Pharmaco-analytical study of trayodashanga guggulu vati

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pharmaco-analytical study of trayodashanga guggulu vati
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Sreekala A. P., Anup B. Thakar, Harisha C. R. and Shukla V. J.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Pharmaco-analytical study of trayodashanga guggulu vati

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20235-27440

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Trayodashanga Guggulu is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation recognized for its efficacy in treating Vata-Kapha conditions, particularly in nervous and musculoskeletal disorders. This study emphasizes the importance of drug standardization to ensure product quality, efficacy, and uniformity, particularly since Ayurvedic formulations often consist of complex polyherbal combinations. The research involved a comprehensive pharmacognostical evaluation, pharmaceutical assessments, and microbiological investigations to ascertain the quality and safety of Trayodashanga Guggulu. By adhering to rigorous standards of identification and authentication, the study aims to generate reliable data for future Ayurvedic research.

Pharmacognostical Evaluation

Pharmacognostical evaluation forms a crucial aspect of studying medicinal formulations as it assesses the qualitative characteristics of the ingredients. In this study, organoleptic examination revealed that Trayodashanga Guggulu has a blackish color, ghee-like odor, and astringent to bitter taste, alongside a hard texture. Microscopic evaluations of the powdered samples allowed for the identification of distinct phytochemical markers and cellular structures for the twelve ingredients. This examination aids in ensuring the authenticity of the formulation and confirms that standard pharmacognostic parameters are met for quality assurance.

Pharmaceutical Evaluation

The pharmaceutical evaluation of Trayodashanga Guggulu involved multiple analytical parameters prescribed by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Key findings included a loss on drying of 7.75%, an ash value of 13.25%, and a pH of 6.5. The water solubility and alcohol solubility were recorded at 25.26% and 17.6%, respectively. These results not only confirm that the formulation meets Ayurvedic standards but also provide insights into its chemical constituents, which are essential for understanding its therapeutic properties. The rigorous evaluation ensures that manufacturing processes adhere to quality control measures, enhancing credibility in Ayurvedic medicinal practices.

HPTLC and Microbiological Investigation

High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was employed to create a fingerprint of the Trayodashanga Guggulu formulation, revealing seven major spots under short wave UV light (254 nm) and five under long wave UV light (366 nm). This reveals the presence of several active compounds that could contribute to the therapeutic effects of the formulation. Additionally, microbiological assessments confirmed the absence of microbial contamination, thus indicating proper hygiene during the preparation and packaging processes. These analyses provide a solid foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the formulation’s safety and efficacy.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study on Trayodashanga Guggulu substantiates the necessity of quality control throughout the preparation stages, from sourcing to final product assessment. The adherence to pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical evaluation methods, alongside advanced techniques like HPTLC, confirms the formulation's authenticity and safety. The absence of microbial contamination underscores the importance of maintaining hygiene standards in Ayurvedic practices. The findings contribute valuable data that can inspire future research endeavors, fostering increased standardization and credibility in the field of Ayurveda.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Trayodashanga Guggulu and its purpose?

Trayodashanga Guggulu is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation effective in treating Vatakapha conditions, especially associated with nervous and musculoskeletal disorders.

What methods were used for the analysis of Trayodashanga Guggulu?

The analysis involved pharmacognostical evaluation, pharmaceutical evaluations, HPTLC study, and microbiological investigations to assess the quality, efficacy, and authenticity of the formulation.

What are the key organoleptic properties of Trayodashanga Guggulu?

The formulation is characterized by a blackish color, ghee-like odor, astringent and bitter taste, and a hard texture.

What are the results of the pharmaceutical evaluation?

Key results included a loss on drying of 7.75%, ash value of 13.25%, water solubility of 25.26%, and alcohol solubility of 17.6%, all within acceptable limits.

What does the HPTLC evaluation reveal about the formulation?

HPTLC evaluation showed six major spots at 254nm and five spots at 366nm, indicating the presence of various compounds responsible for the therapeutic effects.

Were there any microbial contaminants found in the formulation?

