Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Ayurvedic management of ascitis
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a case study
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Shamala Elkapelli, Eknath Kulkarni and Sanjivani Rathod
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Ayurvedic management of ascitis
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ascites is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often complicating various medical conditions, particularly liver disease. Despite advancements in modern medicine, effective and permanent treatments for ascites remain elusive, with the sole reliance on surgical tapping for relief. Ayurvedic practices present a holistic approach to managing ascites, as exemplified by a case study involving a 50-year-old patient suffering from symptoms such as increased abdominal girth, general weakness, and decreased appetite. Within just one month of Ayurvedic treatment, the patient experienced significant relief.
The Role of Ayurveda in Treating Ascites
Ayurveda categorizes ascites, or Jalodara, under Udararoga, which signifies abdominal diseases linked to the imbalance of the doshas, primarily the Vata dosha. Understanding ascites through an Ayurvedic lens involves acknowledging that ailments arise from perturbations in the body’s natural equilibrium. The patient in the case study exhibited symptoms particularly aligned with vataj and pitta dosha disturbances, indicating a need for targeted Ayurvedic treatments that focus on restoring balance and improving bodily functions.
Treatment Strategies Employed
The Ayurvedic approach to managing the patient's ascites included a multi-faceted treatment plan. Key components were the administration of Arogyavardhini Vati, which supports liver function, and Punarnavadi Kwatha, known for reducing swelling and improving vitality. Additionally, dietary restrictions were implemented, allowing only specific liquid nourishment to encourage detoxification and alleviate fluid retention. Regular virechana (purging therapy) was emphasized, aligning with Ayurvedic texts that suggest purgation to clear vitiated doshas from the system.
Observations and Improvements
The study noted a marked reduction in abdominal distension, alongside improvements in the patient’s general health and wellbeing. This included enhancements in appetite and reduced local swelling. Laboratory evaluations also indicated positive changes, reinforcing the effectiveness of the Ayurvedic treatment protocol. Such progress illustrates the potential of Ayurvedic interventions to alleviate ascitic symptoms and improve liver function, contrasting sharply with the limitations of conventional medical care.
Conclusion
The case study underscores Ayurveda’s valuable role in managing ascites by addressing both the symptoms and the underlying causes of the condition. Through a comprehensive treatment strategy that integrates herbal remedies, dietary changes, and cleansing protocols, significant improvements in the patient's condition were achieved. This suggests that Ayurveda not only provides symptomatic relief but can also target the root etiology of ascites, offering a promising alternative to conventional interventions.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is ascites and its primary causes?
Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often caused by conditions such as liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, heart failure, and kidney disorders. It results in abdominal distension and discomfort.
How does Ayurveda approach the treatment of ascites?
Ayurveda treats ascites by addressing root causes and restoring balance in the body. Treatments may include herbal remedies, dietary modifications, and therapies like Virechana, which helps eliminate vitiated doshas and reduces abdominal fluid.
What symptoms did the patient experience in the case study?
The patient exhibited symptoms including breathlessness, abdominal distension, edema, anorexia, constipation, increased abdominal girth, general weakness, and decreased appetite over six months.
What treatment plan was implemented for the patient?
The treatment plan included Arogyavardhini Vati, Erand snehapan, Punarnavashtak kwatha, and strict dietary restrictions involving cow milk. Traditional Ayurvedic therapies were primarily aimed at restoring liver function and reducing fluid retention.
What were the observed outcomes of the Ayurvedic treatment?
Following the Ayurvedic treatment, the patient experienced a reduction in abdominal distension and significant improvement in symptoms, including enhanced appetite and strength, as well as positive changes in laboratory findings.
What is the importance of Ayurveda in managing ascites?
Ayurveda plays a crucial role in managing ascites by addressing underlying causes holistically. The integration of herbal treatments and lifestyle modifications has shown significant benefits in symptom relief and improving overall health.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurvedic management of ascitis”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originating from India that emphasizes balance in the body's systems using natural remedies. It focuses on holistic health, combining diet, herbal treatments, and lifestyle changes to prevent and treat illnesses, particularly those related to imbalances among bodily doshas.
2) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda representing fire and transformation. It governs digestion, metabolism, and energy production within the body. Maintaining balance of Pitta is crucial for overall health, and imbalances can lead to conditions such as inflammation, ulcers, and heat-related ailments.
3) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda and a prime location for the study and practice of this ancient holistic health system. The diverse geography and rich cultural heritage of India have allowed Ayurveda to evolve, integrating traditional practices with modern medical approaches, making it a significant field in the healthcare system.
