Observational study on pcos patients in and around haridwar
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Observational study on pcos patients in and around haridwar
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Shivangi Singh, G. M. Kavya, Alok Kumar Srivastava and Krishna Kumar Sharma
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Observational study on pcos patients in and around haridwar
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202317-29715
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age, characterized by symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, and obesity. The syndrome was first described in 1935 and has been linked to hormonal imbalances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Ayurveda correlates PCOS with the concept of Artava Kshaya, emphasizing similar symptoms like menstrual disturbances. An observational study was conducted featuring 50 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the revised Rotterdam 2003 criteria, analyzing demographic data, symptoms, menstrual patterns, diagnostic tests, and treatments.
Menstrual Irregularity and Symptoms
One of the pivotal aspects of PCOS is menstrual irregularity, presenting as the primary complaint among patients. In the observed population, a notable 90% reported experiencing some form of menstrual irregularity, with 80% having irregular cycles. The majority (90%) also exhibited symptoms of oligomenorrhea, while 10% were diagnosed with amenorrhea. Other symptoms included hirsutism in 66% of patients and obesity in 48%. These findings highlight how menstrual dysfunction is a defining feature of PCOS and may indicate the underlying hormonal imbalances that warrant medical intervention.
Demographics and Lifestyle Factors
The study revealed that the majority of participants were young, with 58% of women aged between 16-25 years and most categorized as unmarried (72%). Additionally, most participants (70%) resided in urban areas, reflecting lifestyle factors that could contribute to the onset of PCOS, such as sedentary behavior and stress associated with urban living. Occupationally, a significant number were students (60%), underscoring the stress experienced in academic settings, which is a notable risk factor for developing hormonal imbalances leading to PCOS.
Diet and Its Influence on PCOS
The dietary habits of patients also played a crucial role, with 60% consuming a mixed diet and 74% reporting irregular eating patterns, classified as Vishamashana in Ayurveda. Poor dietary habits are considered a significant environmental cause of PCOS, potentially leading to obesity and metabolic complications. The prevalence of patients with a body mass index (BMI) between 25-29.9 highlights the association between dietary choices and obesity in the context of PCOS. It emphasizes the need for dietary interventions as part of comprehensive care for managing the syndrome.
Conclusion
The study illustrates the multifaceted nature of PCOS, showcasing hormonal, lifestyle, and dietary influences on its prevalence and manifestation among women. Given that a significant portion of the population expressed stress and irregular eating habits, there is a call for increased awareness and management approaches, particularly integrating Ayurvedic principles focusing on diet and stress management. Future efforts should aim to enhance public understanding of PCOS and promote holistic therapies alongside modern medical interventions, recognizing the interplay of physical and psychological factors in effectively managing this complex syndrome.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and its main features?
PCOS is a hormonal disorder prevalent among women, characterized by irregular menstruation, excess androgen levels, multiple small ovarian cysts, and symptoms like hirsutism and obesity.
How prevalent is PCOS among women in India?
In India, the prevalence of PCOS is reported to be between 50-60% in urban adult females of reproductive age, with significant occurrences also among adolescents and premenopausal women.
What criteria were used for diagnosing PCOS in this study?
The study used the revised Rotterdam 2003 criteria, requiring the presence of at least two out of three components: oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, or polycystic ovaries visible on ultrasound.
What demographic was most affected by PCOS in the study?
The study observed that 58% of affected patients were aged between 16-25 years, predominantly unmarried women, indicating the relevance of reproductive health awareness in this age group.
What lifestyle factors were noted to commonly accompany PCOS?
The study highlighted irregular dietary patterns, high stress levels, lack of exercise, and urban living conditions as prevalent lifestyle factors among the majority of PCOS patients.
What is the significance of conducting observational studies on PCOS?
Observational studies provide real-world evidence regarding the frequency, impact, and characteristics of PCOS, which is crucial for enhancing understanding and management of the condition.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Observational study on pcos patients in and around haridwar”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The study is a prospective, observational analysis aimed at exploring the characteristics of PCOS patients. It involves a meticulous examination of demographics, symptoms, and treatments. By analyzing data, the study aims to provide insights into patient profiles and the effectiveness of interventions in managing PCOS.
2) Diet:
Diet plays a crucial role in managing PCOS and impacts hormonal balance. The study highlighted that many participants consumed a mixed diet, with poor dietary habits leading to imbalances manifesting as symptoms of PCOS. Proper nutrition and dietary modifications are emphasized in Ayurvedic approaches to treatment and management of PCOS.
