Concept of vedna-adhyayam in relation to diagnosis of paediatric diseases
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Concept of vedna-adhyayam in relation to diagnosis of paediatric diseases
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Ankur Sinha, Kapil Kumar, Manisha Rani and Neetu K. Kalra
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Concept of vedna-adhyayam in relation to diagnosis of paediatric diseases
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20235-27469
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The concept of Vedna-Adhyayam, as described in the Kashyapa Samhita, holds significant clinical importance in the diagnosis of pediatric diseases, particularly for newborns and infants who are unable to articulate their ailments. This ancient Ayurvedic text, attributed to Acharya Kashyapa and dating back to the 6th century B.C., provides an elaborate framework for understanding the etiological factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of various pediatric diseases. The chapter outlines distinct symptoms that serve as indicators for diagnosing health issues in children who cannot express their pain or discomfort, thereby emphasizing the role of careful observation in medical practice.
Understanding Symptoms in Vedna-Adhyayam
One of the key concepts in Vedna-Adhyayam is the intricate mapping of symptoms to corresponding pediatric conditions. The text categorizes various ailments and describes the symptoms in detail, which allows healthcare practitioners to diagnose conditions based on observable signs. For instance, Shirashoola (headache) symptoms may include a child rolling their head, closing their eyes repeatedly, excessive crying, and difficulty sleeping. Similarly, the symptoms of Karnavedna (earache) involve the child frequently touching their ears, restlessness, and refusal to eat. This nuanced approach aids in the accurate identification of ailments in children who cannot verbally communicate their experiences, ultimately guiding better treatment plans.
The Significance of Feeding Patterns
In addition to pain-related symptoms, Vedna-Adhyayam discusses changes in feeding patterns as critical diagnostic markers. For instance, conditions such as Mukharoga (diseases of the buccal cavity) can render a child unwilling to breastfeed, along with excessive salivation and vomiting. Likewise, Paandu (anemia) results in a lack of enthusiasm for feeding, swelling around the umbilicus, and digestive disturbances. The text thus highlights the importance of recognizing alterations in feeding habits as a pathway to understanding and diagnosing underlying health conditions in pediatrics, reinforcing the concept of holistic observation in Ayurveda.
The Role of Physical Symptoms
The chapter also emphasizes physical symptoms, such as swelling and pain characteristics, in diagnosing pediatric diseases. Specific presentations, like swelling in the eyes indicative of Chakshu Roga, or swelling around the umbilicus associated with Pandu Roga, provide essential clues to practitioners. The nature of the pain—be it burning, pricking, or discomfort during micturition—also directs attention to particular conditions like Visuchika (cholera) or Mutrakricha (dysuria). These observations not only help in pinpointing the diagnosis but also contribute to a deeper understanding of how internal imbalances manifest externally in children, allowing for more effective intervention.
Conclusion
The Vedna-Adhyayam chapter in the Kashyapa Samhita offers invaluable insights into the diagnosis of pediatric diseases through the lens of symptomatology. By leveraging observable signs, including unique expressions of pain, altered feeding habits, and physical manifestations, practitioners can make informed decisions regarding treatment plans for infants and newborns. This holistic diagnostic approach underscores the importance of meticulous observation in Ayurveda and provides a foundation for further research and clinical correlation, ultimately enhancing pediatric healthcare delivery.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the significance of Vedna-Adhyayam in Ayurveda for infants?
Vedna-Adhyayam, detailed in Kashyapa Samhita, aids in diagnosing diseases in newborns and infants who cannot articulate their pain, emphasizing symptoms for accurate assessment.
What does the term Vedna-Adhyayam mean in Ayurvedic texts?
Vedna means 'pain' and Adhyaya means 'chapter.' Thus, Vedna-Adhyayam describes diagnosing diseases based on the child's expressions and behaviours when they cannot communicate their suffering.
How does Kashyapa Samhita aid in diagnosing pediatric diseases?
Kashyapa Samhita outlines the etiological factors and symptoms of various pediatric diseases, providing a framework for understanding both diagnosis and treatment based on observable signs.
