Analytical Methods for DPP-4 Inhibitors: HPLC Techniques Reviewed

dpp-4 inhibitors include: linagliptin, sitagliptin, vidagliptin, and saxagliptin

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Chromatographic review
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: dpp-4 inhibitors include: linagliptin, sitagliptin, vidagliptin, and saxagliptin

Original source:

This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.

Author:

Jatin Sharad Patil, Amitkumar R. Dhankani and Dr. Sunil P. Pawar


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Chromatographic review

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202316-29625


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is escalating globally, presenting a chronic metabolic challenge that is increasingly linked to cardiovascular diseases. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which include drugs such as linagliptin, sitagliptin, vidagliptin, and saxagliptin, represent a modern class of oral hypoglycemic agents. These medications operate by enhancing the effects of the hormones GLP-1 and GIP, leading to improved glycemic control. Their weight neutrality and tolerability, compared to traditional diabetes medications, are key benefits contributing to their growing adoption in clinical practice.

Development and Importance of HPLC Methods

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has emerged as a premier analytical technique for the quantification of DPP-4 inhibitors, particularly in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices. The review delineates the development and validation of HPLC methods used for determining concentrations of linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vidagliptin. With a total of thirty-seven methods identified, the study emphasizes the importance of HPLC due to its specificity, accuracy, and reliability, which are crucial for regulatory submissions and quality control in drug manufacturing.

Role of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Lipid Management

An intriguing aspect of DPP-4 inhibitors is their reported capacity to influence lipid profiles in Type 2 diabetic patients. The review highlights that, although various studies present conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors in reducing total cholesterol levels, there is potential for these drugs to positively impact cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes. The effects on lipid management are crucial, as the interplay between glucose lowering and lipid profile modulation can have significant implications for the overall cardiovascular health of patients.

Chemical Structures and Mechanisms of Action

Each DPP-4 inhibitor has a distinct chemical structure that contributes to its pharmacological activity. Linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vidagliptin possess unique molecular frameworks that render them effective in enhancing GLP-1 levels while inhibiting DPP-4 enzyme activity. The review provides detailed chemical descriptions and visual representations of these compounds, elucidating their mechanisms of action in promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon levels, which are critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis.

Conclusion

The comprehensive analysis presented in the review underscores the evolving landscape of diabetes management through the use of DPP-4 inhibitors. The integration of advanced analytical techniques, such as HPLC, is essential for the quantification and quality assurance of these medications. With ongoing research into the benefits of DPP-4 inhibitors beyond glycemic control, particularly in lipid management and cardiovascular health, these drugs remain vital tools in the therapeutic arsenal against Type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the understanding of their mechanisms and implications deepens, they hold promise for improving patient outcomes in both diabetes and its associated complicacies.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are DPP-4 inhibitors and their role in diabetes treatment?

DPP-4 inhibitors, like linagliptin and sitagliptin, are oral medications for managing type 2 diabetes. They improve glycemic control by enhancing hormones GLP-1 and GIP, which stimulate insulin release.

How do DPP-4 inhibitors affect cardiovascular health?

DPP-4 inhibitors are associated with favorable lipid profiles and reduced cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical studies suggest they may improve heart health, making them suitable for diabetes patients with cardiovascular concerns.

What analytical methods are used for DPP-4 inhibitors?

Methods like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) are extensively used for quantifying DPP-4 inhibitors in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples, providing reliable results for regulatory submissions.

What is the significance of HPLC in pharmaceutical analysis?

HPLC is crucial for separating, detecting, and quantifying pharmaceutical compounds, ensuring the accuracy and specificity of drug formulations. Its efficiency makes it the preferred choice in drug development.

Can DPP-4 inhibitors be combined with other medications?

Yes, DPP-4 inhibitors can be effectively used in combination with other medications like metformin to enhance glycemic control and maximize therapeutic benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes.

What are the chemical structures of linagliptin and saxagliptin?

Linagliptin's chemical formula is C25H28N8O2, and it is used for type 2 diabetes treatment. Saxagliptin, with the chemical formula C18H25N3O2, is also employed similarly in diabetic patients.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Analytical Methods for DPP-4 Inhibitors: HPLC Techniques Reviewed”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
Drugs, in plural, refers to multiple substances or compounds used for treating diseases. In the article, various DPP-4 inhibitors, such as linagliptin and saxagliptin, are discussed as treatments for type 2 diabetes, emphasizing the critical role of pharmaceutical drugs in public health.

2) Patil:
Jatin Sharad Patil is one of the authors of the paper. His affiliation with the Department of Quality Assurance at Poojya Sane Guruji Vidya Prasarak Mandal indicates his expertise in pharmaceutical sciences, contributing significantly to research and development in the field of diabetes management.

3) Science (Scientific):
Sciences encompass various disciplines, such as chemistry, biology, and pharmacology, that collectively advance our understanding of health and medicine. The interconnected nature of these sciences supports the development of effective treatments for diseases like type 2 diabetes, as noted in the article.

4) Water:
Waters refers to a brand commonly associated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment. Their technology is essential for conducting the analyses described in the article, which focus on separating and quantifying pharmaceutical compounds.

5) Table:
Tables in academic articles serve as essential tools for organizing and presenting data concisely. The article includes tables summarizing various HPLC methods for analyzing DPP-4 inhibitors, facilitating the reader's understanding of different analytical techniques and their applications.

6) Nandurbar:
Nandurbar is a district in Maharashtra, India, where the authors are affiliated. The geographical context is significant as it represents the local academic institution's contribution to research, potentially addressing health challenges in the region, such as diabetes.

