Study of in-vitro anticoagulant activity on kaempferia rotunda

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Study of in-vitro anticoagulant activity on kaempferia rotunda
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Safeera Mayyeri, Anjaly V., Asheeba Mohammed Anzari, Mohammed Ajmal O., Shahma Jabeen M., Lubna Nasrin C. P., Dr. Celestin Baboo R. V. and Dr. Sirajudheen M. K.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Study of in-vitro anticoagulant activity on kaempferia rotunda

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202319-30016


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Hemostasis is a critical physiological process that involves the interaction between coagulation factors and anticoagulants, ensuring that blood remains contained within the vascular system during injury. The process comprises three key stages: vasoconstriction, the formation of a temporary platelet plug, and the establishment of a stable fibrin clot. Anticoagulant medicines are crucial for both short-term and long-term management of thrombotic conditions. Traditional practices, particularly in Kerala, India, suggest that the plant Kaempferia rotunda possesses anticoagulant properties. This study aims to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of this plant, which is a member of the Zingiberaceae family.

Anticoagulant Activity of Kaempferia rotunda

The investigation focused on the potential anticoagulant properties of Kaempferia rotunda, utilizing various laboratory assays to assess its efficacy. The rhizomes of the plant were extracted using methanol through a Soxhlet extraction method, and the resulting extracts were subjected to activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays. The results demonstrated that the extract's anticoagulant activity increased significantly at higher concentrations, indicating a potential therapeutic application for Kaempferia rotunda as a natural anticoagulant agent.

Methodology and Extraction

Fresh rhizomes of Kaempferia rotunda were collected, processed, and extracted to yield a crude extract rich in various phytoconstituents. The study followed a detailed methodology, including subsequent washing, drying, and extracting techniques to ensure the quality of the plant material. A series of qualitative chemical assays were then conducted to identify the presence of key phytochemicals, including alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds, which are believed to contribute to its anticoagulant properties.

Evaluation of Anticoagulant Activity

The anticoagulant effects were quantitatively assessed through APTT and PT assays using platelet-poor plasma samples. Significant differences in clot formation times were observed when comparing the extract to control samples. Results indicated that increasing the concentration of the K. rotunda extract led to prolonged clot formation times: specifically, the highest concentration tested (100 μg/ml) showed considerable anticoagulant activity with 83.6 seconds for APTT and 18.68 seconds for PT, suggesting that the extract functions effectively against coagulation.

Conclusion

The study concludes that the methanolic extract of the rhizomes of Kaempferia rotunda exhibits significant in-vitro anticoagulant activity, as demonstrated by APTT and PT assays. The findings not only validate traditional claims regarding the anticoagulant properties of the plant but also highlight its potential as a natural alternative to conventional anticoagulants such as heparin. The presence of various phytochemicals further reinforces the prospect of Kaempferia rotunda as a therapeutic agent in the management of thrombotic disorders, warranting further research to explore its clinical implications.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the purpose of the study on Kaempferia rotunda?

The study aims to investigate the anticoagulant properties of Kaempferia rotunda, a herb in the Zingiberaceae family, by measuring its effects on blood clotting using established assays.

How was the plant material of Kaempferia rotunda collected?

The fresh plant material of Kaempferia rotunda was collected from Kizhissery, Malappuram district, Kerala, India, and authenticated for its species identification.

What method was used to extract the rhizomes of Kaempferia rotunda?

The rhizomes were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus with methanol, followed by evaporation to obtain a concentrated crude extract for further analysis.

What assays were used to evaluate anticoagulant activity?

Anticoagulant activity was evaluated using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays in platelet-poor plasma samples with various concentrations of the extract.

What were the significant findings regarding anticoagulant activity?

The study found that at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, the extract exhibited significant anticoagulant activity, with APTT and PT times of 83.6 seconds and 18.68 seconds, respectively.

Which phytochemical compounds were identified in the extract?

Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and saponins in the methanolic extract of Kaempferia rotunda rhizomes.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study of in-vitro anticoagulant activity on kaempferia rotunda”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that serves multiple functions, including transportation of oxygen and nutrients to cells, and removal of waste products. In the context of anticoagulant studies, blood is crucial for understanding coagulation and its prevention, which directly relates to the efficacy of anticoagulant agents like those derived from Kaempferia rotunda.

2) Pur:
In this context, 'poor' refers to the quality of plasma that lacks platelets, known as platelet-poor plasma. This type of sample is essential in anticoagulant activity studies because it allows researchers to assess the anticoagulant effects of substances without interference from cells that can promote clotting.

3) Activity:
Activity refers to the effects exhibited by a substance under study. In pharmacological research, measuring the anticoagulant activity of extracts indicates how effectively a substance can inhibit blood clot formation. This information is critical when evaluating natural compounds as potential therapeutic agents for clotting disorders.

4) Study (Studying):
The study aims to investigate the anticoagulant properties of the Kaempferia rotunda plant. In scientific research, a structured examination is vital for generating insights and evidence regarding the efficacy of natural substances as alternatives or supplements to conventional medications for preventing blood clots.

5) Kerala:
Kerala is a state in India known for its rich biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices. The mention of Kerala in this context indicates the geographical origin of the plant studied—Kaempferia rotunda—highlighting local ecological knowledge and the significance of regional flora in developing pharmaceutical agents.

