action, side effects, and potential for addiction. Understanding drugs is paramount for developing effective treatments and promoting public health.
3) Water:
Water is fundamental for life and is crucial in various biological and chemical processes. In the context of niosomes and drug delivery, water serves as a solvent for active substances and is an integral component in many formulations, assisting in the solubilization and delivery of medications effectively.
4) Substance:
The term substance in a pharmaceutical context pertains to a specific chemical or compound used in the formulation of drugs or medicines. Understanding the characteristics of a substance, including its solubility, reactivity, and biological properties, is crucial for designing effective therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems.
5) Study (Studying):
The study in pharmaceutical terms refers to the systematic investigation into drug formulations, effects, and interactions. It encompasses research methodologies, including in vitro and in vivo experiments, aimed at understanding the efficacy and safety of medicinal products. Comprehensive studies ensure that medications are effective and safe for consumer use.
6) Hand:
The hand may refer metaphorically to the involvement of practitioners or researchers in pharmaceutical practices. It signifies the active role of professionals in the formulation, delivery, and administration of drugs, highlighting the hands-on approach necessary for effective healthcare delivery.
7) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. In the field of pharmacy, science is crucial for drug discovery, development, and ensuring therapeutic effectiveness, guiding researchers in their quest for novel treatment approaches.
8) Wall:
Walls signify the boundaries of structures, such as vesicles like niosomes, within the pharmaceutical context. These walls are crucial for encapsulating drugs and regulating their release, ensuring that therapeutic agents reach their intended targets effectively.
9) Biodegradable:
Biodegradable refers to materials that can be decomposed by natural biological processes. In drug delivery systems, biodegradable components are preferred as they minimize environmental impact and reduce toxicity. Biodegradable niosomes, for instance, offer safe and effective means to encapsulate drugs while ensuring compliance with environmental standards.
10) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in western India known for its diverse culture and robust healthcare sector. The use of pharmaceuticals and innovative drug delivery systems, such as niosomes, is prevalent in research institutions and hospitals across Maharashtra, contributing significantly to advancements in medicine and healthcare.
11) Arunachalam:
Arunachalam may refer to a researcher or a contributor within pharmaceutical studies. Naming individuals in scientific contexts highlights their contributions to the field, often relating to the development of drugs or delivery mechanisms, emphasizing the significance of collaboration in scientific advancements.
12) Performance:
Performance in pharmaceutical terms relates to the effectiveness and efficiency of drug formulations in delivering therapeutic outcomes. This includes assessing how well a drug performs in vivo or in controlled conditions, which is crucial for determining its appropriateness for clinical use.
13) Composite:
The term composite in pharmaceuticals can indicate a formulation that includes multiple components, such as combining different drugs or materials to enhance the therapeutic potential. Understanding composites is essential for developing multi-targeted treatments and improving the efficacy of delivery systems like niosomes.
14) Chauhan:
Chauhan may refer to a researcher or author contributing to the field of drug delivery systems. Acknowledging individual contributions highlights the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, showcasing the importance of research in developing innovative therapies and improving medical outcomes.
15) Gadhiya:
Gadhiya represents a contributor within pharmaceutical research, indicating their involvement in studies related to drug delivery or niosomes. Recognizing individual researchers emphasizes the collective effort in advancing medical science and drug formulation technologies aimed at better therapeutic strategies.
16) Naganatha (Naga-natha, Naganath, Nagnath):
Nagnath is likely a reference to an author or researcher linked to the study of niosomes or drug delivery systems. Such individuals play a vital role in advancing scientific knowledge, contributing to research that develops new methodologies or products that enhance healthcare delivery.
17) Shukla (Sukla):
Shukla may denote a researcher or scientist whose work pertains to pharmaceutical studies and drug delivery technologies. The contribution of individuals like Shukla is crucial in the continuous endeavor to innovate and improve medication effectiveness and safety, reflecting the hard work behind advancements in medicine.
18) Indian:
Indian refers to the nationality associated with people from India, which is notable for its rich history in medicine and contributions to pharmaceutical sciences. The country has a growing pharmaceutical industry focused on innovation and research, contributing significantly to global healthcare advancements.
19) India:
India is a country in South Asia that plays a crucial role in global pharmaceutical research, production, and innovation. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is known for its cost-effective drug manufacturing and research capabilities, which are vital for making medicines accessible and affordable worldwide.
20) Life:
Life signifies the biological processes and functions that drugs and medicines aim to enhance or improve. In pharmacy, understanding life and its complexities is pivotal for developing treatments that can positively affect health and well-being, particularly in the face of diseases and medical conditions.
