Guduchi (tinospora cordifolia)

a review of its phytochemical composition and medicinal properties

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Guduchi (tinospora cordifolia)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a review of its phytochemical composition and medicinal properties

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Author:

Subhash Balasaheb Nathe


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Guduchi (tinospora cordifolia)

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202311-28733

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), also known as Amrita or Giloy, is a widely recognized medicinal plant in Ayurvedic medicine, celebrated for its extensive therapeutic properties linked to its rich phytochemical composition. This plant contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, each contributing to its numerous health benefits. Guduchi is noted for its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological activities, making it valuable in holistic health practices and in the treatment of diverse ailments.

Immunomodulatory Properties

One of the significant attributes of Guduchi is its immunomodulatory activity, which enhances the immune system's functionality. It aids in the regulation and strengthening of immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes, crucial for the body's defense against infections and diseases. Studies have shown that Guduchi can elevate the immune response, making it an effective natural remedy for bolstering immunity and combating various health challenges, particularly in populations predisposed to immune deficiencies.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects

Guduchi is also renowned for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These effects are vital for neutralizing harmful free radicals in the body, which can lead to oxidative stress associated with numerous chronic diseases and aging. Additionally, Guduchi mitigates inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, offering therapeutic benefits for conditions like arthritis, asthma, and other inflammatory disorders. Hence, its incorporation into health regimens can foster better health outcomes and reduce the burden of chronic inflammation.

Hepatoprotective and Antidiabetic Activities

Furthermore, Guduchi demonstrates hepatoprotective properties, promoting the regeneration of liver cells and safeguarding the liver from damage due to toxins, drugs, and alcohol. This makes it a promising agent for treating liver disorders such as hepatitis. Likewise, its antidiabetic effects are noteworthy, as Guduchi can regulate blood glucose levels and enhance insulin secretion, proving beneficial for those managing diabetes and its related complications. Such diverse pharmacological activities underscore its role as a multipurpose herbal remedy.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) emerges as a powerful medicinal plant with multiple therapeutic applications in both traditional and modern contexts. Its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic properties position it as an important natural agent for holistic health management. Given its potential, there is a pressing need for further research into its phytoconstituents to develop effective, safe, and affordable herbal medicines that can address a wide array of health issues, thus enhancing the integration of herbal remedies in contemporary healthcare.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Guduchi and what are its other names?

Guduchi, scientifically known as Tinospora cordifolia, is called Amrita, Giloy, or Gulancha in various languages like Sanskrit, Hindi, and Marathi. It is valued in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its therapeutic properties.

What are the key medicinal properties of Guduchi?

Guduchi exhibits various pharmacological activities: immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and antistress, contributing to its diverse health benefits.

How does Guduchi support the immune system?

Guduchi enhances the activity of immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes, thus regulating and strengthening the immune response, making it beneficial in defending against infections.

What role does Guduchi play in managing diabetes?

Guduchi helps regulate blood glucose levels, improves insulin secretion, and enhances insulin sensitivity, making it a valuable plant for managing diabetes and its complications.

What are the traditional uses of Guduchi in Ayurvedic medicine?

Traditionally, Guduchi is used to treat conditions like fevers, jaundice, urinary diseases, coughs, and skin ailments, demonstrating its versatility in Ayurvedic therapeutic applications.

What is the significance of Guduchi in modern medicine?

Guduchi's immense potential in modern pharmacotherapy is evident, with research needed to explore and confirm its health benefits and develop effective herbal remedies.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Guduchi (tinospora cordifolia)”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom of various medical conditions characterized by an increase in body temperature. In Ayurvedic medicine, Guduchi's properties are often utilized to manage different types of fevers such as Jvara, which involve specific herbal preparations for alleviating symptoms associated with inflammation and infection, enhancing recovery through immune support.

2) Activity:
Activity, in a pharmacological context, refers to the range of biological functions or effects exhibited by a substance. For example, Guduchi is renowned for its diverse activities such as immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects, which are evaluated for their potential therapeutic applications in wellness and disease management.

3) Disease:
Diseases encompass a range of health conditions caused by infections, genetic defects, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Guduchi is recognized for its potential effectiveness against multiple diseases, including diabetes, inflammation, and infectious diseases, due to its rich phytochemical profile that boosts the body's defense mechanisms.

4) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study and application of how drugs interact with biological systems. In the context of Guduchi, it highlights the importance of understanding its pharmacological actions, including its potential benefits and therapeutic effects, which are explored through clinical and experimental studies to substantiate traditional uses.

5) Honey:
Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by bees, known for its therapeutic properties. In Ayurvedic formulations, honey is often combined with herbal preparations, like Guduchi, to enhance taste and effectiveness, as well as to provide soothing effects, especially in treatments for cough, fever, and digestive issues.

6) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi or Giloy, is a prominent herb in Ayurvedic medicine. It is renowned for its extensive medicinal properties, including immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective actions, making it a valuable resource for managing a variety of health conditions and maintaining overall wellness.

7) Vomiting:
Vomiting, or the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth, is a symptoms of various health issues. Guduchi is utilized in traditional medicine to alleviate vomiting, especially as part of formulations addressing ailments like Amlapitta or Chardi, thereby providing relief through its therapeutic properties.

8) Cancer:
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Certain studies suggest Guduchi's potential anticancer properties, attributing it to the herb's ability to inhibit tumor growth and promote apoptosis in cancer cells, highlighting its importance in complementary healing strategies for cancer.

9) Drug:
Drugs, in the context of pharmacology, refer to therapeutic substances used to treat conditions. Guduchi exemplifies a herbal drug employed in Ayurvedic medicine, signifying a shift towards recognizing the value of plant-based therapies in contemporary healthcare.

10) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Guduchi's anti-inflammatory activity is critical in managing conditions like arthritis and skin diseases, where the herb helps mitigate the inflammatory process, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

11) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation consisting of three fruits: Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, and Emblica officinalis. It is known for its detoxifying properties and is often combined with Guduchi in practices aimed at improving digestive health and overall wellness.

12) Medicine:
Medicines refer to substances utilized for treatment or prevention of health issues. Guduchi's integration into herbal medicines exemplifies the use of plant-based therapies in Ayurveda, highlighting the rich tradition of using natural substances for health improvements.

13) Family:
Family, in botanical terms, refers to the grouping of related plants. Guduchi belongs to the Menispermaceae family, which includes many other medicinal plants. Understanding the family relationships aids in comprehending the plant's characteristics, uses, and potential medicinal value.

14) Nimba:
Nimba, or Azadirachta indica, is a medicinal tree known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In Ayurvedic practices, Nimba is often used alongside Guduchi in formulations aimed at treating fevers and various skin conditions, enhancing the efficacy of the treatment.

15) Vata:
Vata is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, representing the elements of space and air. Imbalances in Vata can lead to various health issues, including digestive problems and stress; Guduchi is recommended for balancing Vata and alleviating associated disorders.

16) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive plant compounds that contribute to health benefits. Guduchi is rich in phytochemicals like alkaloids and flavonoids, validating its extensive therapeutic applications and the scientific interest in their mechanisms of action in health and disease contexts.

17) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient holistic healing system that emphasizes balance in body and mind. Guduchi's significant role in Ayurveda highlights its traditional use in promoting health and treating various ailments, emphasized by its diverse pharmacological activities and application in herbal formulations.

18) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, or Piper longum, is another important herb in Ayurveda renowned for its digestive and respiratory benefits. Often paired with Guduchi in herbal remedies, it enhances bioavailability and synergistic effects, optimizing the therapeutic benefits for conditions like fever and cough.

19) Species:
Species represents a distinct group of organisms with common characteristics. Tinospora cordifolia is a specific species utilized for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda, helping to identify and validate its unique pharmacological value in traditional and modern contexts.

20) Amrita (Amrta):
Amrita, which means 'immortality,' is a synonym for Guduchi in Ayurveda, symbolizing its esteemed status as a rejuvenating and strengthening herb. Its implications in promoting health and vitality have earned it this revered name across various traditional texts.

21) Bitter:
Bitter is one of the fundamental tastes recognized in Ayurveda, associated with various health effects. Guduchi's bitter taste is connected to its medicinal properties, contributing to digestive benefits and promoting appetite, alongside its role in balancing the body's doshas.

22) Powder:
Powder is a common form of herbal preparation in Ayurveda, facilitating easier consumption, dosage measurement, and integration into remedies. Guduchi is often dried and ground into powder for use in various formulations targeting health issues such as fever and digestive disturbances.

23) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, known as Amla, is a potent antioxidant fruit in Ayurveda. It often forms part of traditional mixtures alongside Guduchi, enhancing the overall health benefits through synergistic actions targeting rejuvenation, immunity support, and digestive health.

24) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India known for its diverse flora. It is home to many traditional medicinal plants, including Guduchi, which are integral to local healthcare practices. The state's rich Ayurvedic heritage supports the innovative use of these plants in modern medicine.

25) Aragvadhadi (Aragvadha-adi):
Aragvadhadi refers to a group of Ayurvedic formulations that include Guduchi. These formulations are traditionally used for treating various ailments and embody the synthesis of multiple herbal ingredients, reflecting Ayurveda’s holistic approach to treatment.

26) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is a branch of Ayurveda focusing on the properties and actions of drugs. Understanding Guduchi through Dravyaguna principles helps elucidate its therapeutic uses and guides practitioners in formulating effective herbal treatments.

27) Guducyadi (Guducya-adi):
Guducyadi is a classification within Ayurvedic texts that categorizes herbs like Guduchi based on their specific medicinal actions. This categorization aids practitioners in selecting appropriate remedies for various health conditions, ensuring tailored and effective treatments.

28) Amlapitta (Amla-pitta):
Amlapitta describes a condition characterized by acidity and gastric discomfort in Ayurveda. Guduchi is used in formulations to alleviate Amlapitta by balancing digestive fire and promoting gastrointestinal health through its soothing and restorative properties.

29) Patoladi (Patola-adi):
Patoladi refers to a classification of Ayurvedic formulations that incorporate various plants for therapeutic benefits. It highlights the integrated approach of using several herbs, including Guduchi, for managing metabolic and digestive disorders.

30) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayanas are rejuvenating substances in Ayurveda intended to promote longevity and vitality. Guduchi is recognized as a Rasayana, illustrating its significant role in traditional practices aimed at enhancing health, vitality, and overall well-being.

31) Amalaki:
Amalaki, or Emblica officinalis, is a key herb in Ayurveda known for its antioxidant properties. Frequently used alongside Guduchi, it enhances the health benefits of formulations aimed at vitality, digestive health, and immune support.

32) Kamala (Kama-la):
Kamala refers to jaundice in Ayurveda, a condition impacting liver function. Guduchi is used in treatments for Kamala due to its hepatoprotective properties, which aid in liver detoxification and restoration, enhancing overall digestive health.

33) Patola:
Patola, or Trichosanthes dioica, is a plant in Ayurveda often used for its beneficial effects on digestion. When combined with Guduchi in herbal formulations, it can address gastrointestinal issues and improve metabolic functions.

34) Kvatha:
Kvatha is an Ayurvedic term for herbal decoctions made from plant materials. Guduchi is often prepared as a Kvatha to extract its active compounds, delivering potent medicinal benefits in a liquid form for enhanced absorption and efficacy.

35) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kasaya refers to the astringent taste recognized in Ayurveda, often associated with healing properties. Guduchi's Kasaya qualities contribute to its therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal health and its role in tissue repair and regeneration.

36) Indian:
Indian pertains to the cultural and geographical context of Ayurveda, which originated in India. The traditional medicinal systems, including the use of herbs like Guduchi, reflect the holistic health philosophies prevalent in Indian culture and society.

37) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha represents the three primary energies in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—fundamental to maintaining health. Guduchi plays a role in balancing these Doshas, helping to correct imbalances that contribute to health issues and promoting homeostasis in the body.

38) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, embodying fire and water elements. It governs metabolic processes; imbalances in Pitta can lead to excess heat and inflammation, conditions for which Guduchi's cooling properties can offer relief and rebalancing.

39) Kapha:
Kapha, one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, represents earth and water elements. It is associated with stability and structure; when out of balance, it can lead to sluggishness and congestion, conditions in which Guduchi is prescribed to restore balance and vitality.

40) Jvara:
Jvara, or fever, is a significant symptom treated in Ayurveda. Formulations including Guduchi are commonly prescribed for its antipyretic properties, illustrating the herb's role in managing and alleviating symptoms of febrile conditions effectively.

41) Taila (Thaila):
Taila refers to herbal oil in Ayurveda, often used in treatments for its soothing and restorative properties. Guduchi-infused taila formulations leverage its beneficial qualities for topical applications, enhancing skin health and providing relief from inflammation.

42) Tikta:
Tikta, or bitter taste, is one of the six tastes in Ayurveda, associated with improving digestion and detoxification processes. Guduchi's inherent Tikta qualities enhance its therapeutic effects, particularly in managing digestive disorders and promoting overall health.

