Dielectric relaxation study on two isomers of butanediols
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Dielectric relaxation study on two isomers of butanediols
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Nitin P. Garad and Ashok C. Kumbharkhane
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Dielectric relaxation study on two isomers of butanediols
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20238-28147
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
The study conducted by Nitin P. Garad and Ashok C. Kumbharkhane investigates the dielectric relaxation properties of two isomers of butanediols—1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol—using the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique across a frequency range of 10 MHz to 50 GHz. The research is motivated by the significance of molecular interactions in hydrogen-bonded liquids, which heavily influence the physical properties of these compounds. By analyzing the dielectric parameters, such as static dielectric constant and relaxation time, the study aims to elucidate how the positioning of hydroxyl groups affects these properties.
2) Dielectric Relaxation Behavior
One of the primary findings of this research is the identification of Cole-Davidson type relaxation in both butanediols. The complex permittivity spectra exhibited a non-linear response indicative of this relaxation behavior, characterized by the skewed arcs in the Cole-Cole plot. This behavior suggests variations in the orientation of electric dipoles in response to frequency changes. As frequency increases, the dielectric permittivity decreases, illustrating a dispersion phenomenon, while the dielectric loss shifts towards lower frequencies for 1,3-butanediol, suggesting an increase in relaxation time.
3) Static Dielectric Constant and Relaxation Time
The study provides significant insights into the static dielectric constant (ε₀) and relaxation time (τ) of both isomers at different temperatures. Experimental results reveal that the dielectric constant for 1,3-butanediol is notably lower than that of 1,4-butanediol, suggesting that the position of the hydroxyl group profoundly influences molecular association and, consequently, dielectric properties. Additionally, both isomers exhibited a decrease in dielectric constant with rising temperatures, attributed to reduced orientation polarization and hydrogen bond strength, which are crucial for understanding their behavior in various applications.
4) Kirkwood Correlation Factor
The research also delves into the Kirkwood correlation factor (g), which serves as an indicator of the molecular orientation and the strength of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The calculated values of 'g' for both butanediols were greater than one, which signifies parallel orientation of electric dipoles and indicates that this orientation is more easily achieved in 1,4-butanediol compared to 1,3-butanediol. This factor is essential in understanding the liquid's structure and the dynamics of dipole interactions influenced by the hydroxyl group's position.
5) Conclusion
In conclusion, the temperature-dependent dielectric relaxation study effectively demonstrates the nuanced effects of hydroxyl group positioning on the dielectric properties of butanediols. The application of the TDR technique has facilitated a comprehensive analysis of the complex dielectric behavior in these isomers, highlighting the significance of the Cole-Davidson relaxation type, the variations in static dielectric constant and relaxation time, and the implications of the Kirkwood correlation factor. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the dielectric properties of diols but also underscore the relevance of molecular interactions in industrial and biological applications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the dielectric relaxation study?
The study focuses on the dielectric relaxation properties of two butanediol isomers, 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol, using the time domain reflectometry technique at various temperatures.
What technique was used to measure complex permittivity?
The complex permittivity spectra were measured using the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique, operating in a frequency range from 10 MHz to 50 GHz.
What type of relaxation behavior is observed in butanediols?
Both butanediols exhibit Cole-Davidson type relaxation behavior, indicating complex interactions in the dielectric response due to the positioning of the hydroxyl groups.
How does temperature affect dielectric constants and relaxation time?
Dielectric constants decrease with increasing temperature, while relaxation time reduces as temperature rises, reflecting the influences of molecular rotation and intermolecular interactions.
What is the significance of the Kirkwood correlation factor?
The Kirkwood correlation factor indicates the orientation of electric dipoles in a liquid. A value greater than one suggests a parallel orientation, emphasizing hydrogen bonding interactions.
What are the research acknowledgements mentioned in the study?
The study acknowledges financial support from the Department of Science and Technology and the University Grant Commission for providing research fellowships.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Dielectric relaxation study on two isomers of butanediols”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Science (Scientific):
Sciences encompass various disciplines that study the natural and physical world through observation and experimentation. This research falls under the ambit of physical sciences, emphasizing principles of chemistry and physics to investigate dielectric properties, showcasing how interdisciplinary knowledge enhances our understanding of molecular interactions.
2) Table:
In scientific writing, a table is used to organize and present data in a structured format, making it easier for readers to understand complex information. In this publication, tables summarize critical values, such as dielectric parameters and relaxation times, facilitating comparison across different samples and conditions.
3) Study (Studying):
A study refers to a detailed examination or analysis of a particular subject or phenomenon. In the given context, it pertains to the meticulous exploration of dielectric relaxation behaviors in butanediols, aiming to unravel the effects of molecular structure and temperature on their electrical properties.
4) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in western India known for its cultural diversity and educational institutions. The research in this article was conducted at Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University located in Maharashtra, emphasizing the region's contribution to scientific exploration in physical sciences and material behavior analysis.
5) India:
India is a country in South Asia with a rich tradition of scientific inquiry and advancements. The research highlighted in this article promotes Indian contributions to the field of dielectric studies in organic compounds, illustrating the country's evolving role in global scientific research and education.
6) Svamin (Svami, Swami, Swamin):
Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, named after a significant figure in Indian education, is where the research was conducted. The university plays a vital role in fostering higher education and research in Maharashtra, contributing to advancements in fields like physical sciences and promoting academic collaboration.
7) New Delhi:
New Delhi, the capital of India, is a major center for political, cultural, and academic activities. The funding agencies mentioned, such as the Department of Science and Technology, are based in New Delhi, highlighting the significance of governmental support in promoting research and innovation in scientific fields.
8) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of removing impurities or contaminants from a substance. In this study, the high purity of the butanediols used is crucial as impurities can significantly affect the results of dielectric relaxation studies, thus ensuring accuracy and reliability in the experimental findings.
9) Discussion:
The discussion section of a research article interprets the results and places them within a broader scientific context. This portion of the paper reflects on the implications of the findings related to butanediols, considering how the molecular structures influence their dielectric properties and interactions.
10) Channel:
In scientific instrumentation, a channel refers to a pathway through which data or signals are transmitted. The article mentions the use of a dual-channel sampling module in the experimental setup, emphasizing the technological aspects that enable accurate measurement of dielectric properties across different frequencies.
11) Purity:
Purity indicates the quality or state of being free from impurities. In this research, the purity of the butanediols is essential since it affects molecular behavior and the dielectric properties being studied. Accurate assessments require high-purity samples to ensure reliable and scientific results.
12) Delhi:
Delhi, specifically New Delhi, serves as a significant hub for research funding and administrative functions in India. The reference to Delhi in the acknowledgment indicates the governmental presence and influence in supporting scientific advancements, which enhances the research environment within the country.
Other Science Concepts:
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