Evaluating tramadol's safety and efficacy for postoperative cancer pain.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Assessment of safety and efficacy of tramadol in management of pain in postoperative cancer patients
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Dr. G. L. Prabhushankar, Bhavya Poojary and Dr. Dharitri G. Joshi


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Assessment of safety and efficacy of tramadol in management of pain in postoperative cancer patients

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20227-24285

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Cancer remains a significant global health issue, being the second leading cause of death worldwide. Surgical intervention is a common treatment for various cancers, particularly for tumor excision. Postoperative pain management is critical for improving the quality of life and patient satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tramadol, a centrally acting analgesic, in managing postoperative pain in cancer patients and to assess their quality of life following surgery.

Pain Management Effectiveness of Tramadol

The research conducted on 152 postoperative cancer patients revealed promising results regarding the efficacy of tramadol in pain management. The mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores indicated a substantial reduction in pain intensity from 6.18 on the first postoperative day (POD 1) to 1.37 by POD 5, signifying that tramadol is effective for alleviating moderate to severe pain. Most patients reported transitioning from moderate to severe pain to mild pain or no pain as the days progressed, demonstrating tramadol’s rapid onset and effectiveness in managing acute postoperative discomfort.

Adverse Drug Reactions and Safety

Tramadol administration led to mild adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a significant portion of the participants, with constipation being the most reported (55.4%). Other ADRs included dry mouth, fatigue, and nausea. The causality assessment indicated that most of the ADRs were probable rather than definite, and all were classified as mild in severity based on established scales. This suggests that while tramadol is associated with some side effects, these can typically be managed without needing significant medical intervention, thereby establishing tramadol as a relatively safe option for pain management in postoperative cancer patients.

Quality of Life Assessment

Quality of life (QoL) improvements were also measured using the SF-36 questionnaire, comparing results obtained at baseline and one month post-surgery. The analysis revealed significant improvements in several QoL domains, including physical functioning, energy, social interaction, and emotional well-being, alongside a reduction in reported bodily pain. However, patients reported increased role limitations due to physical health and emotional issues, indicating that while tramadol proved effective for pain management, challenges remain in addressing long-term improvements in QoL for cancer survivors.

Conclusion

The study concluded that tramadol effectively manages postoperative pain in cancer patients while exhibiting a favorable safety profile with mild side effects. While significant improvements in QoL were noted in various dimensions, some limitations persist in the context of emotional well-being and role functioning. This underscores the need for comprehensive postoperative care strategies that address both pain management and the psychosocial aspects of recovery in cancer patients. The findings enhance the understanding of tramadol's role in postoperative pain relief and pave the way for future research focusing on holistic recovery approaches for cancer survivors.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the aim of the study on tramadol for cancer patients?

The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of tramadol for managing postoperative pain in cancer patients, as well as improvements in their quality of life post-surgery.

What were the significant findings related to pain management?

The study found a significant reduction in pain scores, with mean VAS scores decreasing from 6.18 on postoperative day 1 to 1.37 on day 5, indicating tramadol's effectiveness in pain relief.

What common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were observed?

Constipation was the most common ADR at 55.14%, followed by dry mouth (43.92%) and fatigue (23.36%). All ADRs were classified as mild and managed without intervention.

How did tramadol affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients?

The QoL assessment showed improvements in various areas, including physical functioning and emotional well-being. However, participants experienced increased role limitations due to physical and emotional issues.

What was the demographic profile of the study participants?

The study included 152 cancer patients, predominantly female (67.76%), with the majority (51.32%) in the age group of 46-60 years, and most commonly diagnosed with breast cancer.

What implications does this study have for pain management practices?

The findings suggest that tramadol is an effective and safe analgesic for managing postoperative pain in cancer patients, avoiding significant ADRs and improving patients' recovery experience.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Evaluating tramadol's safety and efficacy for postoperative cancer pain.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. It is a significant global health issue, contributing to a large number of fatalities. Understanding cancer's impact on patients is crucial for developing effective treatments and managing associated symptoms like pain, thus improving their quality of life post-surgery.

2) Pain:
Pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience often associated with tissue damage. In the context of postoperative cancer patients, effective pain management is essential for recovery and quality of life. The study investigates tramadol's efficacy in alleviating pain, which is a significant aspect of patient care after surgery.

