“evolving treatment approaches in bhagandara w.s.r fistula in ano”

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: “evolving treatment approaches in bhagandara w.s.r fistula in ano”
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Biney Kumar Pandey and Dr. Elizabeth P. John


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: “evolving treatment approaches in bhagandara w.s.r fistula in ano”

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202317-29846

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article delves into the condition known as Bhagandara, or Fistula in Ano, outlining its historical context, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and advances in treatment. Recognized in ancient texts like the Sushruta Samhita, Bhagandara refers to an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the surrounding skin. The condition can arise from various causes, including infections, traumas, and inflammatory diseases like Crohn's disease, leading to significant discomfort and complications for affected individuals.

Advancements in Diagnostic Techniques

Recent advancements in diagnostic methods have greatly enhanced the understanding and treatment of Bhagandara. High-resolution imaging techniques, such as MRI and endorectal ultrasound, facilitate precise diagnosis and treatment planning. These modern tools allow healthcare providers to gain better insights into the nature and extent of the fistula, transitioning from traditional examination methods to more sophisticated approaches. Consequently, these advancements result in more targeted and effective treatment options.

Innovative Treatment Approaches: IFTAK Technique

Among the notable innovations in treating Bhagandara is the IFTAK (Interception of Fistulous Tract and application of Ksharsutra) technique. This advanced method aims to manage trans-sphincteric fistula in ano while minimizing treatment duration and post-procedural pain. By applying Ksharsutra, a medicated thread, this treatment enhances recovery outcomes and reduces scarring. The IFTAK technique represents a significant step forward in providing effective and less invasive options for patients suffering from this challenging condition.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

Minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT) and Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT), have also been developed to enhance patient comfort and expedite recovery. These procedures are designed to minimize tissue trauma and preserve anal sphincter functionality, resulting in less postoperative pain and faster postoperative healing. By focusing on patient-centered approaches, these innovations in treatment for Fistula in Ano represent a shift towards prioritizing both efficacy and the quality of life for patients.

Conclusion

Bhagandara, or Fistula in Ano, has evolved significantly in terms of its understanding and management, combining ancient wisdom with modern medical advancements. The integration of innovative diagnostic techniques, the introduction of advanced treatment methods such as IFTAK, and the implementation of minimally invasive surgical procedures underscore the progress made in this field. As research continues and technologies develop, the future management of Fistula in Ano aims to become even more personalized and effective, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Bhagandara and how is it related to Fistula in Ano?

Bhagandara, or Fistula in Ano, is an abnormal connection between the anal canal and skin. It manifests as pain, swelling, and pus drainage, affecting patients' quality of life.

What are the common causes of Fistula in Ano?

Fistulas generally develop from anal abscesses, infections, inflammatory conditions like Crohn's disease, or surgical trauma in the anal area.

What advancements are there in treating Bhagandara?

Recent innovations include minimally invasive techniques, biologic therapies, and stem cell treatments, improving patient outcomes and reducing recovery times.

How can Fistula in Ano be diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical examination, imaging studies like MRI, and sometimes endorectal ultrasound to assess the extent of the condition.

What are the main symptoms of Fistula in Ano?

Symptoms include persistent anal pain, swelling, redness, and pus drainage from an opening near the anus, sometimes accompanied by fever.

What is Ksharsutra therapy in managing Bhagandara?

Ksharsutra therapy involves using a specially prepared medicated thread to treat the fistula, promoting healing while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for ““evolving treatment approaches in bhagandara w.s.r fistula in ano””. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Bhagandara (Bhagamdara):
Bhagandara is a term used in Ayurveda referring to a condition akin to anal fistula, characterized by the formation of an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the skin surrounding the anus. This ancient term highlights the historical understanding and treatment of ano-rectal diseases in Ayurveda.

2) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a city in India renowned for its cultural heritage and historical significance. It is a center for education in Ayurvedic medicine, where practices and innovations in treatments, such as Ksharsutra therapy for Bhagandara, are researched and developed, contributing to advancements in traditional medicine.

3) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom associated with Bhagandara, manifesting in affected individuals due to the inflammation and irritation stemming from the fistulous tract. Understanding the nature and intensity of pain is crucial for diagnosing and determining effective treatment plans for patients suffering from this condition.

4) Disease:
Diseases refer to health disorders affecting the body, including Bhagandara or Fistula in Ano. Recognizing the diverse range of diseases and their underlying causes is essential for effective diagnosis and management in both Ayurvedic and conventional medicine.

5) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha in Ayurveda refers to the fundamental bodily humors, namely Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, that govern physiological functions. An imbalance among these doshas can lead to diseases, including Bhagandara, and understanding their roles is essential for diagnosing and formulating treatment plans tailored to individual patients.

6) Samhita:
Samhita represents a collection of ancient texts, particularly in Ayurveda, that compile knowledge about health, diseases, and treatments. The Sushruta Samhita is one of the foundational texts discussing surgical techniques and management of conditions like Bhagandara, serving as a critical resource for practitioners.

7) Shri (Sr, Sri):
Shri is a respectful title in Indian culture often used to denote someone of importance or reverence. In the context of Ayurvedic texts and practitioners, it symbolizes respect for traditional knowledge and the authority of Ayurvedic physicians in diagnosing and treating maladies like Bhagandara.

8) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient Indian language and the classical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Many Ayurvedic texts, including the Sushruta Samhita and writings of Vagbhata, are composed in Sanskrit, preserving the rich heritage and detailed methodologies of traditional Indian medicine.

9) Tantra (Tantrism, Tamtra):
Tantra in Ayurveda refers to the techniques and practices that encompass surgical procedures and therapeutic interventions. It highlights the intricate system of treatment employed by ancient physicians and the continued relevance of these traditional practices in modern Ayurvedic medicine.

10) Guda:
Guda is the Sanskrit term used to refer to the anal region. In the context of Bhagandara, understanding the anatomy and physiology of the Guda is vital for diagnosing and treating anal conditions and recognizing how pathology can affect this specific area.

11) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta-samhita is a seminal text in Ayurveda authored by Sushruta, known as the father of surgery. This text details surgical techniques and treatment protocols for various ailments, including anal fistulas (Bhagandara), providing a foundation for both traditional and modern surgical practices.

12) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is an esteemed Ayurvedic physician and author of important texts in the field. His contributions to understanding diseases like Bhagandara and their Ayurvedic management concepts have influenced the approach to treatment and diagnosis in contemporary Ayurvedic practices.

13) Swelling:
Swelling is a common symptom associated with Bhagandara or anal fistula, resulting from inflammation in the affected area. It is an important clinical sign that helps healthcare providers assess the severity of the condition and the response to treatment methods.

14) Ambika:
Ambika refers to the woman who is often invoked in Ayurvedic texts, representing knowledge and healing. Additionally, Dr. Ambika Dutta Shastri is known for editing Sushruta Samhita, emphasizing the importance of scholarly contributions to the field of traditional medicine.

15) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi is one of the predominant languages spoken in India. It plays a crucial role in translating and disseminating Ayurvedic knowledge from ancient Sanskrit texts into modern context, making traditional medicine more accessible to the general population and practitioners.

16) Atridevagupta (Atrideva-gupta):
Atrideva Gupta is recognized as an influential figure in Ayurveda, particularly for his commentaries on classical texts. His contributions help bridge ancient Ayurvedic knowledge with contemporary practices, further enhancing the understanding and treatment of conditions like Bhagandara.

17) Hridya (Hrdya):
Hridya means 'heart' in Sanskrit, symbolically emphasizing the importance of emotional and spiritual well-being in Ayurvedic philosophy. Treatments for conditions like Bhagandara not only focus on physical symptoms but also consider the holistic health of individuals.

18) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya refers to the surgical branch of Ayurveda concerned with physical ailments and their therapies, including surgical interventions. This field plays a significant role in managing conditions such as Bhagandara where surgical methods are often necessary for effective treatment.

19) Laghu:
Laghu means 'light' or 'less heavy' in Sanskrit. In the context of Laghu Vagbhata, it refers to a specific Ayurvedic text that provides insights into lesser-known medical practices, emphasizing a practical approach to treating various diseases, including Fistula in Ano.

20) Gupta:
Gupta signifies 'protected' or 'hidden' in Sanskrit, often associated with confidentiality or secret knowledge. In the context of Ayurveda, it might refer to the ancient wisdom that is to be preserved and practiced by adept practitioners in the healthcare domain.

21) Bhaga:
Bhaga is a term referring to 'parts' or 'divisions' of the body in Ayurveda. Its significance extends to understanding various bodily functions, particularly in the context of Bhagandara, where the anatomy of the perineal region is of utmost importance for diagnosis and treatment planning.