43) Sugar:
Sugar is commonly used as a sweetener in Ayurvedic formulations. In treatments with Guduchi, sugar may enhance palatability and serve as a vehicle for its medicinal properties, particularly for children or individuals who prefer milder tastes.

44) Blood:
Blood symbolizes life force and vitality in Ayurveda. Guduchi's blood-regulating properties are linked to its ability to enhance circulation and purify blood, making it valuable in treating conditions like jaundice and providing overall health benefits.

45) Tree:
Trees provide a natural habitat and support the ecosystem. Guduchi thrives as a climbing plant on trees, showcasing the importance of natural environments in cultivating medicinal plants and their contributions to health and well-being.

46) Sida (Shida):
Sida refers to the genus of flowering plants that have medicinal uses. In Ayurveda, Sida species often accompany formulations containing Guduchi, enhancing the overall therapeutic benefit through a complementary action against various health issues.

47) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa translates to 'taste' in Ayurveda, integral in determining the effects of foods and herbs. Guduchi's specific Rasa attributes, such as bitterness, influence its therapeutic application, guiding practitioners in formulating remedies for distinctive health concerns.

48) Guna:
Guna represents the inherent qualities or properties of substances in Ayurveda. Guduchi's unique Guna characteristics, such as being heavy and unctuous, contribute to its classification and therapeutic potential, shaping its uses in traditional healing systems.

49) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, or clarified butter, is a vital ingredient in Ayurvedic cooking and treatments. It serves as a vehicle for herbal medicines, including Guduchi, enhancing absorption and efficacy while contributing to nutritional balance and digestive health.

50) Azadirachta indica:
Azadirachta indica, or Neem, is a well-known medicinal tree in Ayurveda. Together with Guduchi, it forms part of various formulations aimed at managing infections and skin conditions, highlighting the synergy of Ayurvedic herbal practices.

51) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, or Haritaki, is one of the three fruits in the Triphala formulation. It is valued for its laxative effects and digestive support, making a complementary ingredient when used with Guduchi for holistic digestive health benefits.

52) Berberis aristata:
Berberis aristata, known for its therapeutic compounds, often appears in Ayurvedic formulations targeting liver health. When combined with Guduchi, it amplifies hepatic benefits, reinforcing the efficacy of herbal treatments for jaundice and liver disorders.

53) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is a common symptom relating to conditions like acidity or inflammation. Guduchi's cooling and soothing properties make it effective in addressing such sensations, positioning it as a favorable remedy in herbal treatments aimed at alleviating discomfort.

54) Piper longum:
Piper longum, or Pippali, is a spice known for its digestive and respiratory advantages. Frequently used alongside Guduchi, it enhances the effectiveness of herbal remedies aimed at cough and digestive health, demonstrating the integrative nature of Ayurvedic treatments.

55) Ashtangasamgraha (Astangasamgraha, Astangasangraha, Ashtanga-samgraha, Ashtanga-sangraha, Ashtangasangraha):
Astanga-samgraha is a classical Ayurvedic text that encompasses comprehensive health knowledge, including insights on herbal medicine. Its references to Guduchi underscore the historical formulation practices and traditional healing principles that guide current Ayurvedic therapy.

56) Kaishoraguggulu (Kaisoraguggulu, Kaishora-guggulu):
Kaishora-guggulu is a renowned Ayurvedic formulation used to treat various health concerns, including joint issues. Incorporating Guduchi into this formulation enhances its effectiveness, reflecting the traditional practice of synergistic herbal combinations for maximizing therapeutic benefits.

57) Stanyashodhana (Stanya-shodhana, Stanyasodhana):
Stanya-shodhana refers to the purification of breast milk in Ayurveda. Guduchi's use in this context symbolizes its significance in promoting maternal health and addressing lactation-related challenges, showcasing its diverse applicability across health domains.

58) Vitis vinifera:
Vitis vinifera, or grapevine, is recognized for its antioxidant properties. When integrated into Ayurvedic formulations with Guduchi, it enhances cardiovascular and health effects, demonstrating the advanced understanding of synergistic therapies in traditional medicine.

59) Dahaprashamana (Dahaprasamana, Daha-prashamana):
Dahaprasamana refers to treatments in Ayurveda aimed at alleviating burning sensations. Guduchi's properties make it a valuable herb for these formulations, addressing various health issues, including inflammatory and digestive disorders through traditional herbal practices.