No microbial or fungal pathogens were isolated during microbiological investigations, confirming proper hygiene during preparation and storage.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmaco-analytical study of trayodashanga guggulu vati”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
The term 'drugs' collectively refers to various substances used in the treatment of diseases or medical conditions. Understanding the pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic efficacy of individual drugs is vital, especially in traditional medicine where multiple herbs are combined, as seen in formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu.

2) Vati:
'The vati' emphasizes the specific formulation being studied, which relates to how these pills are created, their composition, and their intended health benefits. This highlights the importance of tablet form in Ayurveda for ease of administration and dosage accuracy, making it significant for patient compliance and regulatory purposes.

3) Guggulu:
'Guggulu' refers specifically to the resin obtained from the Commiphora mukul tree, used in Ayurvedic formulations for its therapeutic properties. It serves as a key ingredient in Trayodashanga Guggulu, contributing to the formulation's effectiveness in treating Vata and Kapha conditions, emphasizing the relevance of herbal components in therapeutic practices.

4) Water:
'The water' references the solvent used in various extraction processes to analyze the aqueous properties of herbs within the formulation. Water's role is fundamental in determining the extractive properties and ensuring that active ingredients are effectively mobilized for therapeutic use, ensuring proper quality control in Ayurveda.

5) Quality:
'The quality' reiterates the necessity for maintaining high standards in the preparation and formulation of Ayurvedic products. A focus on quality ensures the safety, efficacy, and consistency of medicinal products such as Trayodashanga Guggulu, which is crucial for sustaining trust in traditional medicine practices and improving health outcomes.

6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' is a traditional system of medicine originating from India, emphasizing natural healing methods. It integrates herbal treatments, dietary guidelines, and lifestyle practices, focusing on balancing the body’s energies. The study underscores the relevance of Ayurvedic principles in drug preparation and the necessity for scientific evaluation of traditional remedies.

7) India:
'India' is the geographical and cultural origin of Ayurveda, making it central to the development and practice of traditional medicine. The regulatory standards and pharmacopoeia that govern Ayurvedic formulations are deeply rooted in Indian culture and historical practices, shaping the guidelines for research, production, and quality assessments for herbal drugs.

8) Training:
'Training' signifies the educational process required to understand the intricacies of Ayurvedic medicine, including formulation, quality control, and pharmacognosy. This is essential for practitioners and researchers, ensuring they are well-equipped to create, assess, and apply traditional medicines safely and effectively in clinical settings and research.

9) Ghi (Ghee):
'Ghee' is clarified butter used widely in Ayurvedic preparations. It serves as both a medium for conjunction with herbal medicines and a vehicle for enhancing absorption. Ghee's role in the formulation of Vati adds to its therapeutic potency, reflecting the importance of carriers in medicinal efficacy.

10) Table:
'Table' refers to the tabulated data presented within the research, summarizing significant observations and measurements. Tables serve to organize findings in a clear, visual format that enhances comprehension of complex data, such as pharmacognostical analysis and pharmaco-chemical results relevant to the study of Trayodashanga Guggulu.

11) Study (Studying):
'Study' indicates a systematic investigation into the pharmacological and analytical properties of Trayodashanga Guggulu. It plays a pivotal role in assessing its efficacy and safety, contributing important knowledge to the field of Ayurveda and bridging the gap between ancient practices and modern scientific validation.

12) Gujarat:
'Gujarat' is the state in India where the research was conducted, housing institutions specializing in Ayurveda. This geographical context provides relevance to the study, as it influences the availability of local herbs, the adoption of traditional practices, and the integration of Ayurveda into modern healthcare systems, reflecting regional cultural practices in medicine.

13) Bitter:
'Bitter' pertains to one of the organoleptic properties of drugs, indicating flavor profile that can influence the therapeutic effects and acceptability of a medication. Bitter substances often play a role in stimulating digestive functions and can aid in the treatment of various health conditions, which is significant in traditional formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu.

14) Tinospora cordifolia:
'Tinospora cordifolia' is one of the herbal ingredients included in Trayodashanga Guggulu known for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Its inclusion in the formulation provides autoimmune and health-promoting benefits, aligning with the holistic approach of Ayurveda in treating Vata and Kapha disorders.

15) Zingiber officinale:
'Zingiber officinale' or ginger is another key component in the formulation, recognized for its anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits. Its presence in Ayurvedic medicine enhances the therapeutic effects of Vati against various ailments and signifies the importance of synergistic actions from multiple herbs in traditional formulations.

