Formulating and Evaluating Chewable Tablets with Bitter Masking Techniques
the fundamentals of formulating and evaluating chewable tablets with a bitter masked test
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Brief overview
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: the fundamentals of formulating and evaluating chewable tablets with a bitter masked test
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Ajim A. Shaikh, Dr. C. V. Panchal, P. H. Shaikh, Sumit S. Sontakke and Mahin Shaikh
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Brief overview
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20235-27478
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Chewable tablets are a specialized form of oral medication designed to be easily consumed by individuals who might have difficulty swallowing pills, particularly children and the elderly. These tablets not only provide a user-friendly alternative to traditional tablets but are also formulated to disintegrate smoothly in the mouth, masking any unpleasant tastes associated with the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The development of chewable tablets requires careful consideration of various factors, including formulation design, organoleptic properties, and manufacturing processes.
Importance of Taste-Masking Techniques
One of the significant challenges in creating chewable tablets is the need to mask undesirable tastes associated with certain medications. Taste-masking techniques are essential for improving patient acceptance, particularly among paediatric and geriatric populations. Effective strategies may involve the use of sweeteners, flavors, and advanced methods such as microencapsulation or hot-melt extrusion. By employing these techniques, formulators can ensure that the chewable tablets not only taste pleasant but can also maintain the therapeutic efficacy of the active ingredients until they are ingested.
Manufacturing Methods and Ingredients
The manufacturing process of chewable tablets can utilize various techniques, including wet and dry granulation or direct compression. Each method impacts the tablet's final characteristics, such as hardness, stability, and disintegration time. In terms of formulation, key ingredients include sweeteners like mannitol and dextrose, along with flavoring agents designed to enhance taste. The balance between these components is critical in meeting the organoleptic preferences of the target patient populations while ensuring a stable and effective dose.
Evaluation of Chewable Tablets
The evaluation of chewable tablets includes both in-process and final product assessments. Important criteria consist of visual appearance, hardness, disintegration, and dissolution rates, as well as organoleptic evaluations to ensure overall acceptability. Chemical analysis is also conducted to evaluate drug content uniformity and stability. These evaluations help ensure that the tablets not only meet pharmacological standards but are also enjoyable for patients to consume, thereby enhancing adherence to treatment regimens.
Conclusion
The development of chewable tablets plays a crucial role in modern pharmaceutical practices, particularly for patients who struggle with traditional oral dosage forms. The integration of effective taste-masking technologies, thoughtful formulation design, and stringent evaluation processes contributes to enhanced patient compliance and medication acceptance. As the pharmaceutical industry continues to innovate in this area, the focus remains on making medications more accessible and palatable, particularly for vulnerable populations like children and the elderly.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are chewable tablets and their main features?
Chewable tablets are designed to be broken and consumed easily. They dissolve smoothly in the mouth, taste good, and mask any bitter aftertaste, making them suitable for children and adults who dislike swallowing pills.
How are chewable tablets formulated for taste masking?
Formulators use sweeteners and flavoring agents to cover unpleasant tastes. Advanced techniques like hot-melt extrusion and microencapsulation are employed to ensure effective taste masking, enhancing patient compliance, especially in pediatric and geriatric populations.
What are the benefits of chewable tablets for patients?
Chewable tablets provide easy swallowing, improved bioavailability, and faster onset of therapeutic effects. They are particularly beneficial for patients like the elderly and children who may have trouble with traditional dosage forms.
What methods are used in the manufacturing of chewable tablets?
Common methods include wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. Each method helps improve the flow and compressibility of the formulation, ensuring the tablets maintain appropriate hardness and dissolve efficiently.
What components are essential in creating chewable tablets?
Essential components include gum bases, sweeteners, flavoring agents, and other excipients. These ingredients help achieve desired organoleptic properties and ensure proper disintegration and absorption once consumed.
What evaluation criteria are used for chewable tablets?
Evaluation criteria include organoleptic assessment, drug content analysis, physical attributes like hardness and appearance, and dissolution tests. These ensure the quality, efficacy, and acceptability of the chewable tablet formulation.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Formulating and Evaluating Chewable Tablets with Bitter Masking Techniques”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
'Drugs' refer to any chemical agents that act on biological systems for therapeutic purposes. The selection of specific drugs is foundational in formulating chewable tablets, which must meet criteria for effectiveness while also masking undesirable tastes to enhance patient adherence, particularly in pediatrics.
