Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Ayurvedic apporach to management of sthaulya
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Subtitle: a review
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Vivek Chandurkar, Shradha Patil
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Ayurvedic apporach to management of sthaulya
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202313-29227
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Obesity, or Sthaulya in Ayurveda, is characterized by an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that adversely affects health. It is recognized as a significant lifestyle disorder affecting both men and women, particularly after the age of forty, during childbirth, and menopause. The Ayurvedic texts refer to Sthaulya as a condition resulting from imbalances in various body energies (doshas) and dysfunctions in the digestive fire (agni) that lead to the improper formation and accumulation of Meda dhatu (fat tissue). This review aims to explore the Ayurvedic perspectives on managing Sthaulya, particularly focusing on therapeutic interventions such as Lekhana Basti.
The Concept of Lekhana Basti
One of the key treatments for Sthaulya in Ayurveda is Lekhana Basti, which is designed to reduce excess fat accumulation. Basti is a form of Panchakarma therapy, an important detoxification process in Ayurveda, and is particularly beneficial because it effectively addresses the vitiation of Vata dosha, which plays a significant role in the pathology of obesity. The therapeutic action of Lekhana Basti is derived from its ingredients, which such as Madhu (honey), Saindhava (rock salt), and various herbal formulations, are believed to enhance fat metabolism and eliminate excess fat from the body. The process of Lekhana signifies "scraping" or "reducing," and underscores the holistic approach of Ayurveda towards weight management.
Understanding Sthaulya Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of Sthaulya highlights the intricate relationship between different doshas, dhatus, and srotas (body channels). The condition is predominantly influenced by the aggravation of Kapha dosha alongside imbalances in Vata and Pitta. The accumulation of Meda dhatu obstructs srotas, leading to increased appetite and rapid digestion, which perpetuate the cycle of overeating and further weight gain. The Ayurvedic texts detail various clinical features associated with Sthaulya, including excess hunger, abdominal expansion, and bodily weakness, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of this disorder. By identifying the root causes of Sthaulya, Ayurveda aims to provide effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Therapeutic Role of Ingredients in Basti
The components of the Lekhana Basti play a vital role in managing Sthaulya. Key ingredients like Saindhava are crucial for enhancing the absorption and efficacy of the treatment, contributing to the removal of toxins and excess fat from the body. Each component, such as Madhu, offers distinct benefits, from improving retention time in the colon to facilitating quick absorption of nutrients. Additionally, herbs like Triphala and Hingu are incorporated to possess properties that combat accumulation and support digestive health. This meticulous formulation underscores Ayurveda's holistic approach, ensuring that treatments are tailored to individual needs while effectively addressing obesity.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Ayurvedic approach to managing Sthaulya through Lekhana Basti exemplifies the system’s integral understanding of health and disease. By targeting the underlying causes of obesity, this treatment modality enhances metabolic functions, balances the doshas, and eliminates excess adipose tissue. The review highlights the significance of optimizing digestive fire and addressing doshic imbalances as essential components in combating obesity. Overall, this evidence supports the efficacy of Ayurvedic practices and underscores their potential contribution to modern health paradigms in addressing obesity and associated health complications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Sthaulya and how is it defined in Ayurveda?
Sthaulya, often compared to obesity, is defined in Ayurveda as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, affecting health. It is noted in texts like Charak Samhita among Ashtauninditya Purusha.
What are the primary symptoms of Sthaulya according to Ayurveda?
Symptoms of Sthaulya include increased body fat, weakness, foul smell, excessive hunger and thirst, and difficulty in sexual intercourse, as described by Acharya Charaka.
How does Lekhana Basti help in managing Sthaulya?
Lekhana Basti, a type of Ayurvedic treatment, helps in managing Sthaulya by removing excess fat (Sama Meda Dhatu), improving digestion, and correcting the Medodhatwagni, thus promoting weight loss.
What types of ingredients are used in Lekhana Basti?