4) New Delhi:
New Delhi, the capital city of India, is a hub for education and research in many fields, including traditional medicine like Ayurveda. It houses numerous institutions and researchers dedicated to studying and promoting Ayurvedic principles, making it pivotal for policy-making and the evolution of healthcare practices.
5) Jalodara (Jala-udara):
Jalodara refers to the condition commonly known as ascites in Ayurvedic medicine, characterized by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. This condition is addressed within the Ayurvedic framework, which seeks to restore balance and treat the underlying causes rather than just the symptoms.
6) Samhita:
Samhita refers to a compilation of Ayurvedic texts that serve as a foundational source of Ayurvedic knowledge, covering theories, treatment protocols, and remedies. Key works like the Charaka Samhita outline the principles of Ayurveda and provide guidance for practitioners in diagnosing and treating illnesses effectively.
7) Disease:
Diseases in Ayurveda are viewed as manifestations of disturbances among the doshas and other bodily elements. Understanding diseases involves evaluating the interrelations of these elements, enabling practitioners to devise holistic treatment approaches that address the root causes rather than mere symptoms.
8) Udara:
Udara refers to abdominal disorders in Ayurveda, encompassing various conditions, including ascites (jalodara). The focus on Udara within Ayurvedic texts highlights its significance in the study of abdominal illnesses and the need for effective management strategies tailored to individual patient needs.
9) Delhi:
Delhi, as a prominent city in India, is not only the political capital but also a significant center for Ayurvedic education and healthcare. It features several Ayurvedic hospitals, educational institutions, and expos, fostering the growth, practice, and modernization of traditional Ayurvedic medicine.
10) Roga:
Roga denotes 'disease' or 'disorder' in Ayurveda and refers to pathological conditions impacting health. Understanding Rogas involves evaluating the underlying doshas and their imbalances, which is crucial for determining appropriate treatments and interventions in line with Ayurvedic philosophy.
11) Vati:
Vati indicates a specific form of Ayurvedic medicament, often in tablet or pill form, created from herbal, mineral or metallic substances. Vati formulations are designed to provide concentrated therapeutic effects and are commonly used in the treatment of various ailments in Ayurvedic practice.
12) Udararoga (Udara-roga):
Udararoga encompasses abdominal diseases where symptoms include abdominal swelling and discomfort. In Ayurvedic practice, Udararoga is treated by addressing the underlying doshas causing the disorder, using techniques such as detoxification and herbal medications to restore balance to the patient's condition.
13) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi, an ancient city in India, is renowned as a significant cultural and spiritual hub. Its historical stance as a center for learning, particularly in Ayurveda, has contributed to the preservation and dissemination of Ayurvedic knowledge through generations, influencing practices across the globe.
14) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha refers to swelling or edema in Ayurvedic terminology, often associated with imbalances among the doshas. It signifies an accumulation of fluids in bodily tissues, and treatment typically focuses on reducing swelling by restoring balance through the appropriate use of herbs and treatments.
15) Nashik:
Nashik is a city in Maharashtra, India, known for its rich cultural heritage and association with traditional healing practices, including Ayurveda. This has encouraged the growth of educational institutions and practices focused on promoting holistic health using ancient Indian medicinal knowledge.
16) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in bodily tissues, causing swelling. In accordance with Ayurvedic practices, oedema (shotha) is typically viewed as a manifestation of doshic imbalance, mainly stemming from imbalances that require targeted therapies to restore equilibrium and reduce fluid retention.
17) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are fundamental concepts in Ayurveda representing biological energies that govern physiological functions. The three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—must remain balanced for optimal health. Disharmony among these forces can lead to disease, and Ayurveda focuses on correcting these imbalances to achieve wellness.
18) Agni:
Agni, or digestive fire, is a central concept in Ayurveda, signifying the body’s ability to metabolize food and transform it into energy. A balanced Agni is vital for health, while weakened Agni (Mandagni) can lead to improper digestion and various diseases, making its management crucial.
19) Seva (Sheva):
Seva means selfless service within the context of healthcare, emphasizing a compassionate approach to treatment in Ayurveda. Practitioners who embody seva prioritize the well-being of their patients, advocating for holistic care and the shared responsibility of healing in the community.
20) Punarnavadi:
Punarnavadi refers to a group of herbal formulations and therapeutic strategies in Ayurveda used primarily for managing conditions like oedema and ascites. The name indicates the use of Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), recognized for its diuretic and rejuvenating properties—restoring balance and health.
21) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Mandagni translates to weak digestive fire in Ayurveda, indicating reduced metabolic efficiency. A weakened agni can lead to the accumulation of toxins and various health issues, necessitating restorative dietary practices and digestive supports to revive the body’s ability to process food effectively.