2) Substance:
'The substance' refers to a specific material under discussion, especially when dealing with active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations. In chewable tablets, the properties of the chosen substances influence the taste, effectiveness, and compatibility with patient needs.
3) Bitter:
'Bitter' refers to one of the primary taste sensations and is often a characteristic of certain drugs. It poses a challenge in formulation, particularly for chewable tablets aimed at children. Taste-masking technologies are employed to conceal bitterness, enhancing patient compliance and medication acceptance.
4) Powder:
'Powder' denotes a fine, dry substance made by grinding or crushing material. In pharmaceutical formulations, powders are critical as they can serve as active ingredients or excipients. The granulation process helps in forming these powders into chewable tablets, impacting their texture and solubility.
5) Water:
'Water' is a key solvent and ingredient in many pharmaceutical formulations, including chewable tablets. It is often involved in the granulation process for binder solutions and helps in achieving the desired tablet hardness and moisture content. Its role in dissolution is also pivotal for drug absorption.
6) Swallowing:
'Swallowing' is the act of moving food or medicine from the mouth to the stomach. Difficulty in swallowing pills is a common issue among certain patient groups, making chewable tablets an attractive alternative as they mitigate the challenges associated with conventional tablet formulations.
7) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' relates to methodologies based on systematic observation and experimentation. In the context of chewable tablets, scientific approaches underpin the design, testing, and quality assessment of these formulations, facilitating advancements that improve patient outcomes.
8) Sugar:
'Sugar' signifies carbohydrates that can enhance the palatability of chewable tablets. Sweeteners, both natural and artificial, mask the bitterness of drugs, improving taste and compliance, particularly among children who are more sensitive to unpleasant flavors in their medication.
9) Patel:
'Patel' is a common surname that often appears in academic publications, referring to contributors or researchers in the field. Researchers with this designation may partake in relevant studies on chewable tablets or pharmaceutical formulations, enhancing the body of knowledge in this discipline.
10) Aroma (A-roma):
'Aroma' refers to the pleasant smell of substances and is a critical characteristic in chewable tablet formulation. Flavoring agents are selected for their aroma to enhance the overall experience of taking the tablet, working in conjunction with sweeteners to create an appealing product.
11) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
'Maharashtra' is a state in India known for its significant contributions to the pharmaceutical industry. The region hosts numerous research institutions and manufacturing facilities, essential for the development of formulations including chewable tablets, focusing on both local and global health needs.
12) Developing:
'Developing' refers to the process of creating and refining pharmaceutical products. This encompasses research, formulation, testing, and manufacturing stages necessary for creating effective chewable tablets that meet patient needs, ensuring both efficacy and improved patient acceptance.
13) Medicine:
'The medicine' refers to a specific pharmacological agent being discussed in formulation contexts. Effective delivery and palatability of the medicine through chewable tablets are critical for therapeutic efficacy and patient adherence, particularly where taste is a barrier.
14) Nilanga (Nila-anga):
'Nilanga' is a town in the Latur district of Maharashtra, India. Its mention may denote a specific locality for research or manufacturing in the pharmaceutical sector, highlighting local contributions to advancements in chewable tablet formulation and quality assurance.
15) Quality:
'Quality' is a measure of a product's adherence to predefined standards. In the pharmaceutical context, the quality of chewable tablets is critical, encompassing parameters like consistency, potency, and taste-masking effectiveness, which directly impact patient acceptance and compliance.
16) Account:
'Account' can refer to the documentation or reporting of processes related to pharmaceutical formulations. This includes maintaining records of formulation development, quality control assessments, and compliance with regulatory standards, all vital for ensuring the efficacy and safety of chewable tablets.
17) Surface:
'Surface' relates to the outer layer of a chewable tablet that is often targeted for flavoring and taste-masking strategies. The surface properties can influence dissolution rates and mouthfeel, integral aspects in achieving desirable patient experiences.
18) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
'Sharma' is another common surname that refers to contributors in the field of research and pharmaceutical sciences. Researchers with this name may focus on various aspects of drug formulation, including chewable tablets, contributing to advancements in taste-masking and patient adherence.
19) India:
'India' is a key player in the global pharmaceutical market, home to a vast array of manufacturers and research institutions. The country's contributions to the development and formulation of chewable tablets reflect significant advancements in addressing patient needs through innovative drug delivery systems.
20) Kumar:
'Kumar' is a common surname within the Indian population and among researchers. Individuals with this surname often engage in pharmaceutical research, potentially focusing on formulation strategies and the development of chewable tablets that enhance patient compliance and satisfaction.
21) Nakar:
'Nagar' typically denotes a locality or town in India. In the pharmaceutical context, it might indicate specific regions where formulation research and development take place, focusing on creating effective chewable tablets to improve medication adherence.
22) Food:
'The food' parallels the experience of consuming tablets, particularly concerning taste and texture. Chewable tablets aim to replicate the positive aspects of food in terms of sensory experience while delivering medicinal compounds effectively to patients.
23) Line:
'Line' indicates a series or range of products within the pharmaceutical industry. The development of a line of chewable tablets can address specific patient demographics, enhancing access to vital medications that are easier to consume and more acceptable.
24) Sour:
'Sour' refers to one of the primary taste sensations, often experienced with certain active ingredients. Understanding how sour affects patient acceptance is essential in chewable tablet formulation, necessitating effective taste-masking methods to ensure medication compliance.
25) Pur:
'Poor' can describe inadequate compliance or acceptance of traditional medication forms among specific patient groups. Addressing these issues through the development of chewable tablets may improve therapeutic outcomes, particularly for children and the elderly who struggle with standard tablets.
26) Life:
'Life' often refers to the quality of life influenced by health and medication. Enhancing quality of life in patients through the development of chewable tablets that are easier to consume directly impacts their overall well-being and treatment adherence.
27) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' pertains to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. Knowledge of pharmacological principles is essential for formulating chewable tablets that deliver drugs effectively while ensuring patient safety and comfort.
28) Chidambaram:
'Chidambaram' may be a reference to a researcher or contributor in pharmaceutical sciences, denoting involvement in research related to chewable tablets and taste-masking technologies to improve patient satisfaction and treatment adherence.
29) Performance:
'Performance' evaluates the effectiveness of chewable tablets in delivering active ingredients while maintaining acceptable taste and texture. Ensuring high performance in these attributes is essential for improving patient compliance, especially in populations sensitive to taste.
30) Colouring (Coloring):
'Colouring' refers to the use of colorants in chewable tablets to enhance visual appeal and patient acceptance. The right colouring agents can improve the overall aesthetics of the tablets, making them more appealing and potentially increasing compliance, especially among children.
31) Fragrance:
'Fragrance' describes pleasant scents added to formulations to enhance sensory appeal. In chewable tablets, fragrance complements taste, working synergistically with flavors and sweeteners to create a more enjoyable consumer experience, particularly important for pediatric patients.
32) Solanki:
'Solanki' represents a researcher or contributor in the pharmaceutical field. Such individuals contribute to advancing knowledge in drug formulation, potentially focusing on improving chewable tablet technology and taste-masking strategies to enhance patient adherence.
33) Shrimal (Srimal):
'Shrimal' may refer to a researcher involved in pharmaceutical studies, contributing to the development of chewable tablets through exploration of taste-masking technologies and formulations that improve medication acceptance and overall efficacy.
34) Cutting:
'Cutting' can describe processes used in pharmaceuticals, particularly when managing tablet size and shape for optimal delivery. In chewable tablets, cutting involves precise formulation techniques to ensure even taste distribution and dissolution characteristics.
35) Worry (Worried, Worrying):
'Worried' reflects the concern patients may have regarding the taste or swallowability of medication. Ensuring chewable tablets are palatable alleviates this worry, leading to improved adherence and overall satisfaction with treatment regimens.
36) Murti (Murtti):
'Moorthi' likely references a researcher or contributor in pharmaceutical sciences, involved in developments around chewable tablets, particularly focused on strategies for improving taste-masking and enhancing the overall patient experience.