21) Field:
Field indicates a specific area of practice or study. In pharmaceuticals, the field encompasses research, development, and clinical applications of drugs. Understanding this field allows for advancements in technologies and therapies, leading to improved patient care and outcomes.
22) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the process of conveying substances or signals from one location to another. In the context of pharmaceuticals, transmission plays a fundamental role in drug delivery, indicating how drugs spread through biological systems to achieve therapeutic effects effectively.
23) Commerce:
Commerce relates to the activities of buying and selling goods and services. In pharmaceuticals, it encompasses the manufacturing, distribution, and sale of medicines. Understanding commerce is critical for ensuring the availability of needed drugs and treatments within healthcare systems.
24) Disease:
Disease refers to any impairment of bodily function resulting from various factors such as infections, genetics, or environmental influences. Studying diseases facilitates the development of targeted therapeutic interventions, improving healthcare outcomes and guiding drug formulation strategies.
25) Channel:
Channel denotes a medium or pathway through which something is transmitted or delivered. In pharmaceuticals, it is vital to understanding how drugs should be formulated and delivered to achieve optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects.
26) Barbara (Varvara):
Barbara may refer to a location or an individual involved in pharmaceutical studies, signifying contributions or research conducted in a specific place. Identifying such connections illustrates the collaborative nature of scientific research across different regions and institutions.
27) Gayatri:
Gayatri could denote a researcher or contributor in the pharmaceutical field, highlighting their role in advancing knowledge related to drug delivery systems. Recognizing individual contributions is important in commemorating the collective effort to improve healthcare interventions.
28) Vangala:
Vangala may refer to a researcher involved in the study of pharmaceutical sciences. Acknowledging individual contributions underlines the importance of collaboration in research, which is crucial for developing innovative therapies that aim for better patient outcomes.
29) Surface:
Surface refers to the outer layer or boundary of a substance, which can impact how drugs interact with biological tissues. The surface properties of drug carriers, such as niosomes, significantly affect drug release profiles and overall therapeutic effectiveness.
30) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Research in pharmaceuticals focuses on developing targeted therapies to treat cancer effectively. Niosomes are being investigated for their potential to improve drug delivery to tumor sites, enhancing treatment effectiveness and reducing side effects.
31) Medium:
Medium refers to a substance or environment conducive to a process. In pharmaceutical contexts, it often denotes solvents or carriers that facilitate the absorption and distribution of drugs. The choice of medium is critical in formulating effective drug delivery systems.
32) Powder:
Powder refers to a solid material that is finely ground and often used in pharmaceuticals for drug formulation. Powders can enhance the solubility and bioavailability of drugs, providing a convenient administration route and improving manufacturing processes for various medications.
33) Filling (Filled):
Filled denotes the action or condition of occupying space with a substance, such as filling a drug carrier like a niosome with therapeutic agents. This aspect is essential in ensuring that carriers effectively deliver the intended medication to specific sites within the body.
34) Santa (Shanta, Samta, Shamta):
Santa may refer to an individual or location that has significance in the context of pharmaceutical studies. Acknowledging such figures or places emphasizes the collaborative and interdisciplinary aspects of research and discovery in the pharmaceutical field.
35) Glass:
Glass can denote the material commonly used in laboratory equipment essential for conducting experiments in pharmacology. Glassware is crucial in pharmaceutical formulations, as it ensures the integrity of reactions and protects the substances from contamination during preparation.
36) Devi:
Devi may denote an individual researcher or author contributing to pharmaceutical studies. Recognizing personal contributions highlights the importance of collaboration and innovation in advancing drug delivery technologies and improving healthcare solutions.
37) Vila:
Vila could refer to a researcher involved in pharmaceutical sciences. Acknowledging individuals like Vila emphasizes the collaborative spirit of scientific inquiry, showcasing efforts to develop and improve drug delivery systems that benefit patient treatment strategies.
38) Fire:
Fire may metaphorically represent the energetic and dynamic aspect of pharmaceutical research, highlighting the pursuit of innovative approaches in drug discovery and delivery. It signifies the passion and commitment of researchers in advancing health care through effective solutions.
39) Gold (Golden):
Gold may represent a standard of quality in pharmaceutical formulations or methods. In a more metaphorical sense, it signifies excellence and efficacy in drug delivery systems, enhancing the perception of value in pharmaceuticals and healthcare solutions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Advancements in Niosomal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents: