Prep and eval of microspheres with pectin and xanthan gum.

| Posted in: Health Sciences Science Journals

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Preparation and evaluation of preliminary microspheres using pectin and xanthan gum polymers
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

B. Binathi, Krishnaveni Manubolu and Dr. K. Harinadha Baba


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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Preparation and evaluation of preliminary microspheres using pectin and xanthan gum polymers

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202316-29689

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study focuses on the preparation and evaluation of blank microspheres using natural polymers, specifically pectin and xanthan gum, to achieve controlled drug release. Microspheres, small spherical particles, play a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry as they enable the sustained and uniform release of drugs. By utilizing the ionotropic gelation method, the researchers prepared microspheres to analyze their morphological and physicochemical properties. The findings are essential for developing effective drug delivery systems aimed at improving therapeutic outcomes.

Pectin and Xanthan Gum in Microsphere Formation

One critical aspect of this research is the use of natural polymers like pectin and xanthan gum in preparing microspheres. Pectin is a linear polysaccharide known for its biocompatibility and biodegradability, making it suitable for pharmaceutical applications. Xanthan gum, an anionic polysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas campestris, is recognized for its safety and effectiveness in various formulations. The study highlights how these polymers can form a carrier system for drugs that can release them in a controlled manner while minimizing potential side effects.

Evaluation of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties

The microspheres were subjected to various evaluation parameters, including morphology, percentage yield, flow properties, and swelling index. The optical characteristics showed that the microspheres were generally spherical and demonstrated good flow properties, essential for effective handling and processing. Specifically, the studies provided insight into the swelling behavior of the microspheres, indicating a pH-dependent response where water absorption was significantly higher in alkaline environments compared to acidic ones. This property is critical for controlled drug release applications.

Performance Metrics of Microspheres

The performance metrics of the prepared microspheres showed promising results. The percentage yield of sodium alginate-pectin microspheres ranged from 93% to 98%, while sodium alginate-xanthan gum formulations yielded between 92% and 96%. Additionally, particle size analysis indicated that the microspheres ranged from 926 to 1134 µm in size, contributing to their functional characteristics. The swelling index tests revealed that the microspheres could swell significantly more in phosphate buffer than in acidic conditions, which is a crucial factor for controlled drug delivery systems aiming to target specific sites within the body.

Conclusion

The research successfully demonstrated the preparation of blank microspheres using natural polymers, paving the way for potential applications in drug delivery. The initial findings on the morphological characteristics, physicochemical properties, and performance metrics indicated that these microspheres could be effective carriers for drugs, especially in controlled release formulations. Future studies will focus on drug loading, specifically with vildagliptin, to further investigate the effectiveness of these microspheres in therapeutic applications. This work underscores the promising applications of natural polymers in pharmaceutical technology for enhanced patient compliance and treatment outcomes.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the purpose of the study on microspheres?

The study aims to design and evaluate microspheres using natural polymers like pectin and xanthan gum for controlled drug delivery, exploring their morphological and physicochemical properties.

What method was used to prepare the microspheres?

The microspheres were prepared using an ionotropic gelation method, involving sodium alginate, pectin, and xanthan gum in varying ratios and crosslinked with calcium chloride.

What were the main evaluation parameters for the microspheres?

The microspheres were evaluated for morphology, percentage yield, flow properties, particle size, and swelling index to assess their suitability for drug delivery applications.

What variations were observed in the microsphere sizes?

The particle size of sodium alginate-pectin microspheres ranged from 1121 to 926 µm, while sodium alginate-xanthan gum microspheres ranged from 1134 to 966 µm.

How did the swelling index vary with pH levels?

The swelling index was significantly higher in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) compared to the acidic buffer (pH 1.2), indicating that microspheres swelled more in alkaline conditions.

What future research directions are suggested in the study?

Future research may involve formulating and evaluating drug-loaded microspheres using vildagliptin to enhance controlled release and improve therapeutic efficacy.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Prep and eval of microspheres with pectin and xanthan gum.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
'Drugs' reflects the primary subject of investigation in the research, focusing on the formulation to enhance drug delivery efficiency. Understanding how drug properties interact with carriers like microspheres is essential for developing effective therapeutics.

2) Swelling:
The term 'Swelling' pertains to the property exhibited by microspheres when immersed in different pH solutions, indicating how they absorb water. The study evaluates the swelling index to assess how the microspheres respond to acidic and alkaline environments, which impacts drug release rates and bioavailability.

3) Table:
'Table' refers to structured data presentations within the research paper, summarizing findings such as formulation details, yield percentages, and evaluation parameters. Tables facilitate quick reference for readers to understand experimental results, making complex data more accessible and enhancing the communication of scientific findings.

4) Narayana (Nara-ayana, Nara-yana):
'Narayana' signifies Narayana Pharmacy College, the institution where the research is conducted. It is relevant as it underpins the affiliation of the authors, reflecting the academic environment and resources available for conducting pharmacy-related research, thus contributing to the credibility of the study.

5) Water:
'Water' is an essential solvent used in the preparation of microspheres. Its role in dissolving pectin, xanthan gum, and other polymers is crucial. The study emphasizes water's importance in formulating drug carriers, as it affects the consistency, stability, and ultimately the performance of the microspheres.

6) Andhra (Amdhra):
'Andhra' refers to Andhra Pradesh, a state in India, indicating the geographic and cultural context of the study. Its mention emphasizes the local environment where the research was performed, which can influence the regional application of the findings in pharmaceutical sciences.