3) Study (Studying):
This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of tramadol in managing postoperative pain in cancer patients. It involves systematic observation and data collection to understand how tramadol affects pain intensity and quality of life, thus contributing valuable insights to medical practices in oncology.

4) Table:
Tables in the research article display statistical data clearly, summarizing key findings such as demographic information, pain assessment scores, and quality of life measurements. These tables facilitate easier analysis and comparison of results, aiding in the effective communication of research outcomes to healthcare professionals.

5) Post:
In the medical context, 'post' refers to the period following surgery or treatment. Postoperative care is crucial for recovery from surgical procedures, especially in cancer patients, as complications such as pain and inflammation can significantly affect their healing and overall well-being during this time.

6) Quality:
Quality in healthcare often refers to the standard of care and outcomes experienced by patients. The study evaluates the quality of life (QoL) of postoperative cancer patients using questionnaires, aiming to understand how tramadol impacts their daily functioning, emotional well-being, and overall satisfaction with care.

7) Life:
Life, particularly in healthcare discussions, is often linked to the overall well-being and longevity of individuals. In the study, factors influencing quality of life in cancer patients are examined to ensure that treatment plans not only address medical needs but also support psychological and social aspects of living.

8) Nausea:
Nausea is a common adverse effect that can occur with various medications, including tramadol. In the study, monitoring nausea alongside pain management allows researchers to evaluate tramadol's safety and tolerability, ensuring that patient comfort is prioritized when treating postoperative pain in cancer patients.

9) India:
India, as the study's geographical focus, has a growing cancer burden, with significant increases in cancer diagnoses reported annually. Understanding local healthcare contexts, such as treatment accessibility and cultural factors, is critical for tailoring effective pain management strategies and improving patient outcomes in the Indian healthcare system.

10) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India where the study was conducted. The cancer patient population in Karnataka reflects regional characteristics affecting cancer treatment outcomes, such as demographic diversity and access to healthcare facilities. Studying local patient populations helps identify specific needs and challenges in managing postoperative pain.

11) Male:
Male refers to one of the genders in the patient population studied. Gender differences can influence cancer prevalence, treatment responses, and experiences of pain and side effects. Recognizing these differences is crucial for developing personalized approaches to pain management in diverse patient groups.

12) Depression:
Depression is a significant mental health concern that can affect cancer patients, impacting their quality of life and treatment outcomes. The study considers emotional well-being as part of overall patient assessments, acknowledging that managing psychological health is vital alongside physical pain relief in cancer care.

13) Science (Scientific):
Sciences, particularly biomedical and pharmacological sciences, play a crucial role in understanding diseases and developing effective medications. The study on tramadol's efficacy in managing pain integrates principles from these scientific fields, reinforcing the importance of scientific research in advancing clinical practices and patient care.

14) Death:
Death is the ultimate consequence of untreated or advanced cancer, making pain management and supportive care critical in oncology. The study addresses how effective pain relief and improved quality of life can positively impact cancer patients' overall experience, possibly affecting their outlook and health outcomes.

15) Drug:
Drugs encompass a wide range of substances utilized in disease treatment and management. Understanding the pharmacological properties and side effects of drugs like tramadol is crucial for effective patient care, as it enables healthcare providers to optimize treatment strategies based on individual patient needs.

16) Mental health:
Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being. In cancer care, addressing mental health is as crucial as managing physical symptoms, as psychological distress can complicate recovery. The study evaluates how pain management impacts patients' broader mental health, aiming for holistic improvement in care.

17) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection and is often a source of postoperative pain. The understanding of inflammatory processes is essential for designing effective pain management strategies, as controlling inflammation can directly influence recovery outcomes in post-surgical cancer patients.

18) Measurement:
Measurement in research is vital for quantifying outcomes and evaluating treatment effectiveness. This study employs various measurement tools, like the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and SF-36 questionnaire, to objectively assess pain levels and quality of life, providing reliable data for analysis and conclusions.

19) Discussion:
The discussion section of the research article interprets the study's findings in the context of existing literature, helping to understand the implications of tramadol's efficacy and safety for postoperative pain management. It also explores the relevance of results for clinical practice and future research.

