Effect of packing density and temperature on dielectric properties.

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effect of packing density and temperature on dielectric parameters of lac in microwave region
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Govind A. Karhale


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Effect of packing density and temperature on dielectric parameters of lac in microwave region

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20238-28151

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

This paper investigates the dielectric parameters of natural Lac sourced from the Samanea saman tree, focusing on the impacts of packing density and temperature in the microwave frequency region. The study highlights the significance of dielectric behavior as it relates to biophysical properties, influenced by various factors such as frequency, temperature, and material composition. With the aid of a designed wave guide cell, the research employs a reflectometric technique to measure dielectric constant and loss factor, leading to insights into the behavior of Lac powder under different conditions.

The Role of Packing Density in Dielectric Behavior

One critical concept discussed in the study is the relationship between packing density and dielectric parameters. As the relative packing fraction of Lac powder increases, the values of dielectric constant and loss factor also rise. This phenomenon is attributed to the increased interparticle hindrance affecting dipolar motion in an electromagnetic field, which enhances the material's capacity for polarization. Thus, tighter packing results in more pronounced dielectric properties, corroborating the hypothesis that structural arrangement within the material plays a vital role in its overall dielectric response.

Temperature Effects on Dielectric Parameters

The second essential concept pertains to the temperature's influence on the dielectric behavior of Lac. The findings reveal that as temperature increases, the values of dielectric constant and loss factor decrease. This response can be explained by the greater energy available to polar molecules at higher temperatures, disrupting equilibrium and leading to increased thermal dissipation of energy. Consequently, the inability of dipoles to align quickly with the oscillating electric field results in reduced dielectric performance, showing a clear temperature dependency critical for applications that rely on specific dielectric properties.

Correlation of Experimental Measurements with Theoretical Models

The study further emphasizes the agreement between experimentally measured values and those predicted by theoretical models such as Landau-Lifshitz and Bottcher's equations. In particular, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss calculated for solid bulk from powder measurements align closely with experimental data, illustrating the accurate application of these theoretical frameworks. This correlation indicates that the Lac powder maintains cohesive properties that support its classification as a continuous medium, which can be valuable for its use in various applications.

Conclusion

In summary, the research underscores the intricate interplay between packing density, temperature, and dielectric parameters in natural Lac. Experimental findings suggest that increased packing density enhances dielectric constants while higher temperatures diminish them, consistent with theoretical predictions. The alignment of experimental and theoretical results confirms the applicability of established dielectric theories to natural materials. This study contributes to the understanding of Lac's dielectric behavior, reinforcing its potential for diverse applications based on its biophysical characteristics.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the focus of the study on Lac?

The study examines the effects of packing density and temperature on the dielectric parameters of natural Lac from the Samanea saman tree at microwave frequencies.

How does packing density affect dielectric parameters of Lac?

Increasing packing density enhances dielectric constant, loss factor, relaxation time, and conductivity of Lac. The inter-particle hindrance increases, thus improving the interaction with the electromagnetic fields.

What role does temperature play in dielectric behavior of Lac?

Temperature increase generally decreases dielectric parameters. Higher temperatures slow down dipolar motion, leading to more energy loss and reduced dielectric performance.

What measurement technique was used for dielectric parameters?

The reflectometric technique at a frequency of 9.85 GHz was employed to measure the dielectric constant and loss factor of Lac powder samples.

Which equations correlate powder and solid bulk dielectric values?

The study uses correlation formulae derived from Landau-Lifshitz, Looyenga, and Bottcher to relate dielectric constants and losses of Lac in powder and solid forms.

What kind of applications does Lac have?

Lac serves various applications as a wood finish, adhesive, dye, and in Ayurvedic medicine, due to its natural, biodegradable properties.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effect of packing density and temperature on dielectric properties.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Powder:
In the context of the study, 'Powder' refers to the form of Lac that was used for measuring dielectric parameters. The qualities of powder, including particle size and packing density, significantly influence the dielectric behavior when analyzed through microwave frequency measurements, impacting results and the understanding of material properties.

2) Measurement:
'Measurements' refer to the specific processes used to assess dielectric properties of Lac. Precise measurements are vital for attaining accurate and reliable data, thereby facilitating deeper insights into the material’s behavior under experimental conditions, which is crucial for theoretical validation and practical application.

3) India:
'India' is highlighted due to its historical and cultural significance in the production of Lac. As a major exporter, the research emphasizes India's role in the global market for natural products, particularly in the context of renewable resources and sustainable practices that benefit local economies and traditions.

4) Field:
'The field' may refer specifically to the electromagnetic field studied within the context of dielectric measurements. Understanding how materials react under such fields is crucial in physics, as it reveals insights about material behavior that are applicable in technology and material science, influencing real-world applications.

5) Relative:
'The Relative' may refer contextually to comparisons made using relative measurements, such as relative packing fractions. This is essential in evaluating changes in dielectric properties, facilitating the understanding of how variations in physical arrangement affect the material's interaction with electric fields.

6) Table:
'Table' refers to the organized representation of data within the research document. Tables provide clear visual summaries of complex data sets, allowing easier analysis of experimental results, comparisons between different parameters such as dielectric constant and loss factor at various conditions, enhancing clarity in findings.

7) Tree:
'Trees' are essential as they are the natural sources of Lac. The emphasis on specific tree species highlights the ecological and botanical aspects of Lac production, recognizing how variations in tree species impact the chemical properties and quality of Lac, which are significant for both ecological balance and economic viability.

8) Science (Scientific):
'Science' underpins the research, involving systematic investigation to understand dielectric properties of Lac. It highlights the methodologies, experimental design, and theoretical frameworks used to explore physical phenomena, contributing to broader scientific knowledge about natural materials and their applications in various fields such as environmental science and engineering.

9) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
'Transformation' relates to converting experimental values to those of 100% solid bulk using correlation formulae. This process is significant in the analysis of dielectric constants, allowing for comparisons between powdered and solid forms, ensuring comprehensive exploration into how physical changes affect material properties in different states.

10) Commerce:
'Commerce' is relevant due to Lac's economic implications, particularly in trade and market value. The research highlights the significance of sustainable practices in the commerce of natural products, emphasizing how scientific insights can bolster the commercial viability of eco-friendly resources in local and global markets.

11) Medium:
'Medium' describes the context in which the experiments are conducted regarding material density and state. With Lac powder acting as a continuous medium in the study, understanding its dielectric characteristics allows for applications in various technologies and industries, revealing the substance's relevance in practical scenarios.

12) Patil:
'Patil' serves as a reference to the Madhavrao Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, where the research was conducted. The institution provides academic context, highlighting the importance of educational environments in facilitating scientific studies and contributing to the body of knowledge regarding natural materials and their applications.

13) Water:
'Water' is utilized in the experimental setup for temperature control around the dielectric cell. The circulation of water helps maintain consistency during measurements, ensuring that temperature influences on dielectric parameters are accurately assessed, which is critical to understanding the relationship between temperature and material properties.

14) Butea monosperma:
'Butea monosperma' is another tree species recognized as a host for Lac production. Its mention underscores the diversity of sources from which Lac can be harvested, reflecting the ecological importance and the differential quality of Lac depending on the host plant, influencing its commercial application and relevance.

15) Quality:
'Quality' concerns the attributes that define Lac's usability in various applications. This encompasses factors like purity, consistency, and functional properties that ensure Lac meets market standards, crucial for industries relying on natural products for coatings, adhesives, and dyes, impacting consumer satisfaction and market success.

16) Study (Studying):
'Study' emphasizes the systematic approach taken to explore dielectric parameters in Lac. This term encapsulates the entire process of hypothesis formulation, experiment design, data collection, and analysis, reinforcing the importance of rigorous scientific inquiry in understanding natural materials and their diverse applications.

17) Biodegradable:
'Bio-degradable' highlights Lac's environmental benefits, indicating that it can break down naturally without causing harm. This characteristic emphasizes its appeal as an eco-friendly material, making it suitable for sustainable practices in various industries, including cosmetics, food, and art, aligning with global trends towards greener solutions.

18) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
'Maharashtra' is a relevant region in India recognized for its Lac production. The connection to this geographical location emphasizes local cultural practices and economic reliance on Lac as a natural resource, impacting both the livelihoods of rural communities and the biodiversity of the area as a source of indigenous materials.

19) Arrangement:
'Arrangement' refers to the way Lac powder is held within the dielectric measurement setup. The configuration affects the pressure applied and ultimately influences the measurements taken. Understanding the arrangement aids in designing experiments that yield consistent and valid results regarding the powder's dielectric behavior.