7) India:
'India' represents the country where the research takes place. As a developing nation with a growing pharmaceutical industry, the study's findings can have implications for local and global healthcare, particularly in developing efficient drug delivery systems that cater to the needs of patients in India.

8) Krishnaveni (Krsnaveni, Krishna-veni):
'Krishnaveni' refers to Dr. K. Krishnaveni, an author and academic guide of the study. Her academic affiliation and mentorship imply significant contributions to the research project, thus enhancing its legitimacy within the scientific community and providing insights from an experienced perspective.

9) Science (Scientific):
'Sciences' relates to the multidisciplinary nature of the research, encompassing pharmaceutical, chemical, and biological sciences. This broad classification highlights the integration of various scientific domains in the formulation and evaluation of drug delivery systems.

10) Medium:
'Medium' typically signifies the solution in which the microspheres are evaluated for swelling and drug release. In this study, both acidic and alkaline media are tested, depicting how pH changes influence the physical properties and performance of the microspheres as drug delivery systems.

11) Blood:
'Blood' is relevant to the discussion of drug delivery systems as maintaining consistent drug concentrations in the bloodstream is a primary goal. The development of microspheres focuses on controlled release mechanisms to optimize pharmacokinetics and enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects.

12) Study (Studying):
'Study' denotes the research investigation undertaken to understand the formulation and characterization of microspheres. It involves systematic experimentation and analysis to derive insights, contributing to the field of pharmaceutical sciences focusing on drug delivery technologies.

13) Food:
'Food' relates to the context in which polysaccharides like pectin and xanthan gum are used beyond pharmaceuticals. Their use in food products underlines their safety and biocompatibility, promoting interest in the dual-use potential of these polymers in food and drug formulations.

14) Relative:
'Relative' might signify comparative analysis within the research, evaluating various formulations against one another. This approach is essential for determining the effectiveness and appropriateness of different microsphere compositions for achieving controlled drug delivery.

15) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
'Accumulation' refers to the gathering of drug levels in the body, which is significant in controlled release studies. The goal is to minimize drug accumulation to avoid toxicity while ensuring therapeutic levels are maintained, thus underscoring the importance of controlled drug delivery systems.

16) Discussion:
'Discussion' encompasses the analysis and interpretation of results in the research paper. It allows researchers to present findings, assess methodologies, and contextualize the results within the existing scientific literature, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in pharmaceutical technology.

17) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' is a critical consideration in drug development, focusing on ensuring that the microspheres and their components do not cause harm to patients. The study highlights the significance of using biocompatible and non-toxic natural polymers in formulating drug delivery systems.

18) Akanksha (Akanksa, Akamksa, Akamksha, A-kamksha):
'Akanksha' refers to one of the authors of the study, indicating her contribution to the research. Her involvement adds diversity to the research team and signifies collaboration among researchers, which is integral for a comprehensive exploration of scientific topics.

19) Surface:
'Surface' pertains to the outer characteristics of the microspheres, which can impact how they interact with their environment, including drug release rates and bioadhesion properties. The surface attributes are pivotal in assessing their potential as effective drug carriers.

20) Vaidya:
'Vaidya' is another author in the study, contributing to the collaborative authorship. The inclusion of various researchers reflects the interdisciplinary approach required in pharmaceutical research, enhancing the credibility and depth of the findings presented in the manuscript.

21) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
'Sharma' signifies another contributor to the study, indicating the collaborative nature of the research efforts. The involvement of multiple authors enhances the research's validity and promotes a more extensive exploration of the topic within the pharmaceutical sciences.

22) Indian:
'Indian' denotes the cultural and regional context of the research. The use of local resources and indigenous knowledge can inform the development of pharmaceutical technologies that cater specifically to the healthcare needs of the Indian population.

23) Gupta:
'Gupta' refers to another author associated with the study. The presence of a diverse research team underscores the importance of collaboration, combining varied expertise to innovate and enhance the approaches used in drug delivery systems.

24) Kumar:
'Kumar' likely refers to an author or researcher involved in the study, showcasing the collaborative efforts needed to produce comprehensive scientific work. The significance of having a diverse team lies in the richness of perspectives applied to research challenges.

25) Pooja:
'Pooja' indicates yet another author in the research, representing collaborative effort in academic work. Her involvement signifies collective input that is vital for in-depth investigation and thorough examination of the study's aims and methodologies.

26) Pani (Panin):
'Pani' identifies an author contributing to the research, emphasizing the collaborative aspect of scientific inquiry. Each author's unique expertise plays a vital role in advancing knowledge and fostering innovation in the study of drug delivery systems.

27) Heap:
'Heap' may refer to the visual measurement involved in calculating the angle of repose for flow properties of the microspheres. This term signifies practical methodologies utilized in the research to assess the physical characteristics of the microspheres.

28) Life:
'Life' in this context may allude to the therapeutic implications of the research. The development of effective drug delivery systems is fundamentally aimed at improving patient outcomes and quality of life through enhanced medication management.

29) Rat:
'Rats' suggests the possible later stages of research involving animal models for testing the developed microspheres with drug payloads. Animal studies are crucial for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new drug delivery systems prior to human trials.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Prep and eval of microspheres with pectin and xanthan gum.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Statistical analysis, Drug delivery system, Biocompatibility, Controlled release, Particle size analysis, Hausner's ratio, Carr's Index, Percentage yield, Xanthan gum, Swelling Index, Angle of repose, Flow properties, Morphological characteristic, Bulk density, Sodium alginate, Ionotropic gelation method, Natural polymer, Vildagliptin, Evaluation parameter, PH-dependent swelling, Blank microspheres.

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