Acharya sushrutokta gana – a botanical review

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Acharya sushrutokta gana – a botanical review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Gana:
The term 'Ganas' refers to multiple groups or classifications of medicinal plants within the Ayurvedic pharmacological framework. Each gana comprises drugs with correlated therapeutic actions, facilitating streamlined treatment approaches in traditional healing practices.

2) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is a classical language of India, known for its rich literary and scientific heritage. In the context of Ayurveda and traditional Indian medicine, many texts, terminologies, and philosophical concepts are articulated in Sanskrit, making it essential for understanding and practicing Ayurvedic medicine and its historical context.

3) Family:
In botanical classification, 'Family' denotes a group of related plants sharing common characteristics. Each family includes various genera (plural of genus) and species, helping researchers and practitioners identify plants, understand their uses, and determine their interrelationships in the ecosystem and within medicinal applications.

4) Drug:
'Drugs' is the plural form of drug, referring to multiple substances that can influence biological processes. In Ayurveda, various drugs from distinct families and classifications are utilized in combinations to achieve synergistic effects for holistic health care and the treatment of disorders affecting the body's equilibrium.

5) Rani:
Dr. Sanchita Rani is a contributing author and MD scholar in the Dravyaguna Department at the Post Graduate Training and Research Institute in Ayurvedic College, Patiala. Her research focuses on Ayurvedic pharmacology, particularly the classification and usage of plant-based medicines in traditional healing practices.

6) Madhuka:
Madhuka, known as licorice, is a plant whose roots, scientifically named Glycyrrhiza glabra, are widely utilized in Ayurveda. It is valued for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, demulcent, and expectorant effects. It is often used to treat respiratory conditions and improve digestive health.

7) Glycyrrhiza glabra:
Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as licorice, is an herbal plant famed for its sweet-tasting roots. In Ayurveda, it is used for its soothing properties on the throat, its ability to balance Pitta dosha, and its role in gastrointestinal health, making it a vital ingredient in many formulations.

8) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kustha refers to various plants recognized in Ayurveda for treating skin diseases and conditions. The term encompasses a broader category linked with medicinal usage to combat skin ailments and infections, emphasizing the therapeutic scope of specific plant drugs in traditional Eastern medicine.

9) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, often called Guduchi, is a highly revered herb in Ayurveda known for its immune-boosting and rejuvenating properties. It is utilized for managing fevers, enhancing vitality, and detoxifying the body, highlighting its significance in holistic health practices.

10) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, known as Haritaki, is an important herbal remedy in Ayurveda recognized for its laxative and digestive aid properties. It's commonly used in polyherbal formulations for its detoxifying and rejuvenating effects, supporting digestive and overall health.

11) Berberis aristata:
Berberis aristata, commonly known as Tree Turmeric or Indian Barberry, holds a significant place in Ayurvedic medicine. Its roots and bark are utilized for their antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily to treat skin conditions and digestive issues.

12) Plumbago zeylanica:
Plumbago zeylanica, known as Chitrak, is recognized in Ayurveda for its beneficial effects on digestive health. It is often used to stimulate appetite and digestion while promoting weight management and overall metabolic function, underlining its utility in traditional medicine.

13) Visahara (Vishahara, Visha-hara):
Vishahara refers to the act of removing or alleviating excess doshas, particularly Vata and Pitta, from the body. In Ayurvedic practices, it denotes therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring balance and promoting homeostasis, particularly in conditions marked by heat or inflammation.

14) Haritaki:
Haritaki is the term for Terminalia chebula, known for its diverse health benefits in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. It acts as a natural laxative, digestive aid, and detoxifying agent, effective for balancing all three doshas, emphasizing its reputation as a panacea.

15) Nymphaea:
Nymphaea refers to the genus of water lilies, often utilized in herbal medicine. In Ayurveda, their various species are known for their calming effects, helping to soothe the mind and body, and support emotional and mental well-being.

16) Amalaki:
Amalaki, known as Emblica officinalis, is a powerful fruit heavily used in Ayurveda for its rich vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. It aids in enhancing immunity, balancing all three doshas, and supporting overall health, particularly digestive and skin health.

17) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, primarily associated with earth and water elements. It governs bodily structures, stability, and metabolism. An imbalance can lead to conditions such as congestion or weight gain, emphasizing the importance of Kapha management in holistic health.

18) Gulma:
In Ayurveda, Gulma refers to a condition characterized by the formation of masses or tumors within the body, often linked to impaired digestive functions. Treatment generally focuses on correcting dosha imbalances through dietary and herbal interventions, emphasizing the need for appropriate lifestyle adjustments.