Ingredients for Lekhana Basti include Madhu, Saindhav, Tila Taila, Triphala, and various other herbal components that help enhance fat elimination and digestion.
What is the significance of body mass index (BMI) in assessing obesity?
BMI is a key indicator for measuring obesity, classifying individuals as normal, overweight, or obese based on weight and height. It helps assess risk levels for health issues.
What is the connection between Sthaulya and other health conditions?
Sthaulya is linked to various health issues, including coronary heart diseases, diabetes, hypertension, infertility, and psychological disorders like stress and anxiety, highlighting its health implications.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurvedic apporach to management of sthaulya”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Basti:
Basti is a therapeutic procedure in Ayurveda that involves administering herbal solutions via the rectum to cleanse and regulate the body’s doshas, particularly Vata. It is considered effective in managing conditions like Sthaulya (obesity) due to its potent actions on metabolism and elimination of excess doshas from the body.
2) Sthaulya:
Sthaulya, or obesity, is recognized in Ayurveda as an excessive accumulation of fat. It is associated with an imbalance of doshas, particularly Kapha, and is linked to lifestyle factors. Sthaulya complicates health by leading to chronic diseases and psychological conditions, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies.
3) Lekhana:
Lekhana refers to the process of scraping or reducing excess body fat in Ayurveda. It is a pivotal therapeutic approach aimed at counteracting Sthaulya by utilizing specific herbs and procedures that promote fat loss and restore metabolic balance. Lekhana therapies are integral to Ayurvedic treatments for obesity.
4) Guna:
Guna translates to 'qualities' in Ayurveda, describing the inherent characteristics of substances, including foods and herbs. Each drug's guna influences its therapeutic actions in the body, helping practitioners determine the appropriate treatment for specific health issues based on the patient's constitution and condition.
5) Dravya:
Dravyas, or substances, encompass all medicinal ingredients used in Ayurvedic treatments. Understanding the properties, actions, and interactions of different dravyas is fundamental to effective therapy. Selecting appropriate dravyas helps practitioners tailor treatments to individual patient needs and conditions.
6) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three fundamental energies (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) in Ayurvedic medicine that govern physiological and psychological functions. Their balance is essential for health, while imbalances can lead to various diseases, including Sthaulya. Treatments aim to restore dosha equilibrium through lifestyle and dietary adjustments.
7) Katu:
Katu is a term meaning 'pungent' in Ayurveda, describing one of the six tastes essential to dietary and therapeutic considerations. The katu taste is associated with stimulating digestion and metabolism, which can be beneficial in managing conditions like Sthaulya by enhancing agni (digestive fire).
8) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda refers to the fatty tissue or lipid component in Ayurveda, closely linked to Sthaulya. The metabolic functions of meda are crucial for maintaining body weight and energy levels. Imbalances in meda can lead to health complications, prompting the need for targeted treatments to reduce excess fat.
9) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya means 'astringent' in Ayurvedic terminology, representing one of the six tastes. Astringent herbs and substances are valued for their ability to dry excess moisture in the body and improve digestive functions, playing a role in weight management and the treatment of conditions like Sthaulya.
10) Dhatu:
Dhatus represent the fundamental bodily tissues in Ayurveda, essential for health maintenance. Each dhatu has specific functions and correspondences, and imbalances among them can lead to disease. Management strategies aim to nourish and balance these dhatus to promote optimal health outcomes.
11) Laghu:
Laghu translates to 'light' in Ayurveda, describing a quality of substances or foods that are easy to digest and promote metabolic processes. Laghu properties are favorable for managing Sthaulya, as they help in breaking down heavy, excessive fat and improving digestion.
12) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna means 'hot' in Ayurveda, a property associated with certain substances that can enhance agni (digestive fire) and promote metabolism. Ushna qualities are critical in therapies targeting Sthaulya, as they stimulate fat digestion and help to alleviate Kapha imbalances.
13) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to 'taste' in Ayurveda, classified into six distinct categories: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent, and astringent. Each rasa influences the body's physiology, therapeutic actions, and dietary guidelines. Rasa selection in treatments can affect digestive health and overall balance.
14) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tiksna means 'sharp' or 'penetrating' in Ayurveda. By enhancing caloric burn and breaking down lethargy of doshas, therapies and substances with tiksna properties are effective in managing conditions like Sthaulya.
15) Saindhava (Saimdhava):
Saindhava refers to rock salt in Ayurveda and is prized for its therapeutic properties, including aiding digestion and cleansing. Its use in Basti formulations helps enhance the therapeutic effects by promoting the absorption and efficacy of active ingredients, especially in managing obesity.
16) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is a natural substance hailed for its sweet taste and healing properties in Ayurveda. Madhu is often used in treatments to enhance the absorption and effectiveness of herbal remedies, supporting digestive health and balancing kapha in conditions like Sthaulya.
17) Sneha:
Sneha denotes 'oleation' or oiliness in Ayurveda, representing substances that have a unctuous quality. Sneha components help lubricate and soothe the body, facilitating the mobilization and elimination of toxins and doshas, essential for therapies targeting obesity and related metabolic issues.
18) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the elements of air and space. Flourishing motion, and energy regulation characterize Vata. Its imbalance contributes to various health issues, including obesity; thus, managing Vata is essential in therapeutic approaches for conditions like Sthaulya.
19) Disease:
Diseases encompass impairments to health, often evaluated through the lens of Ayurvedic principles involving dosha imbalances. Effective management strategies aim to restore balance and health, addressing the root causes of diseases.
20) Tikta:
Tikta means 'bitter' in Ayurveda. This taste aids digestion, detoxification, and fat metabolism. Tikta qualities are incorporated into therapies for Sthaulya to help balance kapha and stimulate appetite and metabolic functions, essential for reducing obesity through dietary adjustments.
21) Agni:
Agni refers to the digestive fire in Ayurveda, essential for nutrient absorption and transformation. A balanced agni ensures optimal metabolic functions and health. In managing Sthaulya, strengthening agni through dietary measures and therapies is crucial for effective fat metabolism and overall wellness.
22) Drug:
Drugs in Ayurvedic contexts refer to herbal or medicinal preparations utilized for healing and therapy. Proper selection and application are vital for effectiveness in treating conditions like Sthaulya; a comprehensive knowledge of each drug's properties, roles, and interactions with doshas informs effective treatment plans.
23) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathogenesis or progression of a disease in Ayurveda. It describes how imbalances in doshas lead to specific health conditions. Understanding samprapti is essential for devising treatment plans aimed at correcting these imbalances to restore health.
24) Snigdha:
Snigdha means 'unctuous' or 'oily' in Ayurveda, describing a quality associated with substances that lubricate tissues and promote ease of movement. It plays an important role in detoxifying the body and enhancing absorption in treatment formulations, especially for managing kapha-related conditions.
25) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient healing system from India emphasizing balance among body, mind, and spirit for health maintenance. Utilizing holistic approaches, Ayurveda employs diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications to address conditions, including Sthaulya, aiming to restore harmony and well-being.
26) Sukshma (Suksma, Shukshma):
Shukshma means 'subtle' in Ayurveda, referring to substances or properties that penetrate deeply into bodily tissues. Substances with shukshma qualities are essential for effective delivery of herbal medicines in treating conditions like Sthaulya.
27) Lavana:
Lavana translates to 'salt' in Ayurveda and encompasses various salt types used in medicinal formulations. Lavana possesses properties that aid digestion and balance dosha, crucial for managing conditions like Sthaulya by enhancing the therapeutic effects of other ingredients in treatments.
28) Kapha:
Kapha is one of Ayurveda's three doshas, characterized by stability, structure, and moisture. An imbalance in Kapha often results in weight gain and conditions like Sthaulya. Managing Kapha through dietary and lifestyle changes is essential for restoring equilibrium and achieving optimal health.