What common symptoms indicate that a child has Shirashoola (headache)?
Symptoms of Shirashoola include rolling the head, closing the eyes frequently, excessive crying, and inability to sleep properly, indicating potential headache in the child.
What symptoms are associated with Karnavedna (earache) in children?
A child suffering from Karnavedna may frequently touch their ears, experience giddiness, feel restless, lose appetite, and have trouble sleeping, indicating ear pain.
How do sleep patterns relate to the diagnosis of pediatric diseases?
Altered sleep patterns in infants, such as excessive crying or restlessness, are indicative of various diseases and help clinicians diagnose underlying health issues effectively.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Concept of vedna-adhyayam in relation to diagnosis of paediatric diseases”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Suffering:
Suffering refers to the experience of physical or emotional distress. In the context of pediatric care, it is crucial to identify the manifestations of suffering in infants who cannot articulate their pain. Understanding suffering helps in providing appropriate interventions and improving the quality of care in medical practices like Ayurveda.
2) Disease:
Diseases encompass a range of conditions negatively impacting overall health. In the context of the Vedna-Adhyayam, specifically pediatric diseases, it is vital to recognize that infants exhibit unique symptoms. The categorization of diseases aids healthcare professionals in diagnosing and applying suitable treatments, especially in Ayurveda.
3) Pain:
Pain is a central symptom that indicates discomfort or distress, often serving as a critical diagnostic point. In infants, recognizing signs of pain is essential, as they cannot verbally communicate. Ayurvedic practices focus on understanding pain through observation, which is key to diagnosing and treating various pediatric conditions.
4) Simha:
Sinha is the surname of one of the authors, Dr. Ankur Sinha, who contributes to the research on pediatric diseases from an Ayurvedic perspective. His expertise in Samhita Siddhanta underscores the importance of traditional knowledge in diagnosing health issues in infants, integrating ancient wisdom with modern practices.
5) Kashyapa (Kasyapa, Kashya-pa):
Kashyapa refers to the ancient sage and author of the Kashyapa Samhita, an essential Ayurvedic text focusing on children's health. His teachings form the foundation of many Ayurvedic diagnostic and treatment practices, offering a comprehensive approach to understanding pediatric ailments through detailed observation.
6) Samhita:
Samhita denotes a collection of texts or treatises in Ayurveda. The Kashyapa Samhita specifically addresses the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric diseases, emphasizing a holistic understanding of health. The systematic approach provided in Samhitas is crucial for preserving the Ayurvedic tradition.
7) Roga:
Roga is the term for disease in Sanskrit, encompassing various ailments addressed in Ayurvedic medicine. It plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and treating health issues, particularly in children, where recognizing Rogas based on symptoms helps health practitioners tailor interventions effectively for their patients.
8) Swelling:
Swelling refers to the abnormal enlargement of body parts, often signaling underlying health issues. In the context of pediatric diagnostics, specific swellings might correlate with certain diseases. Ayurvedic practitioners use these signs to determine effective treatment plans and restore the balance of health in infants.
9) Kashyapasamhita (Kasyapasamhita, Kashyapa-samhita):
Kashyapa-samhita is an ancient Ayurvedic text attributed to the sage Kashyapa, extensively detailing various aspects of child healthcare. Its clinical significance lies in its comprehensive approach to diagnosing and treating pediatric diseases, offering vital insights into the management of health in newborns and infants.
10) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic healing system originating in India, emphasizing balance between body, mind, and spirit. It comprises various practices aimed at disease prevention and treatment. The significance of Ayurveda, particularly in pediatric care, is reflected in texts like the Kashyapa Samhita, promoting a nuanced understanding of children's health.
11) Kandu (Kamdu):
Kandu refers to itching or irritation, often associated with skin disorders. Understanding Kandu is crucial in pediatric practice since children may not verbally express discomfort. Identifying Kandu-related symptoms aids practitioners in diagnosing conditions and determining effective Ayurvedic treatments to alleviate discomfort in young patients.