19) Haritakyadi:
Haritakyadi denotes a formulation or category of drugs in Ayurveda wherein Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) is a key ingredient. This group usually focuses on enhancing digestive health and detoxification, showcasing how synergistic effects of multiple components can be harnessed for therapeutic applications.

20) Phala:
Phala translates to 'fruit' in Hindi and Sanskrit, symbolically representing the results or outcomes of actions. In Ayurvedic context, it often refers to the benefits derived from medicinal plants or practices, highlighting the goal of therapy and holistic healing.

21) Patha:
Patha, or Cissampelos pareira, is an important medicinal herb in Ayurveda known for its various therapeutic properties. It is typically used for its analgesic effects, aiding respiratory health and mitigating fevers, accentuating its significance in traditional healing practices.

22) Solanum xanthocarpum:
Solanum xanthocarpum, known as Kantakari, is a medicinal plant in Ayurveda primarily utilized for its antidiabetic properties. It helps manage blood sugar levels and promote respiratory health, emphasizing its utility in managing chronic health conditions.

23) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, also known as Amalaki, is a significant Ayurvedic herb recognized for its potent antioxidant and rejuvenating properties. It is instrumental in immune support, promoting skin health, and overall vitality, emphasizing its traditionally valued benefits in holistic practices.

24) Prunus cerasoides:
Prunus cerasoides, known as Padmaka or flowering cherry, is mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for its therapeutic benefits. It is commonly used for its antifungal and antibacterial properties, with applications in managing conditions like skin infections and injuries.

25) Butea monosperma:
Butea monosperma, commonly known as Palash or flame of the forest, is a valuable herb in Ayurveda used for its antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and respiratory benefits. Its flowers and leaves are utilized in various formulations emphasizing traditional healing.

26) Solanum indicum:
Solanum indicum, referred to as Brihati in Ayurvedic literature, is recognized for its benefits in respiratory and digestive health. It is often used for its anti-inflammatory properties and helps mitigate cough and skin conditions, showcasing its importance in holistic treatments.

27) Santalum album:
Santalum album, known as Sandalwood, is an important aromatic wood in Ayurveda. Its oil and paste are revered for soothing effects, utilized in skin care and as a calming agent in rituals, thereby highlighting its multifaceted applications in traditional medicine.

28) Mesua ferrea:
Mesua ferrea, commonly known as Nagakesara, is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant valued for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. It's often used in treating skin conditions and respiratory ailments, emphasizing its relevance in the pharmacopoeia of traditional herbal medicine.

29) Piper longum:
Piper longum, commonly known as Pippali, holds significant therapeutic value in Ayurveda. It is reputed for its role in enhancing digestion and respiratory function, serving as an effective remedy for cough, cold, and as a rejuvenating tonic.

30) Tribulus terrestris:
Tribulus terrestris is an herb known in Ayurveda as Gokshura. It is primarily used for its diuretic effects and for enhancing strength and sexual health, underscoring its significance in traditional practices aimed at revitalizing vitality and wellness.

31) Vidarigandhadi (Vidarigandha-adi):
Vidarigandhadi is a classical Ayurvedic formulation that includes herbs known for their restorative properties for reproductive and digestive health. It showcases the traditional knowledge of combining various plant extracts to achieve comprehensive health benefits.

32) Parushakadi (Parushaka-adi, Parusakadi):
Parushakadi is an Ayurvedic concept grouping beneficial plants that were traditionally used for managing digestive disorders or conditions involving pain. They highlight the significance of ancient wisdom in addressing common ailments through natural interventions.

33) Hridroga (Hrdroga, Hrid-roga):
Hridroga refers to heart conditions in Ayurveda, which may include various disorders related to the heart and blood circulation. The Ayurvedic approach often involves lifestyle modifications and herbal treatments to restore balance and promote heart health.

34) Katphala:
Katphala or Myrica esculenta is used in traditional medicine for its astringent properties. Its applications include treatment for digestive issues and wound healing, emphasizing its role in Ayurveda for promoting health through natural sources.

35) Atisara:
Atisara refers to dysentery in Ayurveda, characterized by frequent and watery stools. It is crucial to identify the specific dosha imbalance causing the condition to tailor the treatment effectively, typically involving diet management and herbal remedies.

36) Vriksha (Vrksa):
In Ayurvedic terminology, 'Vriksha' denotes the term for 'tree,' which is significant in traditional pharmacology. Many Ayurvedic remedies derive from trees, and their parts, highlighting the importance of botanical sources in this medicinal system.