29) Medadhatu (Meda-dhatu):
Meda-dhatu refers specifically to adipose tissue or fat in the body in Ayurveda. It plays a critical role in health, metabolism, and energy storage. An excess accumulation of Meda-dhatu contributes to conditions like Sthaulya, necessitating targeted treatments for reduction and balance.
30) Vipaka:
Vipaka refers to the post-digestive effect of food and medicine in Ayurveda, indicating how substances transform after digestion. Understanding vipaka is crucial for tailoring treatments, ensuring the chosen substances align with the desired outcomes in balancing doshas and managing conditions like Sthaulya.
31) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhis refer to various diseases or disorders in Ayurveda. Understanding different vyadhis, including their causes and symptoms, is essential for developing effective treatment strategies for health issues like Sthaulya.
32) Water:
Water is essential for maintaining hydromineral balance in the body and is pivotal in Ayurveda for various therapeutic processes. It aids in digestion, detoxification, and metabolic functioning, particularly crucial for conditions like Sthaulya where hydration plays a role in fat metabolism.
33) Mala:
Mala refers to waste products in Ayurveda, including toxins and by-products from metabolism. The elimination of mala is crucial for maintaining health, as accumulation can lead to disease. Therapies often focus on detoxification to manage conditions like Sthaulya effectively.
34) Vayu:
Vayu represents the element of air and is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, governing movement and physiological functions. An imbalance in Vayu can contribute to various disorders, including Sthaulya. Therapeutic approaches often focus on restoring Vayu balance for health improvement.
35) Mahabhuta (Maha-bhuta):
Mahabhutas refers to the five great elements that constitute matter in Ayurveda—earth, water, fire, air, and space. A thorough understanding of mahabhutas is essential for diagnosing and treating imbalances contributing to various health issues, including Sthaulya.
36) Madhura:
Madhura means 'sweet' in Ayurveda and describes one of the six tastes critical for health and diet formulation. Sweet-tasting substances have a calming effect, providing nourishment and balance. In moderation, madhura supports overall health and is strategic in managing conditions like Sthaulya.
37) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas refers to channels or pathways in the body through which doshas, dhatus, and mala travel. Proper functioning of srotas is essential for health, as blockages or imbalances can lead to disease. Srotodusthi, or disturbance in channels, is a critical aspect of Ayurvedic diagnosis and treatment.
38) Karma (Karman):
Karma means 'action' in Ayurveda, describing the therapeutic effects of treatments and interventions. Understanding the karma of substances helps determine their effectiveness in achieving desired health outcomes, including managing dosha imbalances and treating conditions such as Sthaulya.
39) Kalka:
Kalka refers to a paste or pulp made from medicinal herbs in Ayurveda, used in various preparations to enhance the efficacy of treatments. Calka preparations facilitate the release of active constituents and improve therapeutic absorption, essential for managing conditions like Sthaulya.
40) Kleda:
Kleda translates to 'moisture' or 'wetness' in Ayurveda, often associated with imbalances in Kapha dosha. An excess of kleda can lead to conditions like Sthaulya. Therapeutic strategies focus on reducing excessive kleda through dietary modifications and treatments to restore balance.
41) Guru:
Guru means 'heavy' in Ayurveda, referring to substances that are more difficult to digest and may contribute to an imbalance in Kapha dosha. Foods and drugs with guru properties can lead to increased weight gain, making their management crucial in Sthaulya treatment.
42) Tridoshahara (Tridosahara, Tridosha-hara):
Tridoshahara refers to substances that pacify all three doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. In Ayurveda, identifying tridoshahara substances is key for providing balanced treatments that help restore harmony among the doshas, critical for overall health and particularly important in managing conditions like Sthaulya.
43) Apatarpana:
Apatarpana refers to the process of reducing or eliminating excess tissue or fat in Ayurveda. This therapeutic approach is essential for treating conditions like Sthaulya, focusing on restoring balance and health by utilizing appropriate therapies that foster weight loss and metabolic recovery.