12) Salivation:
Salivation is the production of saliva, which can indicate oral or systemic health issues in infants. Excessive salivation may be symptomatic of specific diseases outlined in Ayurvedic texts. Recognizing signs of abnormal salivation enables healthcare providers to assess potential conditions and initiate appropriate Ayurvedic remedies.
13) Inflammation:
Inflammation denotes the body's response to injury or infection, often characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. In infants, inflammation can signify various underlying health problems. Ayurvedic approaches to inflammation focus on restoring balance and using natural remedies to alleviate acute and chronic symptoms effectively.
14) Visarpa:
Visarpa refers to a specific type of skin disease described in Ayurvedic texts, often characterized by inflammatory skin eruptions. Identifying Visarpa in children is crucial due to its potential severity. Ayurvedic principles guide the treatment of such conditions by focusing on balancing bodily doshas for effective healing.
15) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning sensations, particularly in the context of diseases like Visarpa, indicate underlying inflammation or heat in the body. Understanding these symptoms helps Ayurvedic practitioners identify conditions affecting infants, guiding them toward appropriate therapies that restore balance and comfort to the patient.
16) Thirst:
Thirst is a physiological need that can indicate dehydration or illness, especially in infants. Recognizing excessive thirst in pediatric patients can be vital for early diagnosis of diseases like Prameha. Ayurvedic practices often focus on balancing bodily fluids and addressing root causes of excessive thirst.
17) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a holistic medical system that integrates physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. The relevance of Ayurveda in the treatment of pediatric diseases underscores the country's rich tradition of healthcare practices rooted in historical texts like the Kashyapa Samhita.
18) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom of various pediatric diseases, signaling the body's response to infection or inflammation. In Ayurveda, understanding the nature of fever is essential for diagnostic purposes, as its characteristics can guide the selection of appropriate treatments to restore health in children.
19) Milk:
Milk is a primary source of nutrition for infants, but it can also be implicated in certain diseases when consumed excessively or improperly. Ayurvedic texts often explore the relationship between milk intake and various health conditions, emphasizing balanced dietary practices for optimal pediatric health.
20) Shushka (Suska):
Shushka refers to dryness, often discussed in relation to skin or body conditions. In pediatric contexts, identifying Shushka can help clinicians diagnose issues like dehydration or skin disorders. Ayurvedic treatments for dryness focus on rehydration and restoring moisture to affected areas.
21) Chardi:
Chardi denotes vomiting, a common symptom that can indicate various health issues in infants. Understanding the cause of Chardi in children is critical for effective treatment. Ayurvedic methods involve assessing digestion and employing remedies to restore balance, ensuring the child stays nourished.
22) Desire:
Desires refer to the innate needs and instincts in infants, such as hunger or thirst. Recognizing irregularities in desires is essential for identifying potential health problems. Ayurvedic care focuses on understanding desires, adjusting nutritional practices, and addressing any imbalances that may affect overall well-being.
23) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
Arsha, or hemorrhoids, are often overlooked in pediatric patients but can cause significant discomfort. Recognizing symptoms of Arsha is essential for appropriate treatment. Ayurvedic approaches emphasize balancing bodily doshas to alleviate symptoms, ensuring holistic care that addresses the root causes of the condition.
24) Blood:
Blood is crucial in assessing health, as its quality and characteristics can reflect overall well-being. In pediatric medicine, abnormalities associated with blood conditions like anemia are critical in diagnosis. Ayurvedic practices aim to restore balance through dietary interventions and herbal remedies.
25) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is a significant symptom often indicating inflammation or irritation within the body. Recognizing a burning sensation, particularly in conditions like Visarpa or certain infections, is vital for accurate diagnosis and determining effective Ayurvedic treatments aimed at restoring health.
26) Siddhanta (Siddha-anta, Siddhamta):
Siddhanta refers to the foundational principles or theories in Ayurveda. Understanding Siddhanta is crucial for practitioners, as these precepts guide diagnosis and treatment approaches, especially in pediatrics where traditional knowledge is blended with modern medical practices to establish effective care.