3) Artava:
In Ayurvedic terms, 'Artava' refers to menstrual blood or the menstrual cycle, which is directly affected in women with PCOS. The study correlates PCOS with 'Artava Kshaya,' meaning a deficiency or disorder associated with menstrual irregularities, which is a predominant symptom in the patients studied.
4) Koshtha (Kostha):
The term 'Koshtha' relates to digestive habits and bowel patterns in Ayurveda, indicative of an individual's prakriti or constitution. In the context of PCOS, the study observed various koshtha types among participants, helping to understand how dietary habits related to koshtha can influence hormonal balance and menstrual health.
5) Prakriti (Prakrti):
'Prakriti' refers to an individual's inherent constitution in Ayurvedic medicine. Identifying a person’s prakriti assists in personalized treatment approaches for conditions like PCOS. The study's findings indicated that understanding prakriti can guide tailored dietary and lifestyle modifications to better manage PCOS symptoms.
6) Disease:
Diseases encompass various health conditions, including PCOS, that require attention in medical practice. The study focuses specifically on women's health issues as a subset of the broader category of diseases, emphasizing the importance of targeted research in understanding and managing these conditions.
7) Family:
Family history may play a role in the predisposition to PCOS, although the study indicated that 90% of patients reported no family history of the condition. This suggests that environmental factors and lifestyle may be more significant in the development of PCOS than genetic inheritance.
8) Kapha:
'Kapha' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with structure and lubrication. An imbalance in Kapha is linked to obesity and retention of fluids, common among women with PCOS. The study referenced Kapha's role in the disorder, emphasizing the need for dietary adjustments to restore balance.
9) Vishamashana (Visamasana, Vishamasana):
In Ayurvedic terminology, 'Vishamashana' refers to irregular eating habits that may contribute to imbalances in the body. The study found a significant correlation between Vishamashana and the occurrence of PCOS, suggesting that dietary irregularities adversely affect hormonal health and contribute to symptoms observed in women.
10) Madhyama:
In Ayurveda, 'Madhyama' translates to 'medium' and can refer to the balanced nature of digestion or bodily functions. The study categorized certain patients as 'Madhyama Koshtha,' indicating balanced digestive habits, which could relate to a better management perspective for PCOS among individuals with this classification.
11) Kshaya (Ksaya):
'Kshaya' denotes deficiency or decrease in Ayurvedic context. The study links Kshaya to 'Artava Kshaya,' addressing the deficiency in menstrual function in PCOS patients. Highlighting kshaya emphasizes the importance of addressing deficiencies through lifestyle and dietary modifications as part of treatment strategies.
12) Campu:
'Campu' is not specifically defined in the text but could relate to a term used concerning certain practices in Ayurveda or medicinal formulations. Further clarity might be required from the context of the original study or Ayurveda literature to provide a more precise definition.
13) Observation:
Observations collected during the study provided essential data reflecting the experiences of PCOS patients. These firsthand accounts shed light on the complexities of managing the syndrome and highlight the need for tailored healthcare interventions to support affected women.
14) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional Indian system of medicine that employs holistic approaches to health. The study applies Ayurvedic principles to understand PCOS, correlating its symptoms with Ayurvedic concepts like 'Artava Kshaya' and lifestyle factors, thus promoting tailored treatments founded on Ayurvedic wisdom.
15) Muhurta:
'Muhurta' refers to an auspicious time for activities in Vedic astrology. In the study, Brahma Muhurta is highlighted as the best time for awakening that positively influences health and hormonal balance. Proper adherence to daily routines based on Muhurta is emphasized to mitigate health issues like PCOS.
16) Vedana:
'Vedana' refers to pain or discomfort. In the context of the study, it is associated with menstrual pain experienced by patients with PCOS. A significant portion of participants reported painful menstruation ('Yoni Vedana'), highlighting the need for effective pain management strategies within the treatment framework.
17) Srotas (Shrotas):
'Srotas' signifies channels or systems within the body as per Ayurvedic physiology. The irregularities in srotas relating to menstrual health are indicative of underlying doshic imbalances. The study implies the importance of maintaining the health of srotas to manage conditions like PCOS effectively.
18) Reason:
The reason behind PCOS development is multifaceted, involving genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. The study explores various contributors, such as lifestyle choices, dietary habits, and socio-economic status, that lead to hormonal imbalances causing PCOS among the participants.
19) India:
In the context of the study, India serves as the geographical focus for researching PCOS among women in Haridwar. India experiences rising PCOS prevalence rates, necessitating healthcare strategies and public awareness to address this growing health concern among Indian women.