16) Withania somnifera:
'Withania somnifera', commonly known as Ashwagandha, is an essential herb in the formulation known for its adaptogenic properties. Its role in enhancing overall body resilience and stress resistance makes it a valuable ingredient in Ayurvedic recipes, particularly in formulations aimed at treating Vata-related conditions and enhancing vitality.

17) Asparagus racemosus:
'Asparagus racemosus', also known as Shatavari, is included in the formulation for its reputed health benefits, especially for female reproductive health. Its adaptogenic, nutrient-rich properties contribute to the holistic approach of Ayurveda, balancing bodily functions and promoting overall well-being as part of complex herbal combinations.

18) Tribulus terrestris:
'Tribulus terrestris' is a plant incorporated in Ayurveda for its various health benefits, including enhancing energy levels and overall vitality. Its addition to Trayodashanga Guggulu indicates a focus on revitalizing properties essential for treating ailments associated with Vata imbalance, showcasing the herbs' synergy within the formulation.

19) Pharmacognostical:
'Pharmacognostical' analysis relates to the study of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of drugs, including their origin and composition. This is crucial in validating the efficacy and safety of traditional Ayurvedic formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu by ensuring that proper identification and quality control are maintained throughout the preparation process.

20) Observation:
'Observation' emphasizes the act of closely monitoring and noting specific details related to the study's outcomes, such as physical characteristics and reactions during testing. This meticulous approach is integral for drawing reliable conclusions regarding the formulation's quality, efficacy, and safety in Ayurvedic medicine.

21) Ashvagandha (Asvagandha, Ashwagandha, Ashvagamdha, Ashva-gandha):
'Ashwagandha' is another name for Withania somnifera, renowned for its adaptogenic properties that help the body manage stress. This herb is integral to Trayodashanga Guggulu, providing benefits for strength and vitality while also balancing Vata, reflective of its significance in Ayurvedic healing practices.

22) Science (Scientific):
'Science' signifies the systematic study and application of knowledge through observation and experimentation. In this study, applying scientific principles to analyze and validate Ayurvedic practices bridges the gap between ancient traditions and modern healthcare needs, facilitating evidence-based assessments of treatments.

23) Shatavari (Satavari):
'Shatavari' is the common name for Asparagus racemosus, traditionally used to improve female reproductive health and increase vitality. Its presence in the formulation of Trayodashanga Guggulu highlights the importance of incorporating widely recognized herbal ingredients into Ayurvedic blends for balanced health benefits.

24) Substance:
'Substances' signifies the various constituents involved in the formulation, whether they are plant-derived or mineral-based, emphasizing the complexity and diversity of ingredients in traditional medicines. Recognizing these substances aids in understanding their interactions, effects, and contributions to the overall therapeutic efficacy of Ayurvedic formulations.

25) Hapusha (Hapusa):
'Hapusha' refers to Juniperus communis, another vital herb in the formulation of Trayodashanga Guggulu. It possesses anti-inflammatory properties, enriching the preparation’s overall benefit for conditions related to Vata imbalance and emphasizing the role of diverse botanicals in Ayurvedic medicine for holistic treatment.

26) Mineral:
'Mineral' refers to the inorganic constituents often present in Ayurvedic medicines. In the context of Trayodashanga Guggulu, understanding the mineral content is crucial for quality assessment and ensuring that the formulation adheres to safety and efficacy standards as outlined in the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia.

27) Guduci:
'Guduci', or Tinospora cordifolia, is acknowledged for its detoxifying and health-promoting benefits. Its incorporation in Ayurvedic formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu underlines its significance in boosting immunity and providing therapeutic effects for various health conditions, demonstrating the importance of traditional knowledge in modern healing practices.

28) Yavani:
'Yavani' refers to Trachyspermum ammi, a spice with medicinal properties that is included in Ayurvedic formulations. Its carminative effects enhance digestion and treat gastrointestinal disorders, affirming the role of familiar kitchen ingredients in traditional medicine as key components of efficacy in products like Trayodashanga Guggulu.