37) Mustadi (Musta-adi):
Mustadi refers to a group of medicinal herbs in Ayurveda known for their digestive and detoxifying effects. This group often comprises plants utilized to alleviate gastrointestinal distress and cleanse the body, showcasing the systematic classification in Ayurvedic therapies.

38) Lodhra:
Lodhra, or Symplocos racemosa, is prized in Ayurveda for its health benefits, particularly regarding women's health and skin conditions. It is recognized for its astringent properties, often utilized in formulations addressing reproductive issues.

39) Rakta:
'Rakta' translates to 'blood' in Sanskrit, signifying its essential role in physiological functions. Ayurvedic practices often consider blood quality and balance crucial for overall health, highlighting its importance in diagnosis and treatment.

40) Varga:
In Ayurveda, 'Varga' refers to classifications or categories denoting groups of medicines that share common characteristics or therapeutic benefits. This systematization aids practitioners in selecting appropriate remedies tailored to specific health needs.

41) Azadirachta indica:
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as Neem, holds significant stature in Ayurveda for its medicinal and purifying properties. It is renowned for its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects, making it vital for skin care and detoxification.

42) Nelumbo nucifera:
Nelumbo nucifera, known as Lotus, is revered in Ayurveda for its sacred symbolism and dietary uses. Various parts of the plant are used for their health benefits, including its tuber which promotes digestion and overall vitality.

43) Curcuma longa:
Curcuma longa, widely known as Turmeric, is a pivotal herb in Ayurveda recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in a variety of formulations to enhance general health, emphasizing its widespread therapeutic applications.

44) Asparagus racemosus:
Asparagus racemosus, known as Shatavari, is a vital herb in Ayurveda primarily recognized for its benefits to female reproductive health. It functions as a rejuvenating tonic that balances hormones, enhances fertility, and supports overall wellness.

45) Oroxylum indicum:
Oroxylum indicum, known as Shyonak in Ayurveda, is valued for its therapeutic effects, particularly in respiratory health and disease management. Its various parts are utilized for their expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing traditional applications.

46) Acorus calamus:
Acorus calamus, commonly known as Vacha, is an Ayurvedic herb revered for its cognitive-enhancing properties. It is used to promote mental clarity, alleviate anxiety, and enhance digestive performance, showcasing its multifunctional health benefits.

47) Aegle marmelos:
Aegle marmelos, known as Bilva, is a sacred tree in Ayurveda associated with digestive health and managing blood sugar levels. Its leaves and fruit are traditionally used for their therapeutic properties, underlining its cultural significance and health benefits.

48) Daruharidra (Daru-haridra):
Daruharidra, or Berberis aristata, is recognized in Ayurveda for its potent antimicrobial and astringent properties. Often used to treat skin conditions and digestive ailments, it emphasizes the importance of utilizing various plant sources for holistic health.

49) Amalakyadi (Amalaki-adi):
Amalakyadi refers to formulations or groups centered around Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), promoting digestive health, detoxification, and immune support. Such classifications exemplify the holistic approach in Ayurveda, combining multiple herbs for synergistic benefits.

50) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is the branch of Ayurveda that focuses on the botanical aspects of medicinal plants, including their properties, therapeutic uses, and preparation methods. It forms a vital basis for the understanding and application of herbal remedies in daily healthcare.

51) Nagapushpa (Nagapuspa, Naga-pushpa):
Nagapushpa, commonly called Mesua ferrea, finds its use in Ayurveda for treating skin disorders and enhancing reproductive health. Its properties highlight the diverse applications of plants within traditional medicine, further emphasizing herbal pharmacology.

52) Shatavari (Satavari):
Shatavari, scientifically Asparagus racemosus, is a key herb in Ayurveda, addressing women's health and hormonal balance. Its benefits extend to enhancing fertility, lactation, and overall vitality, demonstrating its importance in holistic healthcare.

53) Kantakari (Kamtakari):
Kantakari or Solanum xanthocarpum is an Ayurvedic herb used for conditions like respiratory issues and diabetes. Recognized for its health benefits, it illustrates the range of plant-based treatments prevalent in Ayurvedic remedies.

54) Vibhitaki:
Vibhitaki, known as Terminalia bellirica, is utilized in Ayurveda for its digestive and detoxifying properties. It is a crucial component in many formulations aimed at balancing doshas and promoting overall wellness, highlighting integrative approaches in traditional medicine.

55) Kakolyadi (Kakoli-adi):
Kakolyadi refers to a specific group of medicinal plants tied to promoting reproductive health and vitality in Ayurvedic practices. Such groupings showcase the systematic classification used to harness the therapeutic potential of multiple botanical sources.