20) Developing:
Developing countries often face unique challenges in cancer care, including access to medications and treatment facilities. Understanding the implications of these challenges can inform strategies to improve pain management and quality of life for cancer patients in such contexts, emphasizing equitable healthcare provision.

21) Drowsiness:
Drowsiness is a potential side effect of tramadol that can impact patients' daily activities and recovery. The study tracks adverse drug reactions, including drowsiness, to assess tramadol's safety profile, ensuring that pain management strategies do not hinder patients' overall recovery and functioning.

22) Suffering:
Suffering, especially in the context of cancer, often encompasses physical, emotional, and psychological pain. The study's focus on pain management aims to alleviate suffering in postoperative cancer patients, enhancing their quality of life and overall well-being during a challenging period in their lives.

23) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. Understanding the role of medicines, such as tramadol in pain management, is crucial for improving care strategies for cancer patients undergoing postoperative recovery, reinforcing the importance of evidence-based treatment approaches.

24) Dharitri:
Dharitri G. Joshi is one of the authors of the study, contributing to the research on tramadol's effectiveness. Author collaborations reflect the interdisciplinary nature of healthcare research, emphasizing the importance of diverse expertise in developing comprehensive treatment strategies for complex health issues like cancer pain management.

25) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a potential adverse side effect associated with tramadol use. Monitoring such side effects is vital for ensuring the safety and tolerability of pain management interventions. The study's examination of adverse drug reactions highlights the need to balance effective treatment with minimizing negative outcomes for patients.

26) Teaching:
Teaching in healthcare refers to the dissemination of knowledge and skills, especially in clinical settings. The study's findings may contribute to educational initiatives aimed at enhancing healthcare professionals' understanding of effective pain management strategies, underscoring the importance of education in optimizing patient care.

27) Pregnant:
Pregnant women may have different pharmacological responses and safety concerns regarding medication use. The study excludes pregnant patients, highlighting the importance of considering safety profiles when prescribing pain management drugs like tramadol. Research on medication effects in special populations is crucial for ensuring safe treatment practices.

28) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating can occur as an adverse effect of tramadol, contributing to patients' discomfort. Understanding such side effects is essential in evaluating the overall safety of pain management options. The study's assessment of adverse drug reactions emphasizes the importance of patient comfort in postoperative care.

29) Barbara (Varvara):
Barbara Muzzatti is referenced in the context of quality of life assessments in cancer patients. The comparison of findings across studies contributes to a broader understanding of how treatments affect patients' lives. Understanding diverse perspectives enriches the research context for improving cancer care.

30) Disease:
Disease refers to pathological conditions that impair normal functioning. Cancer is a significant disease affecting millions, necessitating effective management strategies. The study focuses on postoperative pain management, highlighting the importance of addressing associated symptoms for improving overall patient health and quality of life.

31) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a common psychological condition that can coexist with chronic pain and illness, such as cancer. The study considers the impact of pain management on emotional health, acknowledging that effective treatment can alleviate anxiety levels, promoting better overall outcomes for patients undergoing cancer treatment.

32) Bhavya:
Bhavya Poojary is acknowledged as a co-author of the study, contributing to the research's multidisciplinary nature. Collaborative authorship emphasizes the importance of diverse expertise in addressing complex issues like cancer pain management, enhancing the research's credibility and applicability in clinical settings.

33) Joshi (Josi):
Dharitri G. Joshi, as a co-author of the study, contributes to the research efforts focused on tramadol's efficacy. The contributions of multiple authors often reflect a group effort in research, combining various areas of expertise to produce comprehensive findings relevant to patient care.

34) Rupee:
Rupee refers to the currency mentioned in connection to funding received for conducting the research. Financial support plays a vital role in facilitating research efforts, emphasizing the need to secure resources for investigational studies that aim to improve healthcare outcomes for patients.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Evaluating tramadol's safety and efficacy for postoperative cancer pain.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Pain relief, Breast cancer, Surgical management, Quality of life, Emotional well-being, Adverse drug reaction, Safety and efficacy, Demographic Data, Visual analogue scale, Cross-sectional study, Social functioning, Management of pain, Postoperative Pain, Prospective observational study, Physical functioning, Pharmacy practice.

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