22) Swelling:
Swelling pertains to the abnormal enlargement of tissue, often a result of fluid accumulation, inflammation, or other underlying health issues. In Ayurveda, it is understood as a symptom of doshic imbalance, and treatment focuses on normalizing these imbalances to alleviate the swelling.
23) Sthana:
Sthana denotes a location or site in Ayurvedic literature, often used to describe the areas where specific diseases manifest. Identifying the sthana associated with a disease aids practitioners in determining appropriate treatment strategies and interventions to restore health.
24) Family:
Family in the context of Ayurvedic medicine can denote the traditional familial lineage of practitioners, emphasizing inherited knowledge and skills. Additionally, it refers to the holistic approach of treating familial health issues through shared herbal remedies and lifestyle practices that promote collective well-being.
25) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu signifies paleness or pallor, typically associated with anemia in Ayurveda. It is considered a significant symptom that may indicate underlying imbalances or deficiencies in nourishment, requiring appropriate dietary changes and herbal treatments to rectify the condition and restore health.
26) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the investigative effort presented in the article, focusing on the Ayurvedic management of ascites through specific case reports and treatment methodologies. It aims to demonstrate the efficacy of holistic approaches in addressing complex health issues using traditional practices.
27) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurvedic medicine, governing movement, circulation, cognition, and elimination. An imbalance in Vata can lead to disorders characterized by anxiety, irregular digestion, or dryness. Maintaining Vata balance is pivotal for overall health and well-functioning bodily systems.
28) Drug:
Drugs in Ayurveda are primarily herbal or mineral-based substances used for therapeutic purposes. They are formulated based on traditional practices, targeting specific disorders by restoring balance within the body's systems, marking a significant approach within the holistic framework of Ayurvedic medicine.
29) Cow milk (Cow's milk):
Cow milk plays a significant role in Ayurvedic dietary practices, recognized for its nutritional value and digestibility. It is often used in treatments and formulations due to its grounding properties, aiding various health conditions, and supporting overall digestion, nourishment, and balance.
30) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated refers to substances—such as fluids or toxins—that have built up in the body due to various factors, including improper digestion or imbalances among doshas. Addressing accumulation is crucial in Ayurvedic healing, emphasizing detoxification and restoring harmony.
31) Sharapunkha (Sarapunkha, Shara-punkha):
Sharapunkha refers to a specific herb used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for managing liver and spleen disorders. Its benefits are highlighted in treating conditions like ascites, reinforcing its reputation as a hepatoprotective agent that enhances digestive health and aids overall metabolic function.
32) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha refers to the triad of doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—in Ayurveda, reflecting the elemental forces that mold each individual's constitution. Understanding the balance of Tridosha is pivotal for diagnosing health conditions and tailoring personalized treatment plans for holistic healing.
33) Godugdha:
Godugdha signifies cow's milk that has been purified or treated using specific methods in Ayurveda. It is revered for its rich nutrient profile and soothing properties. Godugdha is utilized in treatments to promote digestion, enhance immunity, and balance bodily doshas.
34) Medicine:
Medicines in Ayurveda encompass a broad spectrum of treatments, including herbal remedies, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes. The focus is on personalized care, utilizing plant-based and natural substances to restore balance and promote health while aiming for minimal side effects.
35) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the disruption or corruption of the natural balance within the body, often linked to doshic imbalances. It's a critical concept in Ayurveda for diagnosing conditions, determining treatment strategies, and understanding the pathogenesis of diseases.
36) Channel:
Channel, in Ayurvedic terminology, often refers to the pathways used for circulation of fluids, energy, and nutrients throughout the body. Healthy channels are essential for optimal physiological functioning. Treatments are tailored to address any obstructions or imbalances in these channels to restore health.
37) Mandura (Mamdura):
Mandura is an Ayurvedic formulation primarily composed of iron and is utilized for the treatment of anemia and related conditions. It helps restore healthy blood levels and improves overall vitality, embodying the Ayurvedic principle of using minerals to address specific health deficiencies.
38) Shunthi (Sunthi, Sumthi, Shumthi):
Shunthi, or dry ginger, is an important herb in Ayurveda known for its digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. It is widely used in treatments for various gastrointestinal conditions and is revered for its ability to enhance Agni (digestive fire), aiding in proper digestion.
39) Samala (Shamala):
Shamala is presumably the name of the primary author of the study or case report featured in the text. Her contributions, alongside her colleagues, highlight the role of education and research in advancing Ayurvedic medicine and improving patient care.
