Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of crocus sativus plant
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of crocus sativus plant
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Sheeraz Ahmad Wagay, Sheema Rehman, Arun Kumar and Sukhdeep Singh Sasan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of crocus sativus plant
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202315-29493
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Plants have historically served as essential sources of medicinal agents, with a rich tradition of herbal remedies being utilized across cultures for the management of various ailments. The significance of medicinal herbs cannot be understated, especially in light of the increasing global issue of antimicrobial resistance stemming from the indiscriminate use of commercial pharmaceuticals. The search for effective alternatives has renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of herbal medicines derived from plant sources, highlighting the importance of researching these natural products to identify new antimicrobial agents.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Properties
One of the central aspects of this study is the phytochemical screening of Crocus sativus, commonly known as saffron. The research involved extracting compounds from the thread-like parts of the saffron flower and evaluating their antibacterial properties against various pathogens, including E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. typhi. The results indicated that the methanolic extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity, particularly against S. aureus, with the greatest zone of inhibition recorded at a concentration of 250 mg/ml. This highlights the potential of Crocus sativus as a source of natural antimicrobial compounds that could serve as alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Efficacy
The study also determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the saffron extract against the tested microorganisms. The findings revealed that S. aureus had the lowest MIC of 22.55 mg/ml, showing the highest susceptibility to the extract. In contrast, B. subtilis displayed the highest MIC of 74.61 mg/ml, indicating reduced sensitivity. This spectrum of antibacterial efficacy reinforces the notion that plant extracts can be potent against specific pathogens, thereby supporting their traditional use in treating infections.
Phytochemical Composition
In addition to antibacterial activity, the study provided insight into the phytochemical constituents present in the saffron extract. The analysis identified the presence of tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which are known for their potential antibacterial properties. However, saponins and cyanogenic glycosides were absent in the extract. The correlation between the presence of these phytochemicals and the antimicrobial effects observed in the study suggests that the biological activity of Crocus sativus can be attributed to these secondary metabolites, further underscoring its medicinal significance.
Conclusion
Overall, the study on Crocus sativus underscores the relevance of traditional medicinal plants in contemporary healthcare, especially in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. The demonstrated antibacterial properties and the identification of phytochemicals highlight saffron's potential as a viable candidate for developing new antimicrobial agents. As researchers continue to explore the therapeutic benefits of plant-based remedies, the findings from this study contribute valuable knowledge that may inform future pharmacological applications and encourage further investigations into the utilization of medicinal plants in treating infectious diseases.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the research on Crocus sativus?
The research investigates the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Crocus sativus, addressing the growing issue of antibiotic resistance and exploring natural antimicrobial agents from plant sources.
What methods were used to extract compounds from Crocus sativus?
The study utilized a cold percolation method, soaking powdered plant material in ethanol, followed by filtration and drying to prepare various concentrations of the extract for antimicrobial testing.
Which microorganisms were tested against the Crocus sativus extract?
The extract was tested against five microorganisms: E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. typhi, using the modified well diffusion method to measure antibacterial activity.
What were the findings regarding the bacteria's growth inhibition?
The extract showed significant inhibition against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with the largest inhibition zone at 13.5 mm for S. aureus at a 250 mg/ml concentration, while S. typhi exhibited no inhibition.
What phytochemicals were identified in the Crocus sativus extract?
The extract contained tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which are known for their antimicrobial properties, while saponins and cyanogenic glycosides were not present.
Why is Crocus sativus significant for traditional medicine?
Crocus sativus has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including wounds and infections, supported by its observed antibacterial activities and the presence of bioactive compounds.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of crocus sativus plant”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are crucial in treating bacterial infections but are increasingly ineffective due to resistance. This study emphasizes the need for alternative sources of antibiotics, particularly from natural products like Crocus sativus, reinforcing the urgency of research in this area amid rising antimicrobial resistance.
2) Crocus sativus:
Crocus sativus, commonly known as saffron, is a flowering plant whose stigmas are valued for their medicinal properties. This study explores its phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity, highlighting its potential use as a natural antimicrobial agent against various pathogens, which is crucial for developing alternative medicines.
3) Activity:
In the context of the study, 'activity' refers to the biological effects induced by the extracts from Crocus sativus against specific microorganisms. The antibacterial activity is assessed through inhibition zones, indicating how effective the extracts are at preventing bacterial growth, which is vital for potential therapeutic applications.