27) Mukharoga (Mukha-roga):
Mukharoga pertains to diseases of the oral cavity, affecting infants’ ability to feed and overall health. Recognizing symptoms of Mukharoga is vital for pediatric diagnosis. Ayurveda offers insights into managing these conditions, emphasizing holistic treatment strategies to alleviate pain and restore normal function.
28) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a symptom often encountered in infants, indicating various physiological disturbances. Identifying the underlying causes of vomiting assists in timely intervention. In Ayurveda, understanding patterns of vomiting guides practitioners in selecting appropriate remedies that restore balance and promote better health.
29) Alasaka:
Alasaka refers to a condition characterized by weakness and inability to maintain body posture, often indicating underlying health issues in a child. Identifying Alasaka symptoms is crucial for providing adequate care. Ayurvedic treatments focus on physical and nutritional therapies to support recovery and strength.
30) Trishna (Trsna):
Trishna means excessive thirst, a common symptom observed during illness or dehydration in infants. Recognizing Trishna is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention. Ayurvedic practices emphasize restoring balance through hydration and tailored nutritional strategies to alleviate thirst and ensure overall well-being.
31) Prameha:
Prameha signifies urinary disorders often linked to metabolic abnormalities. In pediatric patients, recognizing Prameha symptoms is vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Ayurvedic approaches strive to address underlying imbalances contributing to such conditions, utilizing dietary and herbal remedies to restore health.
32) Ashmari (Asmari):
Ashmari refers to kidney stones or urinary calculi, conditions that can cause significant pain and discomfort in children. Early identification of Ashmari symptoms is critical. Ayurveda approaches the treatment of Ashmari through dietary modifications and herbal treatments aimed at dissolving stones and alleviating symptoms.
33) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities or characteristics of symptoms that aid in diagnosis. Understanding the nature of various conditions, particularly in children, helps practitioners differentiate between diseases. Ayurvedic texts emphasize the importance of symptomatology to tailor effective treatments for individual patients.
34) Crying:
Crying is a primary form of communication for infants, often indicating discomfort, hunger, or other needs. Understanding the context of crying is essential for diagnosis. In Ayurveda, practitioners observe crying patterns to assess health issues, enabling appropriate interventions to soothe and support the infant’s well-being.
35) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda, representing the three bodily humors: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Understanding Dosha imbalances is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases in children. Ayurvedic practices focus on restoring Dosha balance through dietary and lifestyle adjustments, promoting overall health.
36) Jvara:
Jvara refers to fever, a universal symptom that can indicate various health issues in infants. Accurate understanding of Jvara's nature and characteristics is critical for effective diagnosis in Ayurveda. Practitioners assess fever patterns to inform treatment options aimed at restoring health and comfort.
37) Graha:
Graha refers to disorders associated with obstructive conditions in Ayurvedic terminology. Understanding Graha is essential for diagnosing specific health issues, particularly in children. Ayurvedic practices seek to alleviate these disorders through holistic treatments that restore balance to the affected systems.
38) Hikka:
Hikka denotes hiccups, a common but often benign symptom in infants. Understanding the frequency and cause of Hikka is important for pediatric care. Ayurvedic approaches may involve various remedies to soothe and relieve discomfort associated with hiccups while ensuring infants remain comfortable and healthy.
39) Karna:
Karna refers to the ear, and ear-related ailments are crucial components of pediatric health assessments. Recognizing symptoms related to Karna is essential for identifying ear infections or pain. Ayurvedic treatments often focus on addressing infections and restoring balance to promote recovery.
40) Gala (Galam):
Gala signifies the throat and encompasses related health conditions in pediatrics. Understanding symptoms associated with Gala, such as pain or coughing, is critical for diagnosis. Ayurveda provides insights into treating throat-related issues through dietary and herbal remedies aimed at alleviating pain and restoring health.
41) Pina:
Pina refers to nasal congestion or related symptoms that can significantly affect infants. Recognizing signs of Pina is essential for timely intervention. Ayurvedic treatment approaches focus on clearing nasal passages and restoring respiratory health through natural remedies.
