Collection and biochemical evaluation of human gingival crevicular fluid

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Collection and biochemical evaluation of human gingival crevicular fluid
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Janhvi Kadam


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Collection and biochemical evaluation of human gingival crevicular fluid

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202314-29327

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article by Janhvi Kadam published in the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research focuses on the collection and biochemical evaluation of Human Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF). The significance of GCF lies in its role as an inflammatory exudate derived from periodontal tissues, providing valuable insights into oral health and disease. This fluid is essential for maintaining the health of the periodontium and contains various biochemical constituents that can serve as diagnostic biomarkers for dental infections and periodontal diseases.

Importance of Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Gingival Crevicular Fluid is a serum-like exudate that bathes the gingival sulcus and is produced in varying rates depending on the presence of inflammation. In healthy tissues, GCF is generated by passive diffusion; however, during inflammation, its production increases due to stimulated permeability of the epithelial barrier, turning it into an inflammatory exudate. The fluid's composition includes electrolytes, proteins, cytokines, and enzymes, all of which contribute to its diagnostic capability. Elevated levels of specific biomarkers found in GCF can indicate the extent of periodontal disease, making it an important area of research for diagnosing oral health conditions.

Mechanisms of Sample Collection

The study describes various methods for collecting GCF, with a focus on micropipette and absorbent filter paper strip techniques. Micropipette methods involve inserting capillary tubes into the gingival crevice, allowing for undiluted and measurable samples; however, this method can be time-consuming and challenging due to fluid viscosity. On the other hand, absorbent filter paper strips are easier to handle and allow for more precise collections but may cause some irritation to the tissue, potentially triggering additional fluid exudation. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of these collection techniques is crucial for future periodontal research.

Biochemical Evaluations in Periodontal Diagnosis

The article presents a series of biochemical tests performed on the collected GCF to identify bacterial presence and assess periodontitis. Tests such as the Indole test, Starch Hydrolysis test, and Catalase test were performed, revealing the presence of diverse anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. For instance, the positive results from the Starch Hydrolysis test confirmed the presence of Bacillus subtilis, while the negative Catalase test indicated Streptococcus mutans. These tests not only help identify the bacterial profile in GCF but also contribute to the understanding of bacterial role in periodontal diseases.

Conclusion

The findings of this research underscore the importance of GCF as a diagnostic fluid in periodontal disease assessment. The study successfully demonstrated that various collection methods and biochemical evaluations could provide critical insights into the microbial populations present in gingival crevices. The identification of specific bacteria linked to periodontal disease highlights the potential for GCF-based testing as a rapid and effective diagnostic tool in clinical practice. The overall implications are significant for advancing oral health diagnostics and could lead to improved management of periodontal conditions and further studies on the relationships between oral microorganisms and systemic health.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and its importance?

Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) is an inflammatory exudate from periodontal tissues. It contains various biomolecules that can be used as diagnostic markers for periodontal diseases, helping assess inflammation and response to treatment.

What are the primary functions of GCF?

GCF serves multiple functions including washing the sulcus, transporting immune cells, and containing antimicrobial agents, helping maintain oral health and providing insight into periodontal disease activity.

How is GCF collected for analysis?

GCF is commonly collected using methods such as micropipette, absorbent filter paper strips, or crevicular washing, each with its own advantages and disadvantages regarding sample volume and ease of collection.

What types of bacteria can be found in GCF?

GCF can contain various bacteria including Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella, Salmonella species, Lactobacillus species, and others. These bacteria's presence can indicate oral health status and potential periodontal issues.

What biochemical tests are performed on GCF samples?

Biochemical tests like Indole, Catalase, Starch Hydrolysis, and Citrate utilization tests are performed. These tests help identify specific bacteria present in GCF, contributing to the understanding of periodontal conditions.

What future research could involve GCF analysis?

Future studies could explore GCF's proteome to enhance knowledge of periodontal diseases and detect biomarkers for root resorption, aiding in faster diagnoses and cost-effective treatment options.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Collection and biochemical evaluation of human gingival crevicular fluid”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Kadam:
Kadam is likely the surname of Janhvi Kadam, the author of the research article. Her work focuses on the collection and biochemical evaluation of human gingival crevicular fluid, emphasizing the importance of this fluid in diagnosing oral diseases and its implications for dental research.

2) Table:
In the context of the research article, 'Table' refers to organized data presentations used to summarize experimental procedures, results, or equipment. Tables enhance clarity and comprehension, allowing readers to quickly grasp complex information and compare data across various aspects of the study.

3) Species:
Species relates to the biological classification used in the research to identify and categorize the bacteria found in gingival crevicular fluid. Understanding different species is crucial for determining their roles in oral health and disease, aiding in effective diagnosis and treatment plans.