22) Roga:
Roga translates to 'disease' or 'disorder' in Sanskrit, encapsulating ailment and suffering. Understanding roga is fundamental in Ayurveda's diagnostic process, leading to effective treatment protocols for patients suffering from conditions such as Bhagandara or anal fistula.

23) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra represents the surgical branch of Ayurveda that focuses on surgical methodologies and treatment of ailments. It includes innovative techniques for conditions like Bhagandara, emphasizing a comprehensive approach to managing surgical cases while minimizing complications for patients.

24) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning refers to a type of pain experienced by individuals with Bhagandara, often linked to inflammation or infection in the anal region. Understanding this symptom aids in assessing the severity of the condition and guides healthcare providers in tailoring suitable treatment strategies.

25) Itching:
Itching is another common symptom experienced by individuals with Bhagandara or Fistula in Ano. The presence of itching can indicate irritation or inflammation, which is an essential aspect of the clinical assessment for appropriate therapeutic intervention.

26) Pidaka:
Pidaka refers to a boil or localized swelling resulting from infection or inflammation, often preceding conditions like Bhagandara. Understanding the progression from pidaka to fistula in ano is crucial for effective diagnosis and intervention in Ayurvedic practice.

27) Kumar:
Kumar is a common Indian name, often denoting 'young boy' or 'prince.' In this context, it may refer to Dr. Biney Kumar Pandey, an author of research pertaining to Bhagandara, emphasizing the contributions by younger professionals in advancing Ayurvedic science.

28) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is a specific type of discomfort commonly associated with anal conditions such as Bhagandara. It serves as a critical symptom in assessing the severity of the condition and planning appropriate therapeutic measures.

29) Cikitsasthana (Cikitsa-sthana):
Cikitsasthana translates to the section dedicated to treatment in Ayurvedic texts. It includes detailed descriptions of diseases, diagnostics, and treatment methodologies, making it a vital reference point for practitioners focusing on conditions like Bhagandara.

30) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, the ancient holistic healing system, focuses on balancing and harmonizing the body's energies for optimal health. It employs various diagnostic and therapeutic methods in treating diseases like Bhagandara, integrating lifestyle, nutrition, and medicinal herbs for comprehensive care.

31) Vimala:
Vimala can refer to purity and cleanliness in the context of health. The term underscores the importance of hygiene and cleanliness in Ayurvedic practices, especially concerning anal and perianal diseases like Bhagandara.

32) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causes or diagnostics associated with diseases in Ayurveda, providing insights into the preventive measures and underlying factors contributing to conditions like Bhagandara. It plays a critical role in formulating effective treatment plans.

33) Pidika:
Pidika denotes an abscess or boil in Ayurveda, often representing an initial stage that can lead to more severe conditions such as Bhagandara. Its identification allows healthcare providers to monitor progression and select appropriate treatment approaches.

34) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda representing fire and transformation. A Pitta imbalance can lead to inflammatory conditions, including symptoms found in Bhagandara, emphasizing the need for doshic assessments in treatment planning.

35) Kapha:
Kapha is the dosha associated with earth and water, representing structure and stability in Ayurveda. An imbalance in Kapha can result in stagnation in bodily systems, contributing to the conditions seen in diseases like Bhagandara.

36) Sutra:
Sutra refers to a thread or rule, representing instructions or guiding principles in Ayurvedic practices. In the context of Bhagandara, sutras provide specific insights into treatment methods and protocols applicable to managing anal fistulas.

37) Fever:
Fever is a common systemic response to infection, often present in individuals with Bhagandara due to underlying conditions. It serves as an important clinical indicator for identifying the severity of the disease and guiding treatment decisions.

38) Veda:
Veda refers to the ancient scriptures of knowledge in Hinduism, encompassing various disciplines, including Ayurvedic medicine. Understanding Vedic principles is crucial for practitioners in Ayurveda to integrate philosophy with practice for holistic treatment.

39) Rupa:
Rupa translates to 'form' or 'appearance' and is significant in Ayurveda for understanding the clinical presentation of diseases. Evaluating the rupa of conditions like Bhagandara helps practitioners devise effective treatment strategies based on observable symptoms.

40) Vata:
Vata is the dosha associated with air and movement, crucial for the dynamic functions of the body. A Vata imbalance is often implicated in various pathologies, including those affecting the anal region, requiring careful assessment in the context of Bhagandara.