6) India:
India is highlighted as the country where the research on Kaempferia rotunda was conducted. It signifies not just the cultural relevance of herbal medicine but also the importance of indigenous plants in the broader context of pharmaceutical research and development aimed at addressing health challenges like thrombosis.

7) Table:
In scientific studies, tables are used to organize and present data clearly and effectively. In this research, tables summarize experimental results, such as the anticoagulant activity of different plant extract concentrations, which aids in visual data comparison, interpretation, and understanding of the findings.

8) Drug:
A drug is a substance used for medical treatment to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease. The mention of drugs within the context of this research underlines the importance of discovering new pharmacological agents, especially natural compounds, that can offer safer alternatives to conventional medications like heparin.

9) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in plants that can have health benefits, often playing a role in their medicinal properties. In this study, phytochemical analysis of Kaempferia rotunda underlines the significance of identifying bioactive compounds that may contribute to its anticoagulant effects.

10) Family:
In botanical terms, 'family' groups related plant species that share common characteristics. The classification of Kaempferia rotunda under the Zingiberaceae family highlights its botanical relationships, which may share similar pharmacological properties, thereby aiding in the search for effective medicinal plants.

11) Flavonoid:
A flavonoid is a specific type of flavonoid compound. Their role in plant pigmentation and human health encompasses a range of biological activities, making them relevant in studies focusing on natural substances' effects on human health, especially regarding their anticoagulative properties.

12) Bleeding:
Bleeding is a medical condition characterized by excessive loss of blood, often due to injury or a medical disorder. The study on Kaempferia rotunda relates to bleeding in the context of hemostasis, where understanding anticoagulant properties can help manage bleeding episodes or prevent thrombosis effectively.

13) Shri-lanka (Srilanka, Sri-lanka, Shrilanka):
Sri Lanka, like India, is noted for its rich biodiversity, including various medicinal plants. The mention of Sri Lanka emphasizes the broader regional context in which Kaempferia rotunda is found, hinting at the potential common medicinal practices and plant utilization in South Asian traditional medicine.

14) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the branch of medicine focused on the study of drugs and their interactions in biological systems. This research falls under pharmacological studies as it investigates the anticoagulant effects of a plant extract, contributing to the understanding and potential development of new therapeutic agents.

15) Discussion:
Discussion in scientific papers refers to the section where results are interpreted, implications are drawn, and connections to previous research are made. This section is critical in assessing the significance of findings related to Kaempferia rotunda's anticoagulant activity within the larger field of herbal medicine research.

16) Substance:
A substance is a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. In pharmacological research, identifying and isolating substances—like those found in Kaempferia rotunda—allows researchers to explore their potential medicinal uses, particularly in developing alternative therapies for thrombotic conditions.

17) Inference:
An inference is a type of logical conclusion based on available evidence. In the context of this research, making inferences about the anticoagulant activity of the extracts allows for a better understanding of how specific compounds may contribute to this crucial medicinal property.

18) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science or practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. This study contributes to the field of medicine by offering insights into the anticoagulant capabilities of a natural plant, potentially leading to novel treatments for conditions related to blood coagulation.

19) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. This study on Kaempferia rotunda exemplifies the application of botanical science to pharmacology, emphasizing how scientific methods can reveal the therapeutic potential of traditional plant usage.

20) Disease:
Disease is a term used to describe a disordered condition of a living organism that impairs normal functioning. This research addresses diseases related to clot formation, seeking effective natural treatments to enhance health outcomes for individuals suffering from various thrombotic conditions.

21) Channel:
In a scientific context, 'channel' typically refers to pathways through which substances, signals, or information can flow. In the study, it may represent the mechanisms through which the anticoagulant properties of Kaempferia rotunda affect blood coagulation, elucidating therapeutic avenues.

22) Species:
Species refers to a group of living organisms capable of interbreeding. In this study, identifying Kaempferia rotunda as a species underlines its unique properties and potential as a source of natural drugs, driving research forward in pharmacology and herbal medicine.

23) Powder:
Powder refers to a finely ground substance. In the extraction process of Kaempferia rotunda, the powdered rhizome is used to facilitate the extraction of potent phytochemicals, allowing for the assessment of their therapeutic properties when conducting anticoagulant activity studies.

24) Lanka (Lamka, Lànkà):
Lanka, commonly referring to Sri Lanka, is associated with a rich heritage of herbal medicine similar to India. Mentioning Lanka in the context of this study suggests the broader geographical and cultural backdrop where similar medicinal plants like Kaempferia rotunda are utilized.

25) Water:
Water is a vital solvent in biological and chemical processes. In the methodology, water is used for washing and preparing the plant material, highlighting its role in ensuring the purity and integrity of the extracts before conducting pharmacological evaluations.

26) Cina:
China is significant as a native region related to many medicinal plants, including Kaempferia rotunda. Its mention points to the plant's longstanding use in traditional medicine across cultures, emphasizing the value of ethnopharmacological research in discovering effective natural therapeutics.

27) Life:
Life refers to the condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, encompassing various biological processes. In the context of this research, understanding how natural substances from plants like Kaempferia rotunda can influence life processes such as coagulation enhances the importance of botanical studies.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Study of in-vitro anticoagulant activity on kaempferia rotunda’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Phytochemical analysis, Plant material collection, Soxhlet extraction method, Traditional Practitioner.

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