20) Yoni (Yonin):
'Yoni' refers to the female reproductive tract in Ayurvedic terminology. In the study, symptoms associated with the yoni, such as menstrual irregularities, are key indicators of PCOS. Understanding yoni health is crucial in managing reproductive disorders and improving overall female health.
21) Vata:
'Vata' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with movement and metabolism. An imbalance in Vata is linked to irregularities in menstrual cycles seen in PCOS. The study addresses Vata's role in the pathophysiology of PCOS, emphasizing a need for Vata-pacifying interventions.
22) Pain:
Pain, particularly menstrual pain or discomfort ('Yoni Vedana'), is a common symptom reported by participants in the study. Understanding the levels and causes of pain in PCOS helps guide management approaches aimed at alleviating suffering and improving quality of life for affected individuals.
23) Pur:
In the study, 'Poor' could relate to suboptimal habits, such as poor diet and lifestyle choices contributing to PCOS. Participants representing this category may require targeted interventions to ameliorate health effects and enhance overall well-being through better decision-making in diet and activity.
24) Menstrual blood:
Menstrual blood is a physiological phenomenon that reflects female reproductive health. The study correlates the irregularities of menstrual blood to various symptoms of PCOS, emphasizing that understanding menstrual blood characteristics can help in diagnosing and managing PCOS effectively.
25) Madhyamakoshtha (Madhyamakostha, Madhyama-koshtha):
The term 'Madhyama-koshtha' signifies a balanced digestive pattern in Ayurveda. In the study, categorization of patients indicated that those with 'Madhyama-koshtha' might experience fewer digestive disturbances, suggesting that maintaining digestive health can support better management of PCOS symptoms.
26) Samasana (Samashana):
'Samashana' refers to proper eating habits or regularity in meals, promoting health and harmony in the body. The study highlights the importance of samashana, suggesting that dietary regularity can mitigate symptoms and improve the overall well-being of patients with PCOS.
27) Prakopa:
'Prakopa' connotes aggravation or disturbance of doshas in Ayurveda. The study discusses how prakopa of doshas contributes to the manifestation of PCOS symptoms, emphasizing the need for therapeutic measures to calm or balance these aggravations to restore health.
28) Habitat:
'Habitat' refers to the living environment of individuals, which can significantly impact health outcomes. The study found that urban living was prevalent among PCOS patients, likely contributing to sedentary lifestyles and increased stress, highlighting the importance of addressing urban health challenges related to PCOS.
29) Brahmi:
'Brahmi' denotes a specific time of day believed to be auspicious for health practices in Ayurveda. Referencing Brahma, the study emphasizes the importance of aligning one's daily routines with optimal times for physical and psychological health, particularly in managing conditions like PCOS.
30) Indian:
'Indian' relates to the cultural and geographical context of the study conducted in India. This Indian perspective provides insights into the unique lifestyle factors, dietary habits, and prevalent health issues among Indian women, emphasizing the need for culturally relevant healthcare strategies.
31) Dosa:
'Dosha' refers to the three fundamental bodily energies in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Understanding the interplay of these doshas helps in diagnosing and managing PCOS, as imbalances in doshas are directly linked to symptoms manifested in affected individuals.
32) Nidhi:
'Nidhi' could reference an individual involved in the research or be a generalized name used within the context of the study. Further exploration of Nidhi's role or contributions would be necessary to elucidate their significance in the findings.
33) Kumar:
The name 'Kumar' is a surname that might represent one of the authors or contributors to the study. Understanding the roles of the researchers enhances the credibility of the findings and underscores the collaborative nature of the observational study.
34) Blood:
'Blood' in the context of this study relates to menstrual health and hormonal functions. The study references blood characteristics, serving as crucial indicators for diagnosing PCOS and understanding its effects on a woman's overall health.
35) Agni:
'Agni' represents digestive fire in Ayurveda, crucial for maintaining health. The study highlights the significance of agni, linking it to metabolic processes and the digestion of food, which affects overall hormonal balance and the management of PCOS.
36) Hetu:
'Hetu' signifies cause in Ayurveda terminology. The study investigates various hetus that contribute to the development of PCOS, emphasizing the need to address these underlying causes when formulating treatment and management strategies for affected individuals.
37) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
The 'Susruta Samhita' is an ancient Ayurvedic text that provides insights into medical practices. The study may reference this text to justify the Ayurvedic approaches employed in managing PCOS, demonstrating the historical context of treatment strategies and principles.
38) Brahma-muhurta (Brahman-muhurta):
'Brahma Muhurta' refers to the period before sunrise considered auspicious for health-oriented practices. The study discusses this concept to stress the significance of aligning daily habits with this time to promote optimal health and potentially mitigate PCOS symptoms.