42) Fire:
Fire represents the digestive fire, or Agni, which is vital in Ayurveda for proper digestion and metabolism. Understanding the role of fire in health helps practitioners identify imbalances affecting children's digestive health. Restoration of Agni through dietary practices is key to promoting overall wellness.
43) Human body:
The human body is the physical vessel that Ayurveda seeks to understand and heal. The interconnected systems and their imbalances are crucial for diagnosing diseases in infants. Ayurvedic practice emphasizes comprehensive approaches to maintain and restore health within the human body, considering physical, mental, and spiritual aspects.
44) Horripilation:
Horripilation refers to the involuntary contraction of hair follicles, often indicating stress or cold sensations. This physiological response may relate to underlying health conditions. Understanding horripilation in children aids in diagnosis, allowing Ayurvedic practitioners to explore its causes and recommend appropriate treatments.
45) Unconscious:
Unconscious refers to a state where an individual is unaware of their surroundings. In infants, episodes of unconsciousness may indicate serious health issues. Recognizing signs of unconsciousness is vital for practitioners to prompt urgent interventions, ensuring children's safety and well-being during critical medical situations.
46) Vishtambha (Vistambha):
Vishtambha refers to constipation, often a significant concern in pediatric health. Understanding the causes and symptoms of Vishtambha allows practitioners to diagnose digestion-related issues effectively. Ayurvedic strategies focus on dietary changes and herbal remedies to alleviate symptoms and restore normal bowel function.
47) Galagraha (Gala-graha):
Gala-graha relates to disorders of the throat characterized by obstruction and may indicate more significant health issues. Recognizing symptoms associated with Gala-graha is crucial for diagnosing throat-related diseases in children. Ayurvedic treatments often target these obstructions to restore normal function.
48) Hikkaroga (Hikka-roga):
Hikka-roga pertains to disorders involving hiccups, highlighting the significance of this symptom in assessing infant health. Recognizing Hikka-roga's patterns assists in determining underlying conditions. Ayurvedic approaches aim to address the causes of hiccups and provide relief through natural remedies.
49) Discussion:
Discussion signifies the dialogue and exploration of ideas surrounding health practices. Engaging in discussions about Ayurveda and pediatric health fosters understanding and shared knowledge among practitioners. This collaborative exploration is vital for enhancing healthcare approaches and finding innovative solutions to health issues in children.
50) Knowledge:
Knowledge forms the basis of effective healthcare, especially in Ayurveda, where understanding ancient texts and principles is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. The acquisition of knowledge about specific diseases enables healthcare practitioners to apply appropriate Ayurvedic techniques tailored to the needs of infants and children.
51) Stiffness:
Stiffness in the body can indicate underlying issues affecting mobility and comfort in children. Recognizing symptoms of stiffness is essential for diagnosing conditions related to musculoskeletal health. Ayurvedic practices focus on restoring flexibility through targeted therapies and interventions aimed at alleviating discomfort.
52) Shleshma (Slesma):
Shleshma pertains to mucus and its role in bodily functions. In Ayurveda, understanding Shleshma is crucial for diagnosing respiratory and gastrointestinal health issues. Imbalances in these bodily fluids can lead to various conditions, highlighting the importance of maintaining equilibrium for overall pediatric health.
53) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating is a physiological response to various stimuli, including heat and illness. In infants, changes in sweating patterns may indicate underlying health issues. Recognizing abnormal sweating is vital for accurate diagnosis, guiding Ayurvedic practitioners in selecting therapies to restore balance and comfort.
54) Nostril:
Nostril is another term for the nasal passage, critical in assessing respiratory health. Ilnesses affecting the nostril can lead to complications in infants. Ayurvedic medicine emphasizes holistic care for nasal health, enhancing overall well-being through targeted natural treatments.
55) Cutting:
Cutting refers to sharp, localized pain, which can signify various health conditions in children. Recognizing cutting pain helps practitioners diagnose specific ailments, particularly in cases of injury or infection. Ayurvedic approaches aim to alleviate pain through natural remedies and holistic treatments that address the root causes.