37) Shukla (Sukla):
'Shukla' denotes a surname typically associated with researchers contributing to pharmaceutical studies. This may involve investigating formulation challenges and advancements focused on patient adherence to chewable tablets.
38) Thumma:
'Thumma' may pertain to a contributor in pharmaceutical research, focusing on innovations in chewable tablet formulations, particularly in areas such as taste-masking technologies to foster better patient compliance.
39) Family:
'Family' indicates groups of related substances or compounds in pharmaceuticals. Understanding the family of taste types is crucial for formulating chewable tablets that address palatability challenges and enhance medication adherence.
40) Nature:
'Nature' refers to the intrinsic properties of substances. In the context of chewable tablets, understanding the natural characteristics of active ingredients and excipients assists in selecting appropriate formulation strategies for achieving desired sensory effects.
41) Reason:
'Reason' signifies the underlying logic or rationale in pharmaceutical formulations. The reason for choosing specific excipients or technologies in chewable tablet production often hinges on their ability to enhance taste-masking and patient compliance.
42) Indian:
'Indian' highlights the geographical and cultural influences on pharmaceutical practices. The Indian pharmaceutical industry plays a vital role in developing innovative products like chewable tablets that cater to both local and global markets.
43) Gupta:
'Gupta' is a common surname associated with researchers in the pharmaceutical domain. Individuals with this designation may contribute significantly to studies around chewable tablets, focusing on formulation techniques and patient-centric solutions.
44) Nanda (Namda):
'Nanda' may represent a researcher or academic in pharmaceutical sciences engaging with studies, particularly focused on formulation aspects of chewable tablets and advancements in taste-masking techniques.
45) Candy:
'Candy' often represents sweet confections that can influence the perception of chewable tablets. Implementing candy-like flavors and textures in tablet formulations helps in making medicines more appealing to children and those with aversions to traditional pills.
46) Patil:
'Patil' is a common surname that may indicate involvement in academic research within the pharmaceutical sciences, contributing to innovations in dosage form development, particularly chewable tablets designed for enhanced patient adherence.
47) Glass:
'Glass' often serves as a reference for fluid consumption, crucial for traditional tablet administration. In the context of chewable tablets, reducing dependence on water enhances convenience, especially for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills.
48) Honey:
'Honey' embodies a natural sweetener known for its distinct flavor and aroma. Its potential use in chewable tablets can enhance taste and patient acceptance, tapping into natural ingredients to create formulations that are both effective and palatable.
49) House:
'House' may refer to a place or organization integral to pharmaceutical research and development. Collaborations within such houses can lead to innovations in chewable tablet formulations that prioritize patient needs for effective and easy-to-consume medications.
50) Salt (Salty):
'Salt' signifies a compound that enhances flavor in food and pharmaceuticals. Understanding how salt interacts with chewable tablet formulations is important for creating balanced tastes, ensuring that medications are both effective and palatable for consumers.
51) Tera:
'Thera' likely refers to therapeutic aspects related to pharmaceuticals, highlighting the importance of delivering medications effectively through formulations like chewable tablets, which aim to enhance patient experience and adherence to treatment regimens.
52) Giri:
'Giri' may denote a contributor to pharmaceutical studies, focusing on formulation techniques for chewable tablets that address challenges in taste and palatability, ultimately aiming to improve patient satisfaction.
53) Puri:
'Puri' can be a reference to a geographic location or a surname associated with researchers. Contributions from individuals or entities in this category might focus on innovations in drug formulation aimed at enhancing chewable tablet offerings.
54) Rana:
'Rana' may indicate a researcher or practitioner involved in pharmaceutical sciences, possibly engaging with studies aimed at improving the formulation and acceptability of chewable tablets through advanced taste-masking technologies.
55) Sah:
'Shah' is a common surname in the realm of pharmacy, which may represent researchers or contributors working on pharmaceutical formulation innovations. Their work may focus on optimization strategies for chewable tablets and patient adherence improvements.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Formulating and Evaluating Chewable Tablets with Bitter Masking Techniques’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Flavouring agent, Flavoring agent, Clinical studies, Bioavailability, Moisture content, Regulatory bodies, Active ingredient, Evaluation criteria, Patient compliance, Wet granulation, Chewable tablet, Paediatric patients.