60) Vishamajvara (Visamajvara, Vishama-jvara):
Vishama-jvara refers to fever with irregular patterns. Guduchi is employed in formulations targeting this condition, highlighting its role as an effective treatment in alleviating symptoms of dysregulated fevers and improving patient recovery.

61) Vayahsthapana (Vayassthapana, Vayah-sthapana, Vayas-sthapana):
Vayahsthapana describes rejuvenation and anti-aging in Ayurveda. Guduchi's reputation for enhancing vitality and longevity links it to this concept, affirming its role as a Rasayana and its importance in traditional health practices aimed at promoting youthfulness.

62) Chinnodbhava:
Chinnodbhava refers to the propagation method of plants through cuttings. Understanding this aspect is essential for cultivating Guduchi, ensuring its availability for medicinal use, and emphasizing sustainable practices within herbal medicine cultivation.

63) Daruharidra (Daru-haridra):
Daruharidra, or Berberis aristata, is used for its liver-supporting properties. Together with Guduchi in formulations, they enhance the therapeutic effects for conditions like jaundice, reflecting the synergistic potential of Ayurvedic herbal combinations.

64) Chinnaruha:
Chinnaruha describes the developmental phases of plants from stem cuttings. This understanding aids the sustainable cultivation of Guduchi, ensuring the continuous availability of this essential herb in traditional medicine practices.

65) Madhuparni (Madhu-parni):
Madhuparni is another name for Guduchi, illustrating its importance in Ayurveda. Referring to its restorative and health-promoting properties, this name highlights its esteemed role in traditional practices and herbology.

66) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
Vata-rakta is a condition characterized by joint pain due to Vata imbalance. Guduchi is commonly used in Ayurvedic treatments for this condition, showcasing its efficacy in managing symptoms and restoring balance through its medicinal properties.

67) Triptighna (Trptighna, Tripti-ghna):
Triptighna is a term referring to the ability of a substance to satiate or satisfy hunger. Guduchi's use in formulations aimed at promoting digestive health showcases its multifaceted benefits, enhancing appetite regulation and overall wellness.

68) Discussion:
Discussion in research involves analyzing findings and implications. In the context of Guduchi, discussions facilitate a deeper understanding of its traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and potential for integration into contemporary healthcare frameworks.

69) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid is a specific type of phytochemical with antioxidant properties. Guduchi contains significant flavonoids, contributing to its health benefits, including protecting cells from damage and promoting overall health, which is central to its therapeutic applications.

70) Shatavari (Satavari):
Shatavari, or Asparagus racemosus, is an adaptogenic herb often used in Ayurveda. When combined with Guduchi, it enhances formulations targeting reproductive health and vitality, showcasing the collaborative effects of herbs in promoting holistic wellness.

71) Kakolyadi (Kakoli-adi):
Kakolyadi refers to a group of formulations in Ayurveda leveraging specific herbs for enhancing health. Guduchi is often included for its properties that contribute to improved metabolic processes and overall well-being.

72) Suffering:
Suffering refers to the experience of pain, distress, and discomfort associated with health conditions. Guduchi's therapeutic applications aim to alleviate suffering through its restorative properties, reinforcing its role in managing various ailments in traditional medicine.

73) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to purification processes in Ayurveda used to enhance the potency and safety of herbal medicines. Guduchi's preparation may involve Shodhana techniques, ensuring its efficacy and reducing potential side effects.

74) Dipaniya:
Dipaniya pertains to substances that enhance digestive fire in Ayurveda. Guduchi's use in promoting digestive health illustrates its role in facilitating proper metabolism and overall digestive efficiency, central to maintaining bodily health.

75) Kashipur:
Kashipur is a region in India known for its rich biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices. The presence of Guduchi in this area highlights the importance of local plants in traditional health systems and their availability for Ayurvedic applications.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 142]

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Dosha, Tinospora cordifolia, Rasa (Taste), Ayurvedic medicine, Therapeutic value, World Health Organisation, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antioxidant activity, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activities, Neuroprotective activity, Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia, Antimicrobial activity, Immunomodulatory activity, Hepatoprotective activity, Anticancer activity, Antidiabetic activity, Ayurvedic lexicon, Classical reference, Adaptogen, Phytochemical composition, Bioactive compound, Traditional Ayurvedic medicine, Important formulation.

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