39) Sutrasthana (Sutra-sthana):
'Sutra-sthana' may denote a chapter or section in traditional Ayurvedic texts focusing on specific topics related to health and wellness. Understanding content from Sutra-sthana can deepen insights into Ayurvedic treatments relevant to PCOS management.
40) Tuberculosis:
In a broader health context, the mention of 'tuberculosis' outlines the need to differentiate PCOS from other health issues. Such differentiation reinforces the importance of comprehensive assessments to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment approaches for patients presenting with reproductive health concerns.
41) Measurement:
Measurement is crucial for assessing the parameters of the study, including patient demographics and symptom severity. Accurate measurements allow for a better understanding of the population affected by PCOS and help in deriving effective treatment protocols.
42) Agnidushti (Agni-dushti, Agnidusti):
'Agni-dushti' signifies impaired digestive function in Ayurveda, which can contribute to various health complaints, including PCOS. The study connects agni-dushti to lifestyle choices and dietary habits, emphasizing the need for restoring healthy digestive function in managing PCOS symptoms.
43) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kaphadosha, a component of Ayurvedic health paradigms, indicates the prevalence of body types associated with moisture, heaviness, and stability. The study connects kapha dosha imbalances to PCOS symptoms, emphasizing the role of lifestyle modifications to mitigate its impact.
44) Adhyashana (Adhyasana):
Adhyashana refers to overeating or consuming unsuitable foods in Ayurvedic context. The study identifies adhyashana as a prevalent issue among participants, suggesting that poor eating habits can exacerbate the symptoms of PCOS and may require intervention to promote healthier lifestyles.
45) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
'Tridoshaja' denotes the three dosha balance in Ayurvedic terminology. The study suggests that PCOS implicates imbalances among these doshas, highlighting the necessity for holistic treatment approaches that restore harmony among Vata, Pitta, and Kapha for effective health outcomes.
46) Discussion:
Discussion within the study provides an integral analysis of findings. It evaluates various parameters, such as symptom prevalence and lifestyle factors, facilitating deeper understanding of the challenges individuals face with PCOS and enabling the formulation of effective treatment strategies.
47) Developing:
The term 'developing' in the study reflects India's evolving healthcare landscape, emphasizing the rising incidence of PCOS within its population. Addressing this growing public health concern necessitates comprehensive strategies to manage PCOS's multifactorial nature for effective prevention and care.
48) Srivastava (Sri-vastava, Shrivastava, Shri-vastava):
The name 'Srivastava' likely represents one of the researchers or contributors involved in the study. Recognizing the roles of each participant in the research strengthens the credibility and integrity of the observational findings.
49) Similarity:
Similarity in symptoms among PCOS patients is a point of focus in the study. Understanding these commonalities aids in diagnosing the syndrome and emphasizes the need for standardized criteria for identifying and managing PCOS in clinical settings.
50) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
The term 'Vatapitta' signifies a combination of the Vata and Pitta doshas in Ayurvedic context. The study addresses potential influences of this dosha combination in the development of PCOS symptoms, indicating the need for tailored interventions targeting these specific dosha imbalances.
51) Striroga (Stri-roga):
'Stri-roga' refers to female disorders in Ayurveda, encompassing various women's health issues, including PCOS. The study relating to stri-roga emphasizes understanding and addressing these female-specific diseases in a culturally informed manner within the healthcare system.
52) Attending:
'Attending' refers to the patients who participated in the study, providing crucial data for analysis. By attending the clinics, these individuals contributed their experiences and challenges, enriching the understanding of PCOS and helping to shape effective treatment approaches.
53) Medicine:
Medicine is utilized to treat conditions like PCOS, encompassing both traditional and modern practices. The study critiques current medical practices while advocating for integrating traditional Ayurvedic wisdom, signifying the importance of diverse treatment options available for managing PCOS.
54) Tridosha (Tri-dosha, Tridosa):
Tridosha signifies the three doshas crucial for understanding individual health in Ayurveda. The study highlights the interplay among Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, emphasizing how their balance or imbalance influences the manifestation and management of PCOS symptoms throughout the patient population.
55) Pradhana:
'Pradhana' refers to predominance or primary role– in this case, highlighting the primary dosha or symptoms influencing PCOS management. Understanding which dosha is pradhana can help practitioners focus their treatment strategies effectively, targeting underlying imbalances.
56) Jagarana:
'Jagarana' refers to the act of staying awake, which can significantly affect health. The study discusses nocturnal waking patterns, linking them to hormonal imbalances in PCOS, emphasizing the need for better sleep hygiene as part of holistic health management.
57) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi may refer to a geographical context in Ayurveda, possibly as a reference point for traditional medical practices. While the study centers on Haridwar, understanding regional differences within India regarding PCOS prevalence may be relevant for broader health discussions.
58) Rukshata (Ruksata):
'Rukshata' denotes dryness in Ayurveda, which can relate to various health issues, including menstrual irregularities. The study mentions rukshata to explain certain symptoms of PCOS, suggesting a link between environmental factors and physiological responses observed in patients.
59) Samgraha (Sangraha):
The term 'Sangraha' typically means collection or assemblage, perhaps referring to the collection of Ayurvedic texts or knowledge. The study may underscore the relevance of ancient texts in formulating modern treatment approaches for conditions like PCOS.
60) Marriage:
Marriage often represents a significant transitional phase in women's lives, which can affect their health and wellbeing. The study highlights how unmarried women comprise a majority of the observed population, indicating the sociocultural dynamics influencing women's health issues, including PCOS.
61) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit, the ancient language of India, forms the basis of Ayurvedic texts and terminologies. The study employs Sanskrit terms to explain concepts like 'Artava' and 'Kshaya,' emphasizing the historical and cultural importance of language in conveying health knowledge.
62) Samhita:
'Samhita' refers to a collection of texts in Ayurveda that encapsulate medical knowledge and practices. The study may utilize principles from classical samhitas to guide treatment strategies for PCOS, reinforcing the relevance of traditional wisdom in contemporary healthcare.
63) Prasuti:
The term 'Prasuti' pertains to gynecology in Ayurveda, focusing on women's reproductive health. In studying PCOS, understanding prasuti principles allows for the development of treatment plans aligned with Ayurvedic practices, enhancing health outcomes for affected individuals.
64) Krishna (Krsna):
'Krishna' may denote one of the authors contributing to the research, highlighting the collaborative nature of the study. Mentioning individuals participating in academia reinforces the credibility of research findings in exploring the complexities of PCOS.
65) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
In the study, 'burning' might symbolize the urgency for addressing PCOS as a rising health issue among women. This term underscores the need for immediate recognition of symptoms and effective interventions to manage PCOS and enhance women's health.
66) Tantra (Tantrism, Tamtra):
'Tantra' in Ayurveda refers to methods or systems for healing and balancing health. The study may emphasize the significance of tantric practices in Ayurveda for treating PCOS, showcasing holistic approaches to well-being centered around female reproductive health.
67) Ruksha (Ruksa):
'Ruksha' signifies dryness, which can relate to various physiological conditions in Ayurveda. In the study, references to ruksha may highlight the need for moisture and hydration in supporting healthy menstrual cycles in women affected by PCOS.
68) Sthana:
'Sthana' represents location or placement in Ayurvedic terminology. The study may use 'sthāna' to describe physical states or regions in the body impacted by PCOS, linking thorough diagnostic assessments to improve treatment strategies.
69) Brahma:
'Brahma' can connote the supreme consciousness in Hinduism, possibly referring to a conceptual framework within Ayurveda. The study might invoke this term to emphasize the spiritual dimensions of health and wellness as relevant to managing conditions like PCOS.
70) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
'Vyadhi' translates to disease or disorder in Ayurveda. The study categorizes PCOS under vyadhi, guiding the therapeutic interventions based on Ayurvedic principles designed to manage and alleviate symptoms associated with this female reproductive disorder.
71) Cancer:
Cancer is referenced as a potential long-term complication faced by women with PCOS. The study highlights this association to stress the importance of monitoring health and addressing risk factors proactively to improve long-term outcomes for women suffering from PCOS.
72) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
The name 'Sharma' could represent another author or contributor in the study. Acknowledging all individuals involved enhances the research's integrity and emphasizes the collaborative effort required to explore the complexities of PCOS.
73) Sutra:
Sutra refers to aphorisms or guiding principles in Ayurveda, which often inform treatment protocols. The study may refer to specific sutras as a basis for understanding the Ayurvedic approach to PCOS and ensuring the application of traditional knowledge in management strategies.
74) Medas (Meda, Medash):
'Meda' represents fat tissue in Ayurveda that plays a significant role in overall health and metabolism. In the context of the study, meda levels are considered significant, as their imbalance may contribute to the development of conditions like PCOS.
75) Mridu (Mrdu):
'Mridu' signifies softness or gentleness in Ayurvedic context, which may relate to the vitality of bodily functions. The study's assessment of mridu patients aids in identifying the potential manifestations of PCOS symptoms within this classification, influencing treatment choices.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 89]
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