41) Post:
The post refers to the aftermath of treatments or surgical interventions. Post-operative care is essential in managing complications and ensuring the successful recovery of patients who have undergone procedures for Bhagandara.

42) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation in Ayurvedic terms relates to the buildup of doshas or substances in the body, often leading to disease. Managing accumulation is vital for preventing conditions such as Bhagandara, underscoring the importance of lifestyle and dietary choices.

43) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response often exhibited in diseases like Bhagandara. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of inflammation helps guide treatment approaches, as it indicates the body's response to injury or infection within the anal region.

44) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha Doshas refer to the specific aspects of the Kapha constitution in Ayurvedic medicine. Understanding the role of Kapha doshas is crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions like Bhagandara, as imbalances may contribute to symptoms like swelling and stagnation.

45) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the tissues and anatomical structures around an affected area. In the case of Bhagandara, understanding the surrounding anatomy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, ensuring that the entire region is addressed during management.

46) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the discourse and analysis surrounding the diagnosis, management, and treatment of conditions like Bhagandara. Engaging in discussions allows practitioners to share experiences, evaluate results, and enhance the understanding of Ayurvedic practices and innovations.

47) Parisheka (Pariseka):
Parisheka is a therapeutic technique in Ayurveda involving the pouring or sprinkling of medicinal fluids on a body part, often used to alleviate symptoms like pain or inflammation. In conditions like Bhagandara, Parisheka may aid in soothing affected areas.

48) Agnikarma (Agni-karma):
Agnikarma is a para-surgical procedure in Ayurveda using cauterization to treat various conditions. This technique is often employed for managing anal fistulas like Bhagandara to reduce pain and promote healing by controlling inflammation.

49) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the various methods and practices employed to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. In the context of Bhagandara, both Ayurvedic and modern medical approaches are applied to provide effective management of this condition.

50) Incision:
Incision refers to a surgical cut made to access tissues or organs, critical in surgical management of conditions like Bhagandara. Understanding the correct technique for making incisions is vital for ensuring successful surgical outcomes.

51) Guggulu:
Guggulu is an important herbal formulation in Ayurveda known for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. It is often utilized in treatments for diseases like Bhagandara, aiding in the reduction of swelling and promoting wound healing.

52) Filling (Filled):
Filling refers to therapies that involve the introduction of materials into a fistulous tract to promote healing. Filling techniques may include the use of biomaterials that facilitate closure of the fistula, presenting a promising approach for conditions like Bhagandara.

53) Sevana:
Sevana translates to 'service' or 'care' in the context of Ayurveda. It emphasizes the importance of providing comprehensive care and support for patients suffering from diseases like Bhagandara, ensuring holistic treatment and recovery approaches.

54) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
In the Ayurvedic context, Sharma may refer to Dr. Sharma, a contributor to the medical literature on Ayurveda. Contributions from practitioners with this surname highlight the ongoing exploration and evolution of Ayurvedic practices in managing conditions like Bhagandara.

55) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi translates to 'bone' in Sanskrit. In Ayurveda, the health of Asthi is important as imbalances may contribute to the overall constitution and predisposition to certain diseases, including localized issues like Bhagandara impacting the pelvic region.

56) Vrana:
Vrana means 'wound' or 'ulcer' in Ayurveda, playing a critical role in understanding the pathology of conditions like Bhagandara. Proper management of vrana is essential for preventing complications and promoting effective healing.

57) Sahu:
Sahu may refer to Dr. M. Sahu, a modern Ayurvedic practitioner noted for innovations in treatments such as Ksharsutra therapy. His work reflects the intersection of traditional practices with contemporary surgical techniques, emphasizing Ayurvedic evolutions in modern medicine.

58) Rich (Rch):
Rich denotes having abundance or a wealth of resources. In the context of Ayurvedic knowledge, it implies a comprehensive understanding of various treatment methods and the wealth of traditional practices available for managing conditions like Bhagandara.

59) Nature:
Nature refers to the intrinsic characteristics or qualities of health and disease. In Ayurveda, recognizing the nature of conditions like Bhagandara is crucial for developing appropriate treatment approaches that align with the individual's constitution.

60) Sthanasamshraya (Sthanasamsraya, Sthana-samshraya):
Sthanasamshraya is an Ayurvedic term denoting the localization of doshas in specific tissues or sites in the body due to various factors. Understanding sthanasamshraya is vital for recognizing the development of conditions like Bhagandara and formulating effective treatment plans.