4) Aureus:
Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium that can cause various infections, some of which are resistant to antibiotics. The study emphasizes the antibacterial activity of Crocus sativus extracts against this pathogen, underscoring the importance of finding effective natural treatments to combat antibiotic resistance related to this bacterium.
5) Medicine:
Medicines encompass a broad array of therapeutic substances used for treating health conditions. The importance of exploring plant-derived medicines is highlighted, with Crocus sativus being a potential source for novel antimicrobial agents, as traditional use underscores its significance in holistic health practices.
6) Disease:
The singular term 'disease' refers specifically to an identifiable condition that disrupts normal bodily functions. The study investigates how Crocus sativus may offer solutions for treating infectious diseases caused by resistant bacteria, contributing to the ongoing quest for effective therapeutic options.
7) Drug:
Drugs, in general, are substances utilized for medical treatment. The research addresses the need for alternative drugs, particularly derived from plants, emphasizing the urgency for new antimicrobial agents as the efficacy of existing synthetic drugs diminishes due to rising antibiotic resistance.
8) Cancer:
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. While the study primarily focuses on antibacterial properties, it acknowledges the broader medicinal potential of Crocus sativus in traditional practices, some of which include its use in treating cancer and its associated symptoms in traditional medicine.
9) Table:
In the context of the paper, 'Table' refers to the organized presentation of data regarding the antibacterial testing results and minimum inhibitory concentrations. Tables provide clarity and facilitate comparisons of different extract concentrations against various bacterial species, enhancing the understanding of the study's outcomes.
10) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants, contributing to their efficacy in traditional medicine. The study offers insights into the phytochemical composition of Crocus sativus, linking these compounds to observed antibacterial activities and reinforcing the potential of natural substances in medical applications.
11) Species:
The term 'species' indicates distinct biological classifications of organisms. In the study, multiple bacterial species are tested against the extracts of Crocus sativus, illustrating the plant's broad-spectrum antibacterial potential and emphasizing the necessity for further research on various species.
12) Science (Scientific):
The term 'scientific' relates to the methodical investigation that underpins the study. Emphasizing scientific rigor and empirical evidence strengthens the credibility of the findings on Crocus sativus and its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent.
13) Kumar:
Kumar is one of the authors mentioned in this research, contributing expertise to the study. Authors often bring diverse perspectives to research, enhancing the credibility and multifaceted approach towards evaluating the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of plants, such as Crocus sativus.
14) Study (Studying):
The phrase 'the study' indicates the specific research investigate in the extraction and analysis of Crocus sativus's antibacterial properties. It serves as a focal point for the findings and discussions that aim to elucidate the plant's potential benefits in combating bacterial infections.
15) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is a state in India known for its rich tradition of herbal medicine. The mention of Rajasthan emphasizes the cultural and historical context of traditional remedies, reinforcing the importance of studying local medicinal plants, including Crocus sativus, to find new effective treatments.
16) Substance:
Substances refer to the chemical compounds present in plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. The study focuses on identifying the bioactive substances in Crocus sativus that may have antibacterial effects, thus providing insights into their therapeutic applications.
17) Darshana (Darsana):
Darshana is cited as one of the authors of the paper, suggesting collaborative efforts in researching the antibacterial effects of Crocus sativus. In scholarly work, authors contribute their expertise and findings that enhance the quality of research on medicinal plants and their therapeutic applications.
18) Chandra:
Chandra plays a role as one of the authors in this collaborative research. The presence of multiple authors indicates a diverse range of expertise contributing to the findings regarding Crocus sativus, enriching the overall analysis and discussion on its potential uses in medicine.
19) Chanda (Chamda):
Chanda, a similar name to Chandra, indicates an additional author who contributed to the investigation of Crocus sativus. Contributions from multiple authors foster a more comprehensive understanding of the research topic, highlighting the broad interest in the pharmacological investigation of this important plant.
20) Ulcer:
An ulcer, often causing pain and discomfort, poses a medical challenge. The potential antibacterial activity of Crocus sativus, as noted in the study, highlights its relevance in treating ulcers, reinforcing the importance of continuing research on natural remedies for common medical conditions.
21) India:
India is recognized for its vast tradition of using medicinal plants for various health issues. The study of Crocus sativus is situated within the Indian context, highlighting the cultural significance and the potential for discovering new therapeutic agents from indigenous plant species.
22) Cyperus rotundus:
Cyperus rotundus is another plant referenced in the article, exemplifying the diversity of natural substances being explored for medicinal properties. Its mention underscores the vast array of plants available that warrant study for their pharmacological and therapeutic potentials alongside Crocus sativus.