29) Powder:
'Powder' indicates the form in which the ingredients for Trayodashanga Guggulu are prepared before compounding. The powdering process ensures a uniform consistency and enables optimal extraction of active ingredients, which is essential for achieving the desired therapeutic effects in Ayurvedic formulations and for quality control in production.

30) Rasna (Rashna, Rasona, Rasa-una):
'Rasna' refers to Pluchea lanceolata, an herb known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Its inclusion in the formulation signifies the focus on addressing Vata disorders and enhances the medicinal profile of Trayodashanga Guggulu, highlighting the diverse benefits derived from multiple herbs in Ayurvedic practice.

31) Salt (Salty):
'Salt' in the context of this research refers to the inorganic compounds found within the formulation that contribute to its overall properties and effectiveness. Analyzing the salt content is critical for determining the purity and quality of the formulation according to Ayurvedic pharmacopoeial standards.

32) Dish (Dis):
'Dish' relates to the specific laboratory equipment used during the tests and evaluations—primarily porcelain evaporating dishes used for calculating extractive values of herbal substances. These measurements contribute to understanding the solubility and concentration of bioactive compounds within the formulation, influencing its therapeutic efficacy.

33) Life:
'Life' symbolizes the holistic approach to health embraced by Ayurveda, focusing not only on disease treatment but also on wellness promotion and lifestyle improvements. In this study, understanding how Trayodashanga Guggulu impacts the quality of life enhances the knowledge regarding traditional remedies' overall contributions to health.

34) Commiphora mukul:
'Commiphora mukul' is the botanical source of Guggulu resin, a primary ingredient in Trayodashanga Guggulu. Its therapeutic properties and tradition of use in Ayurvedic medicine underscore the importance of authentic herb sourcing and evaluation in the formulation of effective herbal remedies.

35) Shatapushpa (Satapuspa, Shata-pushpa):
'Shatapushpa' Is another name for the herb Foeniculum vulgare, renowned for its digestive benefits. Its inclusion in the formulation aligns with the principles of Ayurveda, emphasizing the significance of using effective traditional herbs to treat various ailments, contributing to the overall therapeutic properties of Trayodashanga Guggulu.

36) Measurement:
'Measurement' indicates the act of quantifying and assessing specific parameters within the study, such as physical and chemical properties. Comprehensive measurement practices ensure the reliability and validity of results, affirming the importance of quality control procedures in the formulation of effective Ayurvedic products.

37) Vatavyadhi (Vata-vyadhi):
'Vatavyadhi' encompasses a group of disorders attributed to an imbalance in the Vata dosha, stressing the therapeutic aims of formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu which target these specific ailments. Understanding Vatavyadhi enhances the relevance of Ayurvedic medicine in addressing prevalent health issues.

38) Performance:
'Performance' refers to the efficacy and outcomes of the formulation in achieving its intended therapeutic effects. Evaluating performance is paramount in scientific studies to ensure that Ayurvedic medicines meet the high standards of quality and efficacy expected in contemporary healthcare settings.

39) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
'Bhaishajya' refers to medicinal preparations in Ayurveda, centralizing the study's focus on the therapeutic formulations. This emphasizes the traditional knowledge integrated with scientific analysis for developing standardized Ayurvedic medicines, enhancing the understanding of treatment approaches within the field.

40) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section within the research study where findings are analyzed, compared, and contextualized against existing literature. This critical analysis allows researchers to derive conclusions, implications for practice, and future research directions, underscoring the importance of comprehensive understanding in the scientific approach to Ayurveda.

41) Prakarana:
'Prakarana' refers to the classification or systematic description of diseases and treatments in Ayurvedic texts. Exploring the Prakarana enhances the comprehension of how formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu fit into broader Ayurvedic knowledge, including diagnosis and treatment methodologies.

42) Container:
'Container' signifies the storage medium for the formulated vati, ensuring that each batch is protected from contamination and degradation. Proper storage practices are essential for maintaining the quality and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines, underscoring the need for adherence to hygiene and safety protocols.

43) Gokshura (Goksura, Go-kshura):
'Gokshura' is the vernacular name for Tribulus terrestris, an important herb in the formulation recognized for its health benefits, particularly for urinary health and vitality. Its inclusion illustrates the diverse range of benefits associated with plant-based ingredients in Ayurveda and their relevance in holistic healing practices.

