Case report: Modified radical mastectomy with epidural and block.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Case report: Modified radical mastectomy with epidural and block.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. In this context, breast cancer is highlighted as a prevalent form among Indian females, necessitating surgical intervention such as modified radical mastectomy. Its treatment typically requires careful consideration of anesthesia methods, especially in patients with comorbid conditions.

2) Pur:
Poor refers to the insufficient health status or overall well-being of a patient, indicating reduced physical capability and effort tolerance. In the case report, the patient exhibited poor effort tolerance, affecting her ability to undergo general anesthesia safely. This emphasizes the need for alternative anesthesia strategies in high-risk populations.

3) Post:
Post refers to the period after surgery. Effective postoperative management is critical in surgical cases, particularly in pain management and recovery. In the report, postoperative care included careful monitoring and administration of local anesthetics to manage pain, underscoring the importance of tailored postoperative strategies for better outcomes.

4) Blood:
Blood plays a vital role in maintaining bodily functions and delivering oxygen to tissues. In the context of surgical procedures, monitoring blood loss and ensuring adequate blood volume is essential. The report notes an estimated blood loss during the mastectomy, which is crucial for assessing patient stability and planning postoperative care.

5) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a common postoperative complication that can significantly hinder recovery. In the case report, the use of thoracic epidural anesthesia was highlighted for its potential to reduce nausea and vomiting, enhancing the overall recovery experience for patients and minimizing their discomfort during the postoperative period.

6) Nausea:
Nausea is an unpleasant sensation often associated with the urge to vomit. Postoperative nausea is a significant concern, as it affects patient comfort and recovery. The study emphasizes the benefits of thoracic epidural anesthesia in reducing postoperative nausea, thereby improving patient outcomes and satisfaction post-surgery.

7) Dhule:
Dhule is a city in Maharashtra, India, where the surgical case was conducted. The reference to Dhule highlights the regional context of the study, as local healthcare practices and available medical resources may influence anesthesia choices and patient care strategies in areas with specific demographic health challenges.

8) Depression:
Depression refers to a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. The context implies that anxiety and mental health considerations are crucial for surgical patients. Understanding psychological aspects can affect overall treatment strategies and patient recovery, highlighting the need for holistic care in surgical cases.

9) Pain:
Pain management is a critical aspect of surgical care, impacting patient comfort and recovery. The study emphasizes the significance of utilizing thoracic epidural and interscalene blocks for effective postoperative analgesia, thereby reducing the reliance on systemic opioids and addressing pain more effectively in the patient population.

10) Discussion:
Discussion in a medical context typically refers to deliberations surrounding findings, observations, and implications from case studies or research. The discussion section of the report elaborates on the benefits and challenges of using modified anesthesia techniques, highlighting the need for ongoing investigation into best practices for high-risk surgical patients.

11) Dressing:
Dressing denotes the techniques or materials used to cover and protect a surgical wound. The report mentions dressing in the context of ensuring the thoracic epidural catheter is securely fixed post-procedure, indicating attention to proper surgical care and minimizing the risk of complications during patient recovery.

12) Disease:
Disease refers to any condition that disrupts normal bodily functions, like breast cancer in this case. Recognizing disease states is paramount for planning treatment, surgical intervention, and anesthesia. This underscores the need for precise diagnosis and understanding of comorbidities, informing anesthesia choices and management strategies.

13) Anxiety:
Anxiety, a common psychological condition characterized by excessive worry, can significantly impact surgical outcomes. The case study addresses anxiety management through sedation during the procedure, illustrating the multifaceted approach to care that includes psychological support in conjunction with physical treatments for better overall patient experiences.

14) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema refers to swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues. In the context of surgical patients, monitoring for edema can signal possible complications or affect recovery times. The case report noted local edema, suggesting a need for continued assessment of the patient's condition post-surgery.

15) Indian:
Indian refers to the nationality or cultural identity of the population discussed in the study. The report highlights the high incidence rates of breast cancer among Indian females, emphasizing cultural and regional health challenges that influence disease prevalence and require tailored treatment approaches to address specific community health needs.

16) India:
India refers to the country where the case study and subsequent research are situated. In discussing healthcare practices, recognizing the national context is vital, as local medical advancements, resource availability, and demographic factors can substantially influence treatment methodologies and patient outcomes in surgical procedures.

17) Patil:
Patil is part of the names of the authors, contributing to the research. In academic or clinical reports, listing contributors' names is crucial for attributing ideas and findings. It positions the work within the larger framework of medical literature while emphasizing collaborative efforts in advancing surgical and anesthetic practices.

18) Study (Studying):
Study pertains to a systematic examination of a subject, in this case, the use of anesthesia methods in breast cancer surgeries. The research contributes to existing literature by providing insights into practical applications and outcomes, advocating for more such studies to refine treatment protocols based on empirical evidence.

19) Drug:
Drug refers to any therapeutic agent used in the study, particularly focusing on anesthetic and pain relief medications. This emphasizes the necessity of selecting appropriate drugs to enhance the efficacy of anesthesia, ensuring patient comfort, safety, and minimizing complications during surgical interventions.

20) Fear:
Fear refers to an emotional response often encountered in patients facing surgery, notably due to potential risks associated with anesthesia. The case report illustrates how fear may hinder surgical options for patients with complex medical histories, thereby necessitating alternative methods that mitigate risks while ensuring safety and comfort.

21) Line:
Line in this context may refer to intravenous lines used for administering medications during the surgical process. Establishing a secure line is essential for delivering anesthetics and fluids reliably, reflecting proper management in surgical settings to ensure patient stability and effectiveness of the planned anesthetic and procedural interventions.