23) Vitis vinifera:
Vitis vinifera, or grapevine, is another plant referenced in the study. Its inclusion highlights the relevance of diverse plant species in medicinal research, drawing parallels between the effects of various phytochemicals and the search for new antimicrobial agents in traditional and modern settings.
24) Performance:
In this context, 'performance' relates to the efficacy of Crocus sativus extracts in exhibiting antibacterial activity. The study evaluates the performance of different concentrations of the extract against various bacterial pathogens, providing essential data for understanding its therapeutic potential.
25) Discussion:
The term 'discussion' pertains to the section of the study where the authors interpret their findings and relate them to existing literature. This analysis provides context for the results obtained from Crocus sativus, highlighting its implications for future research and practical applications in medicine.
26) Developing:
The term 'developing' refers to the need for new treatments or therapies, particularly as resistance to existing ones grows. The study investigates Crocus sativus as a potential source for developing new medications, reflecting a broader trend in searching for more effective antimicrobial agents.
27) Flavonoid:
The term 'flavonoid' refers specifically to individual compounds within the broader flavonoid class. These compounds are evaluated for their potential health benefits, including antibacterial effects, making them critical components in the study of Crocus sativus and its extracts.
28) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform relates to the biochemical processes that bacteria may undergo to survive against antimicrobial agents. The study suggests that certain bacteria might transform substances in a way that neutralizes their inhibitory effects, which is a vital consideration in the fight against antibiotic resistance.
29) Shridevi (Shri-devi, Sridevi):
Sridevi is another author involved in the research, indicating collaborative input from multiple specialists in evaluating Crocus sativus. The contributions of various authors enrich the study, facilitating a more detailed examination of the plant's antibacterial properties.
30) Surface:
Surface pertains to the interface where the studied extracts interact with bacteria during the experiment, particularly in the diffusion method used to assess antibacterial activity. Understanding interactions at the surface level is crucial for determining the effectiveness of the extracts.
31) Company:
Company refers to the collaborative efforts within the research community. The collective input of various authors signifies an organization of knowledge and resources essential for conducting robust research into the medicinal benefits of plants like Crocus sativus.
32) Nature:
Nature signifies the inherent qualities and compounds found in plants. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding natural products, particularly those derived from Crocus sativus, in developing new treatments for bacterial infections and preserving traditional medicinal practices.
33) Indian:
The word 'Indian' relates to the cultural and geographical context of the study, emphasizing the significance of Crocus sativus within Indian traditional medicine. This highlights the plant's widespread usage and the need for research into its medicinal qualities within the region.
34) Botany:
Botany, the scientific study of plants, is critical in understanding the characteristics and uses of flora, including Crocus sativus. This study's exploration of phytochemicals and their effects falls under the umbrella of botany, indicating its relevance in discovering new medicinal sources.
35) Field:
Field, in this context, implies a specific area of study or practice. In the research on Crocus sativus, the field may encompass botany, pharmacology, or traditional medicine, underscoring the need for combined expertise to uncover the plant's potential health benefits.
36) Viti:
Viti refers to Vitis vinifera, the grapevine, mentioned in the study to broaden the exploration of various plant species. Its inclusion emphasizes the relevance of diverse plant-derived compounds in research, reinforcing the importance of extensive studies on different species for therapeutic applications.
37) Food:
Food relates to the nutrition derived from plants, but in the context of the research, it may indicate the broader implications of plant extracts in diet and health. Understanding the nutritional value and health benefits of Crocus sativus can bridge the gap between food and medicine.
38) Viru:
The term 'viru' might refer to a specific context that was not fully elaborated in this study's text but could imply aspects related to viral infections or challenges in health. Further context may be necessary to fully elucidate its significance in the current research.
39) Kita:
Kida is mentioned as an author in the research, highlighting the collaborative effort in the study of Crocus sativus. The diversity among authors supports a comprehensive investigation, emphasizing the value of interdisciplinary teamwork in exploring the pharmaceutical potentials of plants.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of crocus sativus plant’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Flavonoid, Traditional medicine, Tribal areas, Antibacterial activity, Phyto-chemical screening, Phytochemical screening, Phytotherapy, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Folk medicine, Traditional healer, Zone of inhibition, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Active ingredient, Secondary metabolite, Drug resistance, Microbial pathogens, Inhibition zone, Ethanol extract, Tannin, Biological activities, Pharmaceuticals, Plant Extract, Ethnoveterinary practices, Multiple Drug Resistance, Alkaloid, Antimicrobial screening, Cardiac glycoside, Medicinal agent.