44) Activity:
'Activity' refers to the pharmacological effects or biological actions exerted by the herbal components in the formulation. Evaluating the activity of each ingredient is essential for understanding the overall therapeutic benefits of Trayodashanga Guggulu and for ensuring the formulation's effectiveness in treating specified conditions.

45) Harisha (Harisa):
'Harisha' represents one of the co-authors of this research study and denotes the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry. The contributions of each researcher highlight the importance of teamwork and expertise in advancing the understanding and validation of traditional medicinal practices like Ayurveda.

46) Hygiene (Hygienic):
'Hygiene' pertains to the practices ensuring cleanliness and the absence of contamination during the preparation and handling of Ayurvedic formulations. Maintaining high standards of hygiene is crucial in safeguarding the quality of traditional medicines, preventing microbial growth, and ensuring the safety of products like Trayodashanga Guggulu for consumer use.

47) Surface:
'Surface' refers to the physical aspects related to the preparation and evaluation of herbal formulations. Analyzing the surface properties of materials used in production provides insight into their functional properties, stability, and interaction with other ingredients, enhancing the understanding of formulation efficacy in Ayurveda.

48) Shukla (Sukla):
'Shukla' represents one of the authors involved in this research, reflecting the collaborative effort of multiple experts in the field. The collective contributions of researchers like Shukla are paramount in validating traditional practices and ensuring that findings are robust and credible within the scientific community.

49) Pushpa (Puspa):
'Pushpa' refers to flowers or floral components of plants which can be utilized in Ayurvedic formulations. Their presence in certain herbal compositions contributes unique therapeutic properties and aesthetics to the medications, reflecting the multifaceted approach inherent in Ayurveda towards achieving holistic health benefits.

50) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
'Vyadhi' is a Sanskrit term for disease or disorder, denoting the conditions that Ayurvedic treatments aim to address. Understanding the various Vyadhi allows practitioners and researchers to target specific ailments through tailored formulations, emphasizing the personalized approach central to Ayurvedic healing practices.

51) Purity:
'Purity' refers to the absence of contaminants or adulterants in herbal formulations. In the quality control of Ayurvedic drugs, ensuring purity is essential for efficacy and safety, as contamination can compromise the therapeutic effects, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing and standards in traditional medicine.

52) Shata (Sata):
'Shata' typically means 'hundred' in Sanskrit and may also indicate the efficacy or capability of a certain herb or formulation in treating various ailments. The significance of Shata in traditional medicine underscores the belief in the extensive healing potential of treatments derived from multiple ingredients in Ayurveda.

53) Veda:
'Veda' refers to the ancient scriptures of India that contain foundational texts of Ayurveda and other sciences. The Vedic knowledge supports the principles applied in modern Ayurvedic practices, illustrating the deep-rooted traditions and philosophies that guide the holistic approach to health and healing in the Indian context.

54) Daru:
'Daru' denotes medicinal trees or plant materials used in Ayurvedic formulations. The inclusion of Daru highlights the reliance on indigenous plant species within Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, emphasizing the connection between environmental resources and healthcare solutions unique to traditional medicine practices.

55) Vata:
'Vata' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, symbolizing the elements of air and space. Its balance is critical for health, and conditions like Vata disorders can arise from its disturbance. Understanding Vata is pivotal in Ayurvedic medicine, allowing formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu to target specific imbalances effectively.

56) Soil:
'Soil' signifies the natural environment from which medicinal plants are sourced, correlating with their intrinsic properties and efficacy. The health of soil is vital for the growth of potent herbs, underlining the importance of sustainable agricultural practices in providing high-quality raw materials for Ayurvedic medicines.

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Guggulu, Characteristic feature, Ayurvedic formulation, Loss on drying, Ash value, Herbo-mineral formulation, Pharmacognostical evaluation, Organoleptic examination, PH value, HPTLC study, Pharmaceutical companies, Pharmaceutical evaluation, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Pharmacognosy laboratory, Weight variation, Pharmaceutical chemistry laboratory, Microbiological evaluation, Trayodashanga guggulu, Musculoskeletal disorder, Quality control parameter, Nervous disorder, Drug standardization, Phytochemical constituent.

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