40) Siddha:
Siddha refers to specific formulations or treatments that are perfected over time in Ayurveda, often comprising a combination of medicinal herbs, minerals, and other agents. Such formulations promote healing and balance by restoring natural body functions and addressing specific ailments.
41) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma indicates a unique form of Ayurvedic medicine prepared by calcining minerals or metals. Bhasmas are prescribed for their therapeutic properties and efficacy, particularly in detoxifying the body and enhancing overall health when integrated into traditional Ayurvedic treatment protocols.
42) Katuki:
Katuki (Picrorhiza kurroa) is a medicinal herb extensively used in Ayurveda for its liver-supportive properties. It is known for promoting digestive health, preventing liver diseases, and expediting the detoxification process. Its role in treatments often addresses imbalances related to Pitta.
43) Sutra:
Sutra means 'thread' or 'aphorism' and refers to a principle, guideline, or rule in Ayurvedic texts that conveys essential teachings. Sutras encapsulate knowledge, serving as foundational elements for practitioners to establish their treatments based on ancient wisdom and understanding.
44) Rakta:
Rakta refers to the blood in Ayurvedic medicine, encompassing its significance in maintaining vitality and health. The balance of Rakta is paramount in Ayurvedic practices, as it relates to overall nourishment, circulation, and the body's ability to sustain proper physiological functions.
45) Bile:
Bile holds a significant place in digestion, particularly for the emulsification and breakdown of fats. In Ayurveda, the health of bile and its proper flow is essential for maintaining digestive harmony and preventing ailments related to the liver and gallbladder.
46) Food:
Food is a fundamental component of Ayurveda, seen as both nourishment and a means for healing. Ayurvedic principles emphasize the importance of diet tailored to individual constitutions (Prakriti), incorporating holistic recommendations that influence digestion, health, and well-being.
47) Milk:
Milk, especially cow's milk, is considered a vital food source in Ayurveda due to its nourishing and balancing properties. It aids in digestion and promotes overall health, often used as a base for various Ayurvedic formulations and dietary regimens.
48) Post:
Post, in context to Ayurvedic literature and studies, typically signifies a documented entry or report detailing observations, results, or discussions regarding treatment outcomes, emphasizing the importance of recording and sharing findings in advancing Ayurvedic knowledge and practice.
49) Abhrakabhasma (Abhraka-bhasma):
Abhraka-bhasma is a processed form of mica used in Ayurvedic medicine for its therapeutic properties. It is believed to enhance vitality, strengthen the body, and support various physiological functions, making it valuable in treating deficiencies and promoting overall health.
50) Malavriddhi (Malavrddhi, Mala-vriddhi):
Mala-vriddhi signifies the accumulation of waste or toxic substances within the body, leading to health imbalances. In Ayurveda, it is essential to identify mala-vriddhi for successful treatment, as it affects digestion and overall bodily functions, necessitating appropriate detoxification protocols.
51) Observation:
Observation refers to the careful monitoring and analysis of patient symptoms and treatment outcomes in Ayurvedic practice. It serves as a foundational element in assessing the effectiveness of prescribed interventions and making necessary adjustments to ensure optimal patient care.
52) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
Rakta-pitta refers to an imbalance of the Pitta dosha affecting blood and related metabolic functions. This condition can lead to symptoms such as inflammation or heat sensations. Understanding rakta-pitta is essential for diagnosis in Ayurveda, guiding proper treatment and dietary adjustments.
53) Mulasthana (Mula-sthana):
Mula-sthana denotes the root or primary location of a particular physiological process or disease in Ayurvedic terminology. Identifying the mula-sthana of conditions helps practitioners direct their therapies effectively, focusing on the root causes of imbalances to facilitate comprehensive healing.
54) Pittadosha (Pittadosa, Pitta-dosha):
Pitta-dosha is one of the three fundamental energies in Ayurvedic thought, linked to transformation, heat, and metabolism. An imbalance in Pitta can result in symptoms like inflammation and digestive issues. Practitioners aim to restore Pitta balance through appropriate dietary and lifestyle adjustments.
55) Discussion:
Discussion in the context of Ayurveda encompasses the analysis and interpretation of findings gathered during treatment and observation. This helps in understanding the underlying mechanisms of diseases, evaluating the efficacy of prescribed interventions, and integrating Ayurvedic principles into broader medical practices.
56) Arkapatra (Arka-patra):
Arkapatra refers to a term used in Ayurveda, often associated with specific herbal treatments or medicinal preparations. The application and relevance of Arkapatra underscore the emphasis on utilizing natural resources in Ayurveda to achieve therapeutic benefits.