61) Raktamokshana (Rakta-mokshana, Raktamoksana):
Raktamokshana, or bloodletting, is an Ayurvedic therapeutic technique aimed at removing excess or impure blood from the body. This procedure can be beneficial in alleviating symptoms related to conditions such as Bhagandara by reducing inflammation and promoting healing.

62) Vranacikitsa:
Vrana-cikitsa refers to the specialized branch of Ayurveda focusing on wound management. It encompasses the principles and techniques necessary for treating wounds and ulcers associated with conditions like Bhagandara and ensuring effective healing.

63) Cauterisation (Cauterization):
Cauterization is a thermal or chemical treatment used to destroy abnormal tissue or seal wounds. In the management of Bhagandara, cauterization techniques may alleviate severe complications and promote healing by addressing underlying infections and pain.

64) Ksharasutra (Ksarasutra, Kshara-sutra):
Ksharasutra is a traditional Ayurvedic treatment method involving the use of a medicated thread (sutra) for managing anal fistulas. This technique effectively promotes healing by maintaining a draining channel for secretions while facilitating tissue repair in conditions like Bhagandara.

65) Pittadosha (Pittadosa, Pitta-dosha):
Pitta-dosha represents the metabolic and transformative principles in Ayurveda, and its imbalance can lead to inflammatory conditions. Understanding Pitta-dosha is crucial for diagnosing and managing symptoms associated with Bhagandara, as it directly influences treatment strategies.

66) Katikapala (Kati-kapala):
Kati-kapala translates to the lower back region in Ayurveda. Understanding Kati-kapala's anatomy and physiology is essential for recognizing how conditions like Bhagandara can influence overall health and how emphasized management can relieve discomfort in this area.

67) Pratishthana (Pratisthana, Pratishthan):
Pratishthan refers to establishment or foundation. In the context of Ayurvedic practice, it signifies the establishment of principles and methodologies that guide practitioners in treating illnesses such as Bhagandara, ensuring that foundational Ayurvedic wisdom is integrated into modern care.

68) Apatarpana:
Apatarpana refers to the therapeutic process aimed at reducing excess tissue or balancing dosha predominance. This approach may be particularly relevant in managing conditions like Bhagandara, allowing practitioners to tailor treatment plans to patients' unique needs.

69) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
Purva-rupa indicates the earlier form or condition of a disease. Understanding purva-rupa in Ayurveda is important for identifying risk factors and predisposing conditions related to Bhagandara, leading to targeted preventive and treatment strategies.

70) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vata-dosha encompasses the elemental qualities of air and space in Ayurveda, influencing movement and dynamics in the body. Balancing Vata-dosha is vital in the context of managing anal conditions like Bhagandara, as imbalances may exacerbate symptoms.

71) Developing:
Developing refers to the continuous advancement or improvement in medical sciences. In Ayurveda, developing new techniques and treatments, particularly for conditions like Bhagandara, demonstrates the integration of traditional practices with modern innovations to enhance patient care.

72) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathogenesis or progression of a disease in Ayurveda. Understanding the samprapti of Bhagandara is critical for recognizing the stages of the disease and formulating appropriate interventions for effective management.

73) Vimlapana:
Vimlapana refers to the cleansing or purifying process in Ayurvedic practices. This is particularly important in managing conditions like Bhagandara, where ensuring cleanliness and proper sanitation is essential to prevent further complications and support recovery.

74) Kriyakala:
Kriyakala involves the phases of disease progression in Ayurveda, helping practitioners comprehensively understand the development of conditions like Bhagandara. Recognizing these phases aids in tailoring treatment plans and timely interventions to improve patient outcomes.

75) Knowledge:
Knowledge in Ayurveda encompasses the extensive understanding of traditional principles, practices, and therapeutic methods. It is essential for successfully diagnosing and treating conditions like Bhagandara, as a strong knowledge base facilitates patient-centered care and effective health outcomes.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 144]

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Bhagandara, Fistula in ano, Anal fistula, Nidana Parivarjana, Ksharasutra therapy, Non-surgical procedure, Stem cell therapy, Anal abscess, Ksharsutra therapy, Minimally invasive procedure, Crohn's disease, Photodynamic therapy (PDT), Biologic therapies, Personalized treatment plan, Perianal fistula, Endorectal ultrasound.

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