Synthesize benzothiazole with pyrazoles; assess antibacterial activity.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Synthesis of benzothiazole with pyrazoles and study its antibacterial activity against various microorganisms
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Poonam Bhardwaj and Arun Kumar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Synthesis of benzothiazole with pyrazoles and study its antibacterial activity against various microorganisms
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20223-23170
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research paper by Poonam Bhardwaj and Arun Kumar focuses on the synthesis of Benzothiazole derivatives using pyrazole and their antibacterial properties. Benzothiazole is a versatile compound known for its significant therapeutic potential, including antibiotic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. The study undertakes the synthesis of 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-hydrazinyl-1,3-benzothiazole and evaluates its effectiveness against various microorganisms using in vitro methodologies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Benzothiazole Derivatives
The synthesis process involved treating fluorochloroaniline with potassium thiocyanate, bromine, and Glacial Acetic Acid to produce 2-amino-6-fluoro-7-chloro(1,3)-benzothiazole. This intermediate compound was then processed with hydrazine hydrate and ethylene glycol under reflux conditions to yield the final product, 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-hydrazinyl-1,3-benzothiazole. Various analytical techniques such as melting point determination, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry were employed for compound identification and characterization, confirming the structural integrity and purity of the synthesized compounds.
Antibacterial Activity Evaluation
The synthesized Benzothiazole derivatives were subjected to antibacterial testing against a range of microorganisms, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Cup-plate method was utilized to assess the antibacterial efficacy, measuring the zones of inhibition produced by each compound. Results indicated promising antibacterial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, suggesting potential clinical applications for these compounds in treating bacterial infections.
Importance of Medicinal Chemistry
The study also emphasizes the broader context of medicinal chemistry, highlighting the discipline's role in the development and discovery of biologically active compounds. Medicinal chemistry combines the art and science of drug design, synthesis, and evaluation, facilitating the identification of new treatments for a variety of diseases. The advancements in structural methodologies and computational chemistry have enabled the rational design of drugs with targeted therapeutic effects, reinforcing the importance of ongoing research in the field to address pertinent health challenges.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this research illustrates the successful synthesis of Benzothiazole derivatives with significant antibacterial activity, reinforcing the therapeutic potential of these compounds. The findings showcase the relevance of effective drug development practices in medicinal chemistry, facilitating the discovery of new agents capable of combating bacterial resistance. Future studies may focus on expanding the range of synthesized compounds and exploring additional biological activities, thereby contributing to the pharmaceutical literature and therapeutic options available for infectious diseases.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the therapeutic effects of benzothiazole derivatives?
Benzothiazole derivatives exhibit a wide range of therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antitubercular, anticancer, antimycotic, NSAID, and antihypertensive activities, making them significant in medicinal chemistry.
What methodology was used to evaluate antibacterial activity?
The antibacterial activity of synthesized benzothiazole derivatives was evaluated using the Cup-plate method, where isolated compounds were tested against various bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.
What compounds were synthesized in this study?
The study synthesized 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-hydrazinyl-1,3-benzothiazole by treating fluorochloroaniline with potassium thiocyanate, bromine, and other chemicals, followed by refluxing with hydrazine hydrate and ethylene glycol.
How were the synthesized compounds characterized?
The synthesized compounds were characterized using various techniques, including solubility tests, TLC, IR spectroscopy, proton NMR, and mass spectral studies to confirm their chemical nature.
What microorganisms were tested against the synthesized compounds?
The synthesized compounds were tested against several microorganisms, including gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What is the significance of pyrazole in medicinal chemistry?
Pyrazole compounds are notable for their medicinal properties, including antimicrobial, anticancer, and anthelmintic activities, which contribute to their therapeutic potential in drug development.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Synthesize benzothiazole with pyrazoles; assess antibacterial activity.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Water is the essential solvent for chemical reactions, particularly in biology and medicinal chemistry. It facilitates various reactions as a medium for compounds to interact. Its role in biological systems cannot be overemphasized, as it is involved in transport, metabolism, and maintaining homeostasis in living organisms.
2) Activity:
Activity in the context of pharmacology refers to the effectiveness of a substance or compound in eliciting a biological or pharmacological effect. It entails understanding how compounds interact with biological targets, thus influencing therapeutic outcomes. Assessing activity is crucial for drug development and therapeutic efficacy.
3) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Anti-bacterial describes agents or compounds that combat bacterial infections by inhibiting bacterial growth or killing bacteria. This term is crucial in pharmacology and medicine, highlighting the need for ongoing research to discover effective anti-bacterial agents against emerging pathogens and antibiotic resistance.
4) Aureus:
Aureus, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, is a gram-positive bacterium known for causing various infections in humans. Due to its pathogenicity, particularly in healthcare settings, it is often a target for antibacterial studies. Understanding its biology and susceptibility to antibiotics is keys to developing effective treatments.
5) Drug:
Drugs are chemical substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent illnesses. Their study involves understanding their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics to improve therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects. The synthesis of new drugs is essential for advancing healthcare and addressing unmet medical needs.