57) Samjivani (Sanjivani):
Sanjivani refers to a mythical herb in Ayurvedic literature, often regarded as a life-restoring elixir. It symbolizes the power of herbal medicine and its potential in rejuvenation and healing, reflecting Ayurveda’s philosophy of using nature for health and revitalization.
58) Education:
Education in Ayurveda encompasses the dissemination of knowledge about traditional practices, herbal medicine, and holistic health approaches. This includes formal training, research, and practice, essential for preserving Ayurvedic wisdom and enhancing community health outcomes through informed practices.
59) Suffering:
Suffering in Ayurveda is understood as the manifestation of imbalances or diseases affecting one’s overall well-being. The framework emphasizes identifying the causes of suffering and using holistic approaches for restoration, focusing on prevention, treatment, and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
60) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to Ayurvedic glossaries, comprising lists of medicinal herbs and their descriptions. It serves as a crucial reference for practitioners in prescribing treatments, promoting the study of medicinal plants within Ayurvedic practice, and preserving traditional knowledge.
61) Activity:
Activity, in Ayurvedic contexts, denotes the engagement of bodily functions, including digestion, metabolism, and movement. Understanding bodily activity is vital for diagnosing imbalances, helping practitioners recommend lifestyle adjustments that promote optimal functioning and enhance health.
62) Chedana:
Chedana refers to the aspect of Ayurvedic treatment focused on breaking down or clearing obstructions within the body’s systems. It encompasses techniques designed to alleviate blockages to restore the flow of energy and nutrients and enhance overall health.
63) Bhedana:
Bhedana relates to the Ayurvedic practice of separating or distinguishing substances within the body, aiding in the therapeutic process. This technique is used for diagnosing and resolving complex health issues by identifying and addressing the different elements contributing to a patient's condition.
64) Abhraka:
Abhraka signifies mica in its processed form utilized in Ayurveda for its unique medicinal properties. It pertains to the restoration of vitality and support for various bodily functions, making it an important element in certain Ayurvedic treatments.
65) Bharati:
Bharati likely refers to an authority or a reference within the Ayurvedic framework, emphasizing the scholarly aspect of Ayurvedic practice and the importance of established knowledge for practitioners and researchers advancing the field.
66) Apathya:
Apathya refers to items or practices that are not suitable for an individual's constitution or condition in Ayurveda. Avoiding apathya is crucial to maintaining balance and preventing disease, highlighting the importance of personalized care in treating patients effectively.
67) Adhmana:
Adhmana denotes abdominal distension or discomfort in Ayurvedic terminology, often associated with imbalances among doshas. Treatment focuses on restoring balance to alleviate symptoms and promote proper digestion, emphasizing the interconnectedness of bodily systems.
68) Vriddhi (Vrddhi):
Vriddhi indicates an increase or growth, often used in contexts relating to changes in bodily elements or symptoms. Monitoring vriddhi helps practitioners assess the progression of health conditions, ensuring appropriate interventions are applied to maintain balance.
69) Science (Scientific):
Science, in relation to Ayurveda, represents the systematic study of natural healing systems, integrating modern research methodologies with traditional practices. This ensures a comprehensive understanding of health and efficacy of treatments based on ancient wisdom and proven results.
70) Kukshi (Kuksi):
Kukshi refers to the abdominal cavity or abdomen in Ayurvedic terminology. Understanding the kukshi is pivotal for diagnosing abdominal disorders and formulating appropriate treatment plans aimed at restoring health and balance in this essential area of the body.
71) Yakrit (Yakrt):
Yakrit signifies the liver in Ayurvedic texts, recognized for its critical role in digestion and metabolism. A healthy yakrit is essential for the overall balance of bodily functions, and conditions affecting the liver are treated by restoring its vitality through various medicinal approaches.
72) Shopha (Sopha):
Shopha denotes swelling or inflammation in Ayurveda, serving as a symptom of underlying imbalances among doshas. Addressing shopha through targeted remedies is essential in Ayurvedic treatment to restore balance and alleviate discomfort associated with fluid accumulation.
73) Kvatha:
Kvatha refers to a concentrated herbal decoction in Ayurveda used for therapeutic purposes. This preparation method enhances the potency of herbs, ensuring effective delivery of active compounds to treat various ailments by restoring balance within the body.
74) Gutika:
Gutika refers to a specific form of Ayurvedic tablet or pill, typically made from natural herbs and minerals. These formulations aim to address specific health concerns by providing concentrated doses of beneficial properties in a convenient form for patients.
75) Pathya:
Pathya means suitable or appropriate in the context of Ayurvedic practices, referring to dietary options or lifestyle choices that promote health and balance. Following pathya is essential to prevent disease and support effective treatment processes.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 94]
Other Science Concepts:
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