44) Substance:
Substances in Ayurveda denote all materials, including herbal and mineral, used in therapeutic formulations. Understanding the properties and actions of different substances is fundamental to effective treatment planning and addressing health conditions like Sthaulya.
45) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is a renowned Ayurvedic formulation composed of three fruits—Amalaki, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki. It is celebrated for its detoxifying properties, balancing all three doshas. In managing Sthaulya, Triphala aids digestion, enhances metabolic processes, and supports overall health restoration.
46) Medoroga (Medas-roga):
Medo-roga is a term for obesity in Ayurveda, characterized by excess meda dhatu accumulation. Understanding the dynamics of medo-roga aids in developing effective treatment strategies focused on balancing dosha and promoting healthy fat metabolism.
47) Gomutra (Go-mutra):
Gomutra, or cow urine, is used in Ayurvedic practices for its reputed therapeutic properties, including detoxifying effects and enhancing immunity. Its inclusion in treatments helps manage doshas, particularly Kapha, making it a beneficial substance in managing conditions like Sthaulya.
48) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha means 'dry' in Ayurveda, indicating a quality that aids in reducing moisture and phlegm in the body. Therapeutic agents with ruksha properties are beneficial for counteracting excess kapha and are traditionally employed in treatments aimed at reducing Sthaulya.
49) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana means 'pacification' in Ayurveda, representing therapies aimed at calming or reducing dosha imbalances. Shamana strategies are crucial in treating conditions like Sthaulya to restore balance and promote overall health.
50) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing transformation and metabolism. An imbalance in Pitta can lead to various health issues, including weight management problems. Treatments often focus on balancing Pitta to restore health and well-being.
51) Udara:
Udara refers to the abdominal region in Ayurveda, where excess fat often accumulates in conditions like Sthaulya. Health in the udara region is crucial for overall well-being; hence, treatments targeting obesity often emphasize reducing fat and improving metabolic health in this area.
52) Vyana:
Vyana is a type of vayu responsible for circulatory functions and the distribution of nutrients throughout the body. Proper functioning of vyana is essential for health, and imbalances can contribute to excess weight or fat retention, making it a focus in obesity management.
53) Avapa:
Avapa refers to a category of substances or methods used in Ayurvedic therapies to manage conditions by enhancing specific qualities or effects. These additions can help tailor treatments to optimize dosha balance and metabolic function.
54) Stana:
Stana refers to body parts or locations in Ayurveda. In contextual therapies, focusing on specific stana, like those prone to fat accumulation (e.g., abdomen), is key for effective treatment strategies for conditions such as Sthaulya.
55) Roga:
Roga signifies 'disease' in Ayurveda. It encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions due to dosha imbalances, dhatu disruptions, or environmental factors. Understanding the various types of roga is critical for deriving appropriate treatment strategies for patient recovery and well-being.
56) Sama (Shama):
Sama means 'equal' or 'balanced' in Ayurveda. The term implies a state of equilibrium concerning doshas or bodily functions. Therapy often aims to achieve sama through various interventions, focusing on restoring balance to ensure health and prevent disease.
57) Chal:
Chal refers to 'movement' or 'mobility' in Ayurveda. It is an essential concept connected to the actions of vayu and the dynamics of bodily functions. Maintaining an appropriate balance of chal through movement and exercise supports effective metabolism and health, especially in managing Sthaulya.
58) Food:
The food signifies dietary elements that play a crucial role in Ayurveda. Food choices and their qualities directly influence health, particularly in managing conditions like Sthaulya, where dietary adjustments are essential for enhancing metabolism and balancing doshas.
59) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the excessive buildup of substances such as fat or toxins in the body. In Ayurveda, addressing accumulation, particularly Meda-dhatu accumulation in Sthaulya, is essential for reclaiming balance and health through targeted therapies and lifestyle adjustments.
60) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India where Ayurvedic practices are prevalent. The region has a rich history in traditional medicine, contributing to the broader understanding and application of Ayurvedic principles and therapies, including those for managing obesity and promoting holistic health.