56) Hridya (Hrdya):
Hridya refers to the heart, both as a physical organ and as a center of emotion in Ayurveda. Understanding heart health is crucial in pediatric practice, as various conditions can manifest in symptoms related to the heart, necessitating holistic interventions to promote overall well-being.
57) Reason:
Reason pertains to the rationale behind symptoms and conditions, guiding diagnosis and treatment decisions. Understanding the reasons for a child's health issues is essential for practitioners in Ayurveda to address root causes effectively, promoting improved health outcomes through evidence-based and experienced strategies.
58) Insect:
Insect refers to small creatures that can impact health through bites, stings, or diseases. Understanding the effects of insect interactions is essential for pediatric care, especially in preventing and treating insect-borne illnesses. Ayurveda often emphasizes natural remedies for managing the symptoms related to insect encounters.
59) Karma (Karman):
Karma represents the philosophy of action and its consequences. In Ayurvedic medicine, karma underpins the understanding of health conditions and individuals' experiences. Practitioners consider karma when diagnosing and treating patients, recognizing how past actions can influence current health outcomes.
60) Mukha:
Mukha refers to the face and its associated health manifestations. In pediatrics, observing symptoms on the Mukha can reveal significant health insights. Ayurvedic practices emphasize the connection between facial signs and overall health, guiding tailored remedies to promote well-being in children.
61) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu refers to anemia, a condition characterized by reduced hemoglobin levels. Understanding Pandu is vital in pediatric health, as it can affect growth and development. Ayurvedic treatments focus on dietary adjustments and herbal remedies to boost hemoglobin and restore energy levels in affected children.
62) Kumar:
Kumar refers to a male child, pivotal in the context of pediatric healthcare. Understanding the unique health needs of Kumars is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Ayurveda provides guidelines for addressing childhood ailments, ensuring proper growth and development through holistic approaches.
63) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush encompasses traditional Indian systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, emphasizing health and well-being. The significance of Ayush in pediatric care underlines the integration of ancient knowledge with modern practices for not only treating but also preventing childhood illnesses.
64) Water:
Water is essential for hydration and overall health, particularly in infants who are more vulnerable to dehydration. Recognizing an infant's hydration needs is pivotal for maintaining their health. Ayurvedic practices promote balanced fluid intake to support bodily functions and prevent dehydration in young children.
65) Field:
Field refers to the specialized area of study or practice, such as Ayurveda in pediatric healthcare. Understanding the unique characteristics of this field enables practitioners to apply relevant techniques and knowledge effectively, enhancing the overall care and treatment options available for children.
66) Study (Studying):
Study represents the systematic exploration and examination of health principles and practices. Engaging in study, particularly within Ayurveda, allows practitioners to deepen their understanding of child ailments, equipping them with the knowledge necessary for effective diagnosis and treatment in pediatric settings.
67) Hand:
Hand represents the tangible connection between caregivers and infants. In pediatric care, the examination of hands can reveal important health insights. Observing hand movements and conditions assists practitioners in diagnosing issues, guiding effective Ayurvedic treatments tailored to the child's needs.
68) Rani:
Rani is another author of the study, contributing to the research on pediatric diseases within Ayurveda. Collaborative efforts among authors like Rani foster a comprehensive understanding of health issues, enhancing the depth of knowledge available for treating infants and integrating traditional Ayurvedic wisdom.
69) Sign:
Sign refers to observable indicators of health issues. Recognizing signs, particularly in pediatric patients, is vital for diagnosis. Ayurvedic practitioners rely on visible signs to inform treatment decisions, ensuring that interventions align with the child’s specific health needs and conditions.
70) Shand (Sand):
Sand symbolizes the minute details of a problem, like finding small particles indicative of a condition. In Ayurveda, recognizing such details can inform diagnosis and treatment strategies, helping practitioners identify the specific needs of infant patients, and ensuring focused and effective care.
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