Antimicrobial activities of ligands and its metal complexes
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antimicrobial activities of ligands and its metal complexes
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Mallikarjun Kote
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antimicrobial activities of ligands and its metal complexes
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20238-28157
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research conducted by Mallikarjun Kote focuses on the antimicrobial activities of synthetic Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes, which exhibit significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. The study highlights the relationship between the structure of ligands, particularly those containing nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms, and their ability to form complexes with metal ions. A comparative analysis reveals that metal chelates often display superior biological activity compared to their corresponding free ligands, and this effect is linked to metal ions influencing cell function.
Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Metal Complexes
One of the pivotal findings of this study is the observable enhancement of antimicrobial activity when ligands form metal complexes. The research indicates that not only do these metal-chelating compounds show increased antibacterial effects against various bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but they also exhibit heightened antifungal properties against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The escalation in biological activity is attributed to the interplay between the metal ions and the cellular processes of the microbes, suggesting that the metal’s presence can potentiate the ligand’s effectiveness.
Importance of Chelating Theory
The concept of chelation plays a crucial role in understanding the enhanced activity of these complexes. According to chelating theory, the coordination between metal ions and ligands results in more stable complexes that may facilitate easier penetration into microbial cells. This stability and the subsequent interaction are believed to disrupt microbial metabolism more effectively than the free ligands, thus leading to improved therapeutic effects. The study effectively leverages the overtones concept and the chelating theory to rationalize the increased antimicrobial potency of the metal complexes.
Diverse Biological Activities of Schiff Bases
Schiff bases derived from various precursors have been recognized for their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, which include but are not limited to anticancer, anti-HIV, and anti-inflammatory effects. The study emphasizes the potential of 2-amino-5-iodo benzoic acid derivatives, which exhibit remarkable antibacterial and antifungal capabilities. This suggests that these compounds, particularly in their metal complex forms, could be explored further for therapeutic applications in a variety of medical contexts, including treatment regimes against resistant bacterial strains.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the research highlights the significant role of metal complexes in enhancing the antimicrobial properties of Schiff base ligands, revealing essential insights into their potential as effective antimicrobial agents. The findings reinforce the value of chelation and molecular structure in designing more potent pharmaceuticals, paving the way for future studies aimed at exploring the therapeutic applications of these compounds against various pathogens, particularly in light of growing antibiotic resistance. Thus, the study is a valuable addition to the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, with implications for developing new antimicrobial therapies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are Schiff base ligands and their significance?
Schiff base ligands, containing C=N groups, are known for their biological activities, including antibacterial and anticancer properties. Their effectiveness varies based on the metal ions and donor atoms present.
How do metal complexes enhance antimicrobial activity?
Metal complexes often exhibit higher antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to free ligands. This is due to the metal ions' ability to influence cellular processes and enhance interactions with microbial targets.
What method was used to evaluate antimicrobial activity?
The cup-plate method was employed to assess the antimicrobial activity of ligands and their metal complexes against various bacteria and fungi by measuring the zone of inhibition.
Which organisms were tested for antimicrobial activity?
The study tested the antibacterial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Escherichia coli* and assessed antifungal activity against *Aspergillus niger* and *Aspergillus flavus*.
What were the results of the study?
The results indicated that most metal complexes exhibited significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to their corresponding ligands, highlighting the importance of metal presence in increasing efficacy.
What is the role of DMF in the experiments?
Dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as a solvent to prepare test solutions of ligands and metal complexes, allowing for proper solubility and accurate concentration during antimicrobial testing.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antimicrobial activities of ligands and its metal complexes”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the ability of a substance, such as a drug or compound, to elicit a biological response. In the context of the study, it relates specifically to the antibacterial and antifungal responses observed in various ligands and their metal complexes against microorganisms, indicating their potential for therapeutic applications.
2) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Anti-bacterial describes substances specifically targeted at the elimination or inhibition of bacterial growth. The study highlights the effectiveness of ligands and their metal complexes in providing anti-bacterial action, which is essential for developing new treatments for bacterial infections that pose significant health risks.
3) Aureus:
Aureus, specifically *Staphylococcus aureus*, is a significant pathogenic bacterium known for causing various infections in humans ranging from mild skin infections to severe diseases like pneumonia. Its inclusion in the study emphasizes the relevance of testing antimicrobial substances against this common pathogen to develop effective treatments.
4) Table:
Table refers to a systematic arrangement of data, often used to present research findings in a clear and concise manner. In this study, tables summarize the antibacterial and antifungal activity results for various ligands and metal complexes, making it easier for readers to compare the effectiveness of each compound.
5) Disease:
Disease encompasses any condition that impairs bodily functions, often caused by infections, genetic issues, or environmental factors. The study investigates the potential of synthesized ligands and their metal complexes to combat diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, thereby contributing to the development of better treatments.