56) Pittahara (Pitta-hara):
Pittahara signifies a category of treatments focused on alleviating excess Pitta dosha, commonly linked with heat and inflammation in Ayurveda. By selecting herbs known for their cooling properties, practitioners can effectively manage Pitta-related conditions.

57) Krimihara (Krmihara, Krimi-hara):
Krimihara describes treatments targeting parasitic infections or infestations in the Ayurvedic context. This includes utilizing specific herbs known for their antimicrobial and insecticidal properties to eliminate harmful organisms from the body.

58) Ativisa (Ativisha):
Ativisha, known scientifically as Aconitum heterophyllum, is an important medicinal herb in Ayurveda used for its strong antidote effects. It is primarily employed in managing fever and inflammation, demonstrating its significance in traditional therapeutic applications.

59) Bharangi (Bharamgi):
Bharangi, or Clerodendrum serratum, is recognized in Ayurveda for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is commonly utilized to treat respiratory issues and other inflammatory conditions, emphasizing its valuable role in herbal medicine.

60) Priyangu (Priyamgu):
Priyangu or Callicarpa macrophylla is an herb noted in Ayurvedic texts for its various therapeutic benefits. It is traditionally used to address digestive issues and infections, highlighting the diversity in plant-based treatments.

61) Training:
Training encompasses the systematic education and instruction provided to individuals in Ayurvedic practices, emphasizing knowledge transfer regarding herbal medicine, treatment modalities, and holistic health practices essential for effective healthcare delivery.

62) Padmaka:
Padmaka, or Prunus cerasoides, is an Ayurvedic herb traditionally used for its astringent and anti-inflammatory effects. Its applications typically encompass managing digestive and skin conditions, presenting its significance in natural healing practices.

63) Brihati (Brhati):
Brihati, or Solanum indicum, is appreciated in Ayurveda for managing respiratory ailments. Its therapeutic properties identify it as a vital herb in traditional medicine, focusing on balancing doshas and enhancing health outcomes.

64) Prameha:
Prameha signifies a group of conditions related to diabetes in Ayurveda, marked by frequent urination and fat accumulation. The Ayurvedic approach involves dietary adjustments and specific herbal interventions to manage and treat associated symptoms.

65) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, recognized as Piper longum, is an important herb valued in Ayurveda for its digestive stimulant properties. It is used to enhance metabolic functions and treat respiratory ailments, emphasizing its role in traditional therapeutic frameworks.

66) Trikatu (Tri-katu):
Trikatu is a formulation in Ayurveda composed of three herbs—Pippali, Black Pepper, and Long Pepper. It is primarily utilized to improve digestion, enhance appetite, and combat respiratory disturbances, showcasing its practical applications in traditional health practices.

67) Karanja (Karamja):
Karanja, or Pongamia pinnata, is an Ayurvedic herb noted for its antidiabetic and detoxifying properties. It plays a crucial role in various formulations aimed at managing metabolic and skin-related disorders.

68) Palasha (Palasa, Pala-asha):
Palasha, or Butea monosperma, is widely used in Ayurveda for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Predominantly employed for treating wounds and respiratory issues, its applications highlight its significance in herbal medicine.

69) Haridra:
Haridra refers to turmeric or Curcuma longa, a staple ingredient in Ayurvedic practices revered for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is integral in numerous formulations focused on enhancing health and alleviating ailments.

70) Arjuna:
Arjuna, known as Terminalia arjuna, is recognized in Ayurveda for its cardioprotective properties. It is commonly utilized to support heart health and manage conditions related to blood circulation and hypertension, emphasizing its crucial role in holistic practices.

71) Darbha:
Darbha refers to Imperata cylindrica, an herb recognized in Ayurvedic texts for its detoxifying and diuretic qualities. It is traditionally utilized to promote kidney health and manage urinary disorders, illustrating the diverse uses of plants in Ayurvedic medicine.

72) Punjab:
Punjab is a region in India known for its rich cultural and medicinal heritage, including Ayurveda. The integration of traditional knowledge and medicinal plants in Punjab highlights its significance in the development of holistic health practices.

73) Aruci:
Aruchi denotes a condition characterized by a lack of appetite in Ayurveda. Management of aruchi often involves specific dietary recommendations and herbal interventions to stimulate digestive functions, reflecting the holistic approach of traditional medicine.

74) Dosha (Dosa):
'Dosha' refers to the three fundamental energies (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) in Ayurveda that govern physiological and psychological functions. Understanding doshas is critical for diagnosis and treatment, enabling practitioners to tailor interventions according to individual constitutions.

75) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the fire element and responsible for transformation and metabolism. An imbalance can lead to conditions associated with inflammation and heat, necessitating cooling treatment strategies in Ayurveda.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 396]