4) Disease:
Diseases refers to a range of medical conditions, particularly those affecting dental and periodontal health. The article focuses on understanding the microbial and biochemical factors involved in dental diseases to improve diagnostic techniques and treatment approaches.

5) Water:
Water is a solvent essential for various biochemical reactions and media preparation in laboratory settings. In the context of the research, distilled water is used in the formulation of various growth media and solutions necessary for culturing bacteria and conducting experiments.

6) Inference:
Inference involves drawing conclusions based on experimental observations and test results in the study. It is critical for interpreting the biochemical tests performed on gingival crevicular fluid samples, leading to the identification of bacterial species and their significance in oral health.

7) Surface:
Surfaces refer to the areas of tooth and gum where oral bacteria adhere and interact. Studying the surfaces in relation to gingival crevicular fluid can help identify factors that contribute to periodontal disease progression and microbial growth.

8) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response often linked to periodontal disease and the production of gingival crevicular fluid. The study discusses how inflammation is indicated by elevated biochemical markers in GCF, serving as a diagnostic tool for assessing periodontal health.

9) Line:
Line refers to the streak of inoculation used in microbial testing to introduce bacterial samples onto agar media. It is essential for isolating bacterial colonies, making it a vital technique in identifying and analyzing the microbial content of gingival samples.

10) Observation:
Observation pertains to the examination and recording of changes during the experiments. Precise observations are critical for determining positive or negative results in biochemical tests, leading to conclusions about the microbial composition of gingival crevicular fluid.

11) Activity:
Activity in this context relates to the biochemical and microbial processes observed in gingival crevicular fluid. The study assesses the metabolic activity of bacteria present, which can indicate underlying oral health conditions and guide treatment options.

12) Study (Studying):
Studying indicates the act of examining and analyzing the gingival crevicular fluid, its properties, and its microbial contents. This studying serves to illuminate key aspects of periodontal disease, advancing both clinical practices and academic research.

13) Science (Scientific):
Scientific denotes the rigorous methodology employed in the research. The article follows established scientific principles for data collection, experiment design, and analysis, supporting the credibility and reliability of the findings related to dental health.

14) Aureus:
Aureus refers specifically to Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria identified in the study. Recognizing the presence of this species in gingival crevicular fluid can have implications for reducing periodontal disease risk and managing infections in dental patients.

15) Life:
Life refers to the living organisms, specifically bacteria, being studied in relation to the gingival crevicular fluid. Understanding bacterial life in the oral cavity provides insights into the dynamics between human health and microbial activity, essential for dental research.

16) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India where the research was conducted. The geographical and cultural context can influence oral health and disease prevalence, making Maharashtra a relevant location for studying gingival crevicular fluid and its implications for dental health.

17) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the environment around the gingival crevice, including the influence of oral hygiene practices and dietary habits on the microbial composition of gingival crevicular fluid. Understanding surrounding factors is important for comprehensive periodontal assessments.

18) Amravati:
Amravati is a city in the state of Maharashtra, India, where the research was conducted. The local demographic and health conditions can provide insights into the patterns of dental diseases and the significance of gingival crevicular fluid analyses.

19) Family:
The family refers to specific taxonomic classifications of bacteria identified in the study. Characterizing bacterial families present in gingival crevicular fluid aids in understanding their ecological roles and contributions to periodontal disease dynamics.

20) Thomas:
Thomas likely refers to Thomas E. Van Dyke, a notable figure whose works cited in the study relate to the cellular compounds in gingival crevicular fluid. His research contributes to understanding the role of such compounds in periodontal disease.

21) Gupta:
Gupta refers to G. Gupta, an author cited in the literature review of the study. Gupta's work focuses on the diagnostic relevance of gingival crevicular fluid, emphasizing its importance for understanding periodontal disease indicators.

22) India:
India is the country of focus in the research conducted by Kadam. The sociocultural factors and health practices in India can significantly influence oral health outcomes, making it a crucial context for the study of gingival crevicular fluid.

23) Blood:
Blood refers to the source of various biomolecules found in gingival crevicular fluid. The fluid is a collection of components derived partly from blood serum, which provides crucial insights into the presence of inflammatory markers and disease activity.

24) Nakar:
Nagar translates to 'town' or 'city' in several Indian languages. In this research context, it refers to the locality of Ganesh Nagar in Amravati, Maharashtra, showcasing the regional context of the study's findings on oral health.

25) Road:
Road is a reference to Sutgirani Road, where the author's workplace is located. The designation signifies the importance of accessibility and local healthcare resources in conducting research related to oral care and periodontal disease management.

26) Salt (Salty):
Salt plays a vital role in biological processes and can impact oral health by influencing microbial growth and inflammation. Its relevance may lie in dietary patterns discussed in the study concerning oral hygiene and periodontal disease.

27) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs but can have oral manifestations. While the study focuses on periodontal health, understanding systemic diseases like tuberculosis is important for comprehensive risk assessments in dental patients.

28) Raghavendra:
Raghavendra likely refers to Raghavendra N. M., a co-author cited in the research. His contributions in the context of periodontal studies are relevant for backing the research findings with evidence from existing literature.

29) Subramanyam:
Subramanyam refers to M. V. Subramanyam, another cited author whose work involves periodontal disease analysis. His studies provide foundational knowledge and context that helps inform the current research on gingival crevicular fluid and biomarkers.

30) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated refers to the buildup of particular components in gingival crevicular fluid, indicative of disease activity. Understanding what accumulates in this fluid allows researchers to identify potential biomarkers relevant for diagnostics.

31) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analysis and interpretation of findings in the study. It is a critical component, as it contextualizes experimental results within existing literature, providing insights and implications for oral health practices.

32) Developing:
Developing relates to understanding and improving methods or practices within the context of oral health research. This includes advancements in diagnostics and treatments for periodontal diseases based on findings from the study.

33) Irritation:
Irritation refers to the inflammation or discomfort that may arise from sampling techniques in gingival crevicular fluid collection. Recognizing factors that cause irritation helps improve methods to collect samples with minimal patient discomfort.

34) Substance:
Substance specifies individual components within the gingival crevicular fluid. Identifying specific substances, such as cytokines or antibodies, is crucial for understanding their function in periodontal disease processes and potential as biomarkers.

35) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The study emphasizes the intersection of dental medicine and microbiological research in enhancing strategies for tackling periodontal health issues.

36) Bleeding:
Bleeding is a common symptom associated with periodontal diseases that may correlate with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid. Identifying these patterns can guide more effective treatments and patient management strategies.

37) Channel:
Channel could refer to the route of fluid flow in the gingival area or the method of fluid collection. Understanding different channels helps refine techniques for obtaining gingival crevicular fluid during research.

38) Karanja (Karamja):
Karanja likely refers to a specific dental clinic or locality in Maharashtra where the research was conducted. The location contextualizes the study findings within the healthcare landscape to which they apply.

39) Quality:
Quality relates to the integrity and reliability of the data collected in the study. Ensuring high quality during fluid collection and analysis is essential for deriving valid conclusions about periodontal health.

40) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene refers to practices aimed at maintaining health and preventing disease spread. The study highlights the significance of oral hygiene in relation to the composition of gingival crevicular fluid and the health of periodontal tissues.

41) Company:
Company here may refer to an entity engaging in the research or manufacturing of dental-related products. The mention emphasizes collaborations or support that enhance the context of the study’s implications in oral care.

42) Forest:
Forest could metaphorically relate to the diversity of microbial species present, akin to a forest's biodiversity. It highlights the complex ecological interactions in the oral cavity crucial for understanding periodontal disease.

43) Cancer:
Cancer refers to the malignant conditions that can compromise overall health, including oral cancer which may intersect with periodontal diseases. Understanding systemic health is vital in dental research for comprehensive patient care.

44) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent characteristics of biological entities, including the microbial ecosystem in the oral cavity. Understanding the nature of these interactions is crucial for the development of effective treatments for periodontal disease.

45) Medium:
Medium refers to the growth substrates used in microbiological studies, such as agar and broth. The composition and properties of the medium are critical for cultivating bacteria from gingival crevicular fluid during analysis.

46) Indian:
Indian indicates the nationality or context relevant to the study, signifying local health practices, dietary habits, and systemic factors that influence oral health among the population explored in the research.

47) Food:
Food relates to dietary habits affecting oral health and the composition of gingival crevicular fluid. Understanding nutritional influences can provide insights into prevention and management of periodontal diseases.

48) Wall:
Wall may refer to the cellular structures or boundaries within the gingival tissues, including bacterial cell walls that influence pathogenicity in periodontal disease contexts. This understanding is crucial in microbiology.

49) Post:
Post typically suggests an action taken after an event, such as procedures after periodontal therapy. Understanding post-care practices is crucial for preventing further disease progression and promoting oral health.

50) Sho (So):
Shao likely refers to Shao Wu Chen, a co-author whose cited work contributes to the understanding of cytokines in periodontal health. Collaboration strengthens the study's findings and contextual relevance within existing literature.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Collection and biochemical evaluation of human gingival crevicular fluid’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Oral hygiene, Clinical Practice, Gingival inflammation, Prevalence of gingivitis, Biochemical evaluation, Sex hormone, Microbial colonization, Sample collection method, Biomarker, Experimental work, Diagnostic marker, Periodontal therapy, Gingival crevicular fluid, Periodontal tissue, Dental infection, Capillary action, Microbial challenge, Inflammatory exudate, Oral bacteria, Diagnostic biomarker.

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