6) Study (Studying):
Study signifies a systematic investigation aimed at discovering or analyzing information. This research focuses on the antimicrobial activities of Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes, exploring their efficacy against various bacteria and fungi, which is crucial for the development of new antibiotics and antifungal agents.
7) Drug:
Drugs refer to chemical substances intended for use in medical treatment. The study investigates various ligands and their metal complexes for their potential as new drugs with antibacterial and antifungal properties, thus contributing to the search for effective therapeutics against resistant pathogens.
8) Cup:
Cups in this context refer to the small, circular holes created in agar plates during bacterial or fungal susceptibility testing. These cups are filled with the test compounds. The use of cups allows researchers to measure the zone of inhibition, indicating the efficacy of tested antimicrobial agents.
9) Glass:
Glass indicates the material used to manufacture laboratory equipment such as petri dishes, pipettes, and flasks. In the microbiological context, glassware must be sterilized to prevent contamination and ensure accurate testing of antimicrobial agents, making it essential for maintaining experimental integrity.
10) Water:
Water, commonly used as a solvent, is essential in preparing culture media and dilutions for laboratory experiments. It plays a vital role in the study as a component of tests that assess the solubility and biological activity of ligands and their metal complexes against pathogens.
11) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints. The inclusion of this disease illustrates the broader pharmacological relevance of the synthesized ligands, suggesting their potential application beyond antimicrobial activity, possibly in treating autoimmune conditions through anti-inflammatory effects.
12) Nature:
Nature, in this context, refers to the inherent qualities and characteristics of the ligands and metal complexes being studied. Understanding the nature of these compounds helps to predict their biological behaviors, interactions, and potential therapeutic applications in treating infections.
13) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. The investigation of the pharmacological properties of the metal complexes and ligands emphasizes the importance of understanding their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential therapeutic applications in medicine.
14) Discussion:
Discussion is the section of a research paper where findings are interpreted and contextualized. In this study, it allows authors to elaborate on results regarding the antimicrobial activities of ligands and metal complexes, aiding in understanding their implications and significance in the field of medicinal chemistry.
15) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India where the research is conducted. Its mention underscores the geographical and institutional context from which scientific inquiries are emerging, highlighting regional contributions to global health issues, particularly in the field of pharmaceuticals and antimicrobial research.
16) Substance:
Substance refers to any material with a defined composition. In the study, this term encompasses the ligands and metal complexes whose antimicrobial properties are being investigated. Understanding the nature of these substances is crucial for determining their biological activity and therapeutic potential.
17) Toxicity:
Toxicity describes the degree to which a substance can cause harm to organisms. Assessing the toxicity of synthesized ligands and their metal complexes is critical to ensuring their safety for potential therapeutic use, balancing effectiveness against possible adverse effects in therapeutic applications.
18) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. The study's focus on the antibacterial and antifungal activities of new compounds contributes to the broader medical field by identifying possible new drugs for treating infections, thus improving healthcare outcomes.
19) Species:
Species designate distinct groups of organisms that share common characteristics. The reference to bacterial and fungal species in the study emphasizes the focus on understanding how the new compounds interact with different pathogens, essential for developing targeted therapies.
20) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth. The study’s exploration of ligands and their potential as therapeutics may extend to oncology, highlighting the importance of understanding compounds that could inhibit tumor growth and enhance treatment options for cancer patients.
21) Medium:
Medium refers to the nutrient-rich environment in which microorganisms are cultured for testing. In this study, the use of an appropriate medium is pivotal for assessing the growth and inhibition of bacterial or fungal species, ensuring accurate evaluation of the antimicrobial properties being tested.
22) Filling (Filled):
Filled describes the action of introducing test solutions into the cups created in agar plates during microbiological testing. This step is critical for assessing antimicrobial efficacy as it allows for the measurement of inhibition zones, indicating the effectiveness of the compounds being evaluated.
23) Death:
Death signifies the cessation of life processes. In the study, it relates to the mortality caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The focus on antimicrobial activity reflects the need for developing treatments that can prevent death due to severe infections, highlighting public health importance.
24) Viru:
Viru appears to be an abbreviation or contraction related to viruses. Although not specifically discussed in the text, understanding interactions between ligands and viral pathogens could expand the scope of study into antiviral applications, emphasizing the versatility and importance of researched compounds in combating various pathogens.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antimicrobial activities of ligands and its metal complexes’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antibacterial activity, Antimicrobial activities, Microbial activity, In vitro, Zone of inhibition, Biological Activity, Antifungal activity, Cup Plate Method, Nutrient agar, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, Aspergillus niger, Biological activities, Anticancerous Activity, Aspergillus flavus, Dimethyl Formamide (DMF), Biological implications.