Dieto-regimenal approach for the management of saman-e-mufrit (obesity)

a review

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Dieto-regimenal approach for the management of saman-e-mufrit (obesity)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a review

Original source:

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Author:

Saif Ali Siddiqui, Mohammad Shoaib, Asia Sultana and Mohammad Anas


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Dieto-regimenal approach for the management of saman-e-mufrit (obesity)

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20229-24432


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Obesity, referred to as Saman-e-Mufrit in Unani medicine, is characterized by abnormal excessive fat accumulation that poses significant health risks. It is recognized as a complex lifestyle disorder prevalent across various age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds, with contributing factors that include unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, and sedentary lifestyles. The condition has reached epidemic proportions globally, and the World Health Organization (WHO) now classifies it as a public health crisis. In India specifically, the National Family Health Survey indicates alarming statistics, with 12.1% of men and 14.8% of women categorized as overweight or obese. The Unani system of medicine offers a comprehensive approach to managing obesity, focusing on dieto-regimenal strategies that aim to promote health and well-being.

Ilaj bil Ghiza (Diet Therapy)

One of the cornerstone approaches in managing Saman-e-Mufrit is through Ilaj bil Ghiza, or diet therapy. This concept emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate dietary components to support health and prevent diseases. Unani scholars advocate for a balanced diet that minimizes the intake of high-energy foods, saturated fats, and trans-fats, which are known to contribute to obesity. Specific dietary changes suggested by prominent figures in Unani medicine include the consumption of lighter, easily digestible foods that enhance metabolic efficiency while reducing fat accumulation. By favoring foods that have a lower caloric density and greater nutritional value, individuals can manage their weight more effectively and mitigate the health risks associated with obesity.

Ilaj bil Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy)

Regimenal therapy, or Ilaj bil Tadbeer, represents another critical aspect of obesity management within Unani medicine. This approach involves the implementation of specific regimens and lifestyle modifications, aiming to restore balance to the body’s temperament and promote weight loss. Techniques such as regular exercise, sweating therapies (like the Turkish bath), and adhering to disciplined schedules for eating and physical activity are central to this practice. The focus on vigorous physical activity is intended to create a caloric deficit that aids in fat reduction, with the added benefits of enhancing overall well-being. Practitioners of Unani medicine advocate for a holistic approach that combines both dietary and regimenal interventions to achieve sustainable results in weight management.

Identifying Causes and Risk Factors

Understanding the causes and risk factors associated with Saman-e-Mufrit is crucial for its management. In Unani medicine, obesity is regarded as a ‘Balghami’ disease predominantly influenced by the humor of phlegm, leading to increased bodily moisture and lethargy. Factors including overconsumption of rich foods, lack of physical activity, and alcohol consumption are noted as significant contributors to the disease's onset. Furthermore, a person’s lifestyle, including inadequate sleep and excessive rest, exacerbates the condition. The Unani approach underscores the need to address these underlying causes through targeted dietary adjustments and regimenal practices, thereby promoting a healthier lifestyle that curtails the progression of obesity.

Conclusion

In summary, the management of Saman-e-Mufrit (obesity) within the Unani system of medicine showcases a multifaceted approach that integrates diet therapy and regimenal therapy. As obesity continues to pose significant health risks globally, the Unani methods provide alternative strategies that are evidence-based and time-tested. With a focus on correcting dietary habits and implementing systematic lifestyle changes, Unani medicine presents a viable approach to tackling this modern epidemic. However, further clinical trials and research are necessary to validate the efficacy and safety of these treatments comprehensively. By embracing these holistic strategies, we can enhance public health outcomes and reduce the economic burden associated with lifestyle disorders like obesity.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Saman-e-Mufrit and how is it defined?

Saman-e-Mufrit, or obesity, refers to abnormal fat accumulation in the body that poses health risks. It is a significant public health concern globally and is characterized by excessive fat that can impair health.

What are the primary causes of obesity according to Unani medicine?