6) Table:
In scientific research, tables present data systematically for clarity and comparison. They organize complex information, allowing researchers to summarize results from experiments, such as antibacterial activity, in a concise manner. Tables enhance readability and facilitate quicker analysis of results, which is essential in research reporting.
7) Study (Studying):
A study refers to a systematic investigation into a specific hypothesis or research question. In this context, it emphasizes the methodological approach in experimental design to assess the effectiveness of synthesized compounds and their biological activities, contributing to the broader understanding of medicinal chemistry.
8) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drugs, their properties, effects, and mechanisms of action in living organisms. It encompasses drug interactions, therapeutic effects, and adverse reactions, serving as a fundamental aspect of drug development and optimizing therapeutic regimens in clinical settings.
9) Substance:
Substances, in a scientific context, refer to organic or inorganic materials with distinct properties. In pharmacology, the study of substances focuses on their interactions, biological activity, and potential therapeutic uses, playing a fundamental role in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry.
10) Science (Scientific):
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge through testable explanations and predictions about the universe. In the context of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, it lays the groundwork for understanding biological processes, drug interactions, and the development of effective therapeutics.
11) India:
India plays a significant role in global pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing. Its diverse landscape supports a range of medicinal plant species and chemical compounds. The country's academic and industrial efforts contribute greatly to advances in drug discovery and health care.
12) Discussion:
Discussion is an integral part of research that interprets and contextualizes experimental results. It allows researchers to evaluate findings, compare with existing literature, propose explanations, and explore implications for future research. A thorough discussion enhances the credibility and relevance of scientific work.
13) Medicine:
Medicines are substances formulated to prevent, diagnose, or treat illnesses. They play a crucial role in healthcare, promoting recovery and improving quality of life. Continuous research enhances medicine development, ensuring efficacy and safety while addressing emerging health challenges.
14) Purity:
Purity is a critical quality parameter in pharmaceuticals, indicating the absence of impurities and contaminants in a substance. High purity is essential for efficacy and safety in drug formulations, as impurities can affect therapeutic outcomes and cause adverse reactions.
15) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities or characteristics of substances, often dictating their behavior and interactions. Understanding the nature of compounds is fundamental in medicinal chemistry, influencing how they react, their biological activity, and their potential therapeutic uses.
16) Life:
Life involves biological processes that sustain organisms, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The study of life sciences encompasses fields such as biology, medicine, and pharmacology, which ultimately aim to understand and improve health and living conditions for all species.
17) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology focused on the study of drug actions, effects, and therapeutic uses. It combines knowledge from various fields to understand how drugs work within biological systems, guiding the safe and effective use of medications in healthcare.
18) Purification:
Purification refers to processes that remove impurities and contaminants from a substance. In pharmaceuticals, ensuring the purity of compounds is essential for safety and efficacy of drugs. It enhances the quality of medicines, contributing to reliable therapeutic outcomes and regulatory compliance.
19) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding and awareness gained through study and experience. In scientific research, knowledge is fundamental for developing hypotheses, interpreting data, and making informed decisions. It drives innovation and advances in fields like medicinal chemistry and pharmacology.
20) Observing:
Observing refers to the act of carefully monitoring and recording phenomena in experiments. In research, observing enables scientists to gather empirical data, interpret results, and draw conclusions that contribute to the understanding of drug actions and biological mechanisms in health and disease.
21) Mountain:
Mountain serves as a metaphor for the challenges faced in scientific endeavors, including rigorous experimentation and analysis. The peaks signify breakthroughs and advancements in understanding, while valleys may represent setbacks or unexpected results in the pursuit of new knowledge and therapeutic solutions.
22) Kumar:
Kumar is often used as a surname in India, indicating cultural background. In the context of research, individual contributions, like those of Arun Kumar mentioned here, highlight collaborative efforts in scientific advancements, underscoring the importance of teamwork in achieving research goals.
23) Glass:
Glass is utilized in laboratory settings as containers, apparatuses, and instruments owing to its inert nature and durability. It plays a vital role in conducting experiments involving chemical reactions, storage of samples, and ensuring the safe handling of substances and solutions in research environments.
24) Field:
Field refers to a specific area of study or practice. In this context, it highlights the relevance of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, illustrating the ongoing research to discover, develop, and analyze new therapeutic agents and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration.
25) Salt (Salty):
Salt, particularly in a chemical context, often refers to ionic compounds formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Salts play significant roles in various biochemical processes, drug formulations, and influencing the solubility and stability of compounds in pharmaceutical applications.
26) Cup:
Cups, in the laboratory environment, generally refer to the container used in experimental procedures, particularly in the Cup-plate method for assessing antimicrobial activity. They serve as essential apparatuses in conducting experiments aimed at evaluating the efficacy of synthesized compounds.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Synthesize benzothiazole with pyrazoles; assess antibacterial activity.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antibacterial activity, Research article, Staphylococcus aureus, Cup Plate Method, E. coli, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dimethyl formamide, Anticancer effect, Pyrazole compounds, Antimycotic activity.