7) Mandal:
The term 'Mandal' refers to an administrative division in certain Indian states. In this context, it indicates the organizational structure of Poojya Sane Guruji Vidya Prasarak Mandal, which plays a role in promoting educational and research initiatives in pharmaceuticals.

8) Pujya:
Poojya is an honorific term in Indian culture, often used to show respect to educational institutions or individuals. It reflects the value placed on the institution, Poojya Sane Guruji Vidya Prasarak Mandal, where the authors conduct their research.

9) Vidya:
Vidya means 'knowledge' in Sanskrit. The term is often associated with educational endeavors. Here, it underscores the importance of knowledge dissemination in pharmaceutical research and education, crucial for advancing treatment methods for diseases like diabetes.

10) Study (Studying):
A study is a systematic investigation aimed at discovering new information or insights. The article presents a detailed study of analytical methods for DPP-4 inhibitors, contributing valuable knowledge to the field of diabetes research and drug development.

11) Performance:
Performance, in the context of pharmaceuticals, refers to the efficacy and safety of a drug. The discussed analytical methods evaluate the performance of DPP-4 inhibitors in managing type 2 diabetes, showcasing their effectiveness in clinical applications.

12) Substance:
A substance is any material with distinct physical and chemical properties. In pharmacology, substances can include active pharmaceutical ingredients. The article focuses on substances like linagliptin and saxagliptin, highlighting their roles in diabetes treatment programs.

13) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of a product, indicating its effectiveness, safety, and consistency. The article addresses quality assurance in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly how analytical methods validate the quality of DPP-4 inhibitors for safe medical use.

14) Sharad (Sarad):
Sharad, appearing in the author's name Jatin Sharad Patil, signifies the author's identity. The name may carry cultural or personal significance, while the author’s contributions to the research further the understanding and development of diabetes treatments.

15) Family:
Family, in a scientific context, can refer to a group of related organisms or compounds. DPP-4 inhibitors belong to a family of drugs that share a similar mechanism of action in the treatment of diabetes, illustrating their pharmacological relationships.

16) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted, highlighting the regional health issues, such as diabetes. The local healthcare landscape and pharmaceutical research significantly contribute to addressing national health challenges, as indicated in the article.

17) Kumar:
Kumar is a common surname in India, appearing in the name Amitkumar R. Dhankani, one of the authors. This affiliation suggests that collaborative work among researchers at educational institutions contributes to advancements in the pharmaceutical sciences.

18) Patel:
Patel is a common surname in India, often associated with individuals in the business and professional sectors. Its appearance in the reference list suggests a collaborative effort in pharmaceutical research, enhancing the study's credibility and depth in findings.

19) Jati (Jatin):
Jatin is the first name of one of the authors, Jatin Sharad Patil. The inclusion of his name highlights his contributions to the research study, emphasizing the teamwork involved in the analysis and compilation of this comprehensive review.

20) Horn:
Horn could refer to a concept or term within pharmacology or a contributor's name noted in citations. Its context within the article signals the collaborative network and shared knowledge that informs the pharmaceutical research landscape.

21) Life:
Life refers to living organisms and the biological processes that sustain them. The study of drugs, particularly DPP-4 inhibitors, aims to improve the quality of life for individuals with type 2 diabetes by managing their condition effectively.

22) Discussion:
Discussion sections in academic articles are critical for interpreting results and providing insights. This part of the article critically analyzes the findings related to DPP-4 inhibitors, discussing their implications for clinical practice and future research directions.

23) Knowledge:
Knowledge pertains to the information gained through study and experience. The article's aim is to advance knowledge in pharmaceutical science, particularly regarding analytical methods used for measuring the effectiveness of diabetes medications.

24) Education:
Education is a vital aspect of capacity building in pharmacology and healthcare. The research supports educational initiatives at institutions like Poojya Sane Guruji Vidya Prasarak Mandal, fostering research skills among students and professionals in the pharmaceutical field.

25) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition affecting the body. The article specifically discusses type 2 diabetes, a prevalent chronic condition that necessitates effective management strategies, including the use of DPP-4 inhibitors.

26) Animal:
Animal studies are often conducted to investigate drug efficacy and safety before human trials. The mention in the article underscores the importance of preclinical research involving animal models to ensure proper drug development processes.

27) Powder:
Powder is a common form of pharmaceutical preparations. In the context of drug formulation, many APIs, including DPP-4 inhibitors, may be processed or formulated as powders, emphasizing the importance of analytical methods for their quality assurance.

28) Sugar:
Sugar, particularly glucose, is a primary focus in diabetes research. The article indirectly addresses glucose management in patients with type 2 diabetes through the use of DPP-4 inhibitors, which regulate blood sugar levels.

29) Blood:
Blood signifies a crucial physiological medium for glucose monitoring and diabetes management. The article discusses analytical methods to assess the efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors in samples such as human plasma, an essential component in diabetes care.

30) Alam (Alaṁ):
Alam appears in references, possibly in author names or cited works. This suggests a diverse collaborative effort in the research, emphasizing interconnectedness within the scientific community focused on diabetes treatment solutions.

31) Beta:
Beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. The regulation of these cells is a significant part of diabetes management, and the article discusses how DPP-4 inhibitors affect insulin production to aid glycemic control.

32) Venu:
Venu is likely a surname or part of a contributor's name noted in references, representing another participant in the research process. This highlights the collaborative nature of pharmaceutical studies aimed at improving diabetes treatment methodologies.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Analytical Methods for DPP-4 Inhibitors: HPLC Techniques Reviewed’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Analytical method, High performance liquid chromatography, Lipid profile, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diabetes, Molecular weight, Mobile phase, Pharmaceutical analysis, Acute phase, Chemical structure, HPLC Method, Pharmaceutical formulation, Chromatographic condition, Oral hypoglycemic drug, Analytical technique.

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