61) Dhatukshaya (Dhatuksaya, Dhatu-kshaya):
Dhatukshaya refers to the depletion or weakening of dhatus in Ayurveda. This condition can affect overall health and vitality and is often linked to disease processes. Treatments aim to restore dhatus through dietary support, herbal therapies, and lifestyle changes to rejuvenate health.
62) Vyanavayu (Vyana-vayu):
Vyana-vayu is one of the five types of vayu, primarily responsible for circulation and the distribution of nourishment in the body. Maintaining vyana-vayu balance is essential for good health and is especially significant when managing conditions like Sthaulya, which involve metabolic processes.
63) Jatharagni (Jathara-agni):
Jatharagni refers to the digestive fire located in the stomach, representing the primary factor in digestion and metabolism in Ayurveda. A strong jatharagni is essential for breaking down food and preventing conditions like Sthaulya by efficiently processing nutrients and energy.
64) Atikshudha (Atiksudha, Ati-kshudha):
Atikshudha means 'excessive hunger' in Ayurveda, often seen in conditions like Sthaulya. It reflects an imbalance in appetite regulation, prompting unhealthy eating habits. Addressing atikshudha through dietary modifications and management strategies is vital in treating obesity and restoring metabolic balance.
65) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated refers to the disrupted balance of doshas or dhatus resulting in health issues. In Ayurveda, vitiated states necessitate corrective actions through treatments that aim to restore harmony and facilitate the elimination of conditions like Sthaulya.
66) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha refers to the three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—in Ayurveda governing physiological processes. The balance among these doshas is paramount for health, and understanding their interplay is crucial for diagnosing diseases and tailoring effective Ayurvedic therapies like those for Sthaulya.
67) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana denotes the process of cleansing and detoxifying the body in Ayurveda. It is vital for restoring health, particularly for conditions marked by excess doshas or toxins. Shodhana therapies aim to purify the body and balance the doshas, essential for managing Sthaulya.
68) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to rejuvenation therapies in Ayurveda focused on enhancing longevity and vitality. Rasayana treatments aim to nourish and balance the body's tissues, contributing to overall health maintenance and countering conditions like Sthaulya through strengthening and nourishing therapies.
69) Samghata (Sanghata):
Sanghata means 'coagulation' or 'aggregation' in Ayurveda, associated with the accumulation or blockage of doshas. Addressing sanghata is essential for resolving health issues, particularly those involving obesity where blockage in fat metabolism occurs, impacting overall wellness.
70) Purusha (Purusa):
Purusha signifies 'human being' in Ayurveda. The concept reflects the individual constitution and balance of doshas, guiding therapeutic approaches in Ayurvedic medicine to restore health based on unique body types and specific conditions, including obesity.
71) Kledaka:
Kledaka refers to the type of Kapha dosha that moistens the body fluids and digestive systems. Abundant kledaka can contribute to imbalances leading to conditions like Sthaulya. Therapies often aim to regulate and balance kledaka for optimal health.
72) Solapur:
Solapur is a city in Maharashtra, India, where Ayurvedic practices are integrated into local health cultures. The region is known for its traditional medicine heritage, emphasizing holistic health and wellness practices, including treatments for managing conditions such as Sthaulya.
73) Dushya (Dusya):
Dusya refers to the harmful or pathological qualities of substances in Ayurveda. Understanding dusya is essential for effective diagnostic processes and treatment formulation to manage conditions like Sthaulya by addressing underlying health issues.
74) Tuttha:
Tuttha is an Ayurvedic substance known for its cleansing properties. It is utilized in treatments to remove impurities and is particularly effective in Basti formulations aimed at improving digestion and facilitating weight management in conditions like Sthaulya.
75) Hingu (Himgu):
Hingu, or asafoetida, is a powerful herb in Ayurveda utilized for its digestive properties. It helps reduce gas and bloating and stimulates agni, thus playing a crucial role in treatments for Sthaulya by enhancing metabolic activities.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 165]
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