20) Discussion:
'Discussion' is an essential section that interprets and contextualizes experimental data within the broader scope of the research. It explores implications, compares results with existing literature, and examines potential applications. This section is crucial for articulating the relevance of findings to the scientific community and industry.

21) Substance:
'Substance' pertains to the actual material being studied, in this case, natural Lac. Understanding the characteristics of the substance is fundamental to the study, as dielectric parameters are influenced by its chemical composition and structural properties, which are essential for assessing usability in different applications.

22) Medicine:
'Medicine' is mentioned in context to describe Lac's historical use in Ayurvedic practices. This link underscores the multifaceted nature of natural materials, illustrating how substances like Lac have significance beyond industrial applications, contributing to traditional health practices and preserving cultural heritage.

23) Shri-lanka (Srilanka, Sri-lanka, Shrilanka):
'Srilanka' is noted as a minor producer of Lac, signifying its role in the regional economy alongside other producing countries. This highlights the interconnectedness of global markets for natural products and emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices in increasing the value and viability of Lac exports.

24) Raising:
'Raising' might pertain to the process of elevating or increasing the standards related to Lac production and measurement practices. This indicates efforts to enhance quality control and optimize production methods in a way that aligns with both consumer expectations and sustainability objectives.

25) Bengal (Bemgal):
'Bengal' refers to another region within India known for Lac production. The mention of this geographic area underscores the diverse cultural and economic landscapes associated with Lac harvesting, and emphasizes the need to understand regional practices and their influence on production quality and material properties.

26) Animal:
'Animal' is significant as it relates to the source of Lac, which is produced by the Laccifer lacca beetle. This connection emphasizes the role of biological sources in material production, underlining the interdependence between species and the resources derived from them for various human applications.

27) Indian:
'Indian' emphasizes the cultural and historical significance of Lac within India's traditions. The nation's extensive use and knowledge regarding Lac production illustrate its longstanding relationship with natural materials, and its integration into crafts, art, and commerce that has evolved through generations.

28) Filling (Filled):
'Filled' refers to how the dielectric cell is filled with the powder material during measurements. The filling process impacts the structural arrangement and pressure on the particles, critical for achieving accurate dielectric measurements as it ensures minimal voids and uniformity in testing conditions.

29) Bihar:
'Bihar' is identified as one of the states in India where Lac is produced. Recognizing Bihar highlights the geographic and cultural diversity in Lac production across the country, illustrating how different regions contribute to the overall economy while maintaining their unique local practices and traditions.

30) Glass:
'Glass' in this context refers to the glass bottles used for storing Lac powder samples. The choice of material is important to prevent moisture ingress and ensure the integrity of the samples, which is critical for maintaining the accuracy and validity of experimental measurements during dielectric assessments.

31) Cash (Cas):
'Cash' refers to Lac's economic role as an important cash crop for rural communities in India. This highlights Lac's contribution to local economies, sustainable livelihoods, and the empowerment of tribal populations depending on Lac production as a critical income source within their communities.

32) Silk:
'Silk' is noted as a natural fiber that can be dyed using Lac dye, emphasizing Lac's value not only in coatings and adhesives but also in textiles. This illustrates the multifunctionality of Lac in traditional applications, indicating its historical significance in the arts and crafts, enhancing its market appeal.

33) Wool:
'Wool' is mentioned alongside silk, indicating Lac's role as a natural dye for fibers used in textiles. This relates to the broader topic of natural products and their application in crafts and textiles, showcasing how Lac contributes to cultural heritage and traditional artistry through dyeing practices.

34) Food:
'Food' is referenced concerning Lac's use as a colorant derived from laccaic acid. This highlights the intersection of natural materials with food technology and preservation practices, illustrating how sustainable resources like Lac can contribute to food industries while maintaining health and safety standards for consumers.

35) Crop:
'Crop' emphasizes Lac's categorization as an economically significant agricultural product. This underscores the importance of sustainable agricultural practices in enhancing the production and marketability of Lac, while also highlighting the role of crops in maintaining ecological balance and supporting rural economies vibrant with indigenous practices.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Effect of packing density and temperature on dielectric properties.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Conductivity, Dielectric constant, Experimental value, Relaxation time, Dielectric loss, Packing density, Electromagnetic field.

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