Unani medicine identifies factors such as unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, excessive sleep, and consumption of fatty foods as key causes contributing to Saman-e-Mufrit or obesity.

What are effective strategies for managing obesity in Unani medicine?

Management in Unani medicine includes Ilaj bil Ghiza (diet therapy), Ilaj bil Tadbeer (regimen therapy), and lifestyle modifications, emphasizing dietary changes and physical activity for better health.

What are the complications associated with Saman-e-Mufrit?

Obesity can lead to serious complications like breathlessness, cardiovascular diseases, fertility issues, and increased risk of stroke. These health issues can substantially affect overall quality of life.

How does Unani medicine recommend preventing obesity?

Prevention strategies in Unani medicine focus on a healthy diet, physical exercise, avoiding sedentary lifestyles, and consuming foods that can help maintain a balanced bodily humor.

What role does diet play in managing obesity according to Unani principles?

Diet is crucial in Unani medicine for managing obesity. It emphasizes consuming nutrient-dense but less caloric foods to encourage satiety while minimizing fat accumulation in the body.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Dieto-regimenal approach for the management of saman-e-mufrit (obesity)”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Diet:
Diet refers to the sum of food and drink consumed by individuals, significantly influencing their health. The concept emphasizes the need for balanced nutrition to prevent and manage obesity, particularly in Unani medicine. It advocates regulated food intake, highlighting the importance of low-fat, nutritious options to combat excessive weight gain.

2) Medicine:
Medicines are recognized therapeutic agents used to prevent or treat illnesses. While conventional medicines exist for obesity, Unani practices favor natural therapies and lifestyle changes, highlighting the importance of dietary adjustments and holistic health in managing weight effectively.

3) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, serves as a notable center for healthcare, research, and education, including the traditional practices of Unani medicine. The city's institutions contribute significantly to the study and promotion of alternative medicine practices, reflecting a blend of modern and ancient healing methodologies.

4) Food:
Food is fundamental to human survival, providing necessary nutrients and energy. In the context of managing obesity, it plays a critical role in dietary therapy, where selection and preparation of food can enhance health. Unani principles stress a proper balance in food choices to address body temperaments and conditions.

5) New Delhi:
As the political and administrative capital of India, New Delhi also acts as a hub for advancements in healthcare, including Unani practices. The research institutions in New Delhi are instrumental in disseminating knowledge on traditional medicine, playing a vital role in addressing public health issues like obesity.

6) Disease:
Diseases denote a wide array of health issues affecting individuals. The prevalence of diseases like obesity necessitates practical therapeutic approaches. In Unani medicine, managing such diseases involves regimens that integrate dietary modifications, physical activity, and holistic principles aimed at enhancing overall well-being.

7) Meat:
Meat is a significant source of protein and other nutrients. However, in managing obesity, its consumption needs regulation. Unani principles suggest moderating meat intake, particularly fatty types, to prevent excessive weight gain. Dietary strategies in Unani medicine focus on balancing nutrients to support health.

8) Blood:
Blood is essential for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products in the body. In Unani medicine, the quality and composition of blood are linked to overall health. Issues like obesity can lead to imbalances in blood quality, necessitating dietary and regimenal therapies to restore physiological harmony.

9) India:
India is characterized by its diverse cultural practices, including various systems of medicine. The Unani system is one of the traditional medical practices prominent in the country, emphasizing holistic and preventive healthcare approaches to issues like obesity, integrating diet and lifestyle modifications into treatment strategies.

10) Water:
Water is crucial for various bodily functions, including digestion and metabolism. Adequate hydration supports health and aids in the management of obesity. Unani practices advocate the consumption of water, particularly warm water, post meals to facilitate digestion and help in weight management.

11) Curd:
Curd, a dairy product, is valued in Unani medicine for its probiotic benefits. It aids in digestion and balances body moisture, making it beneficial for individuals managing obesity. Regular consumption can support gut health and enhance nutrient absorption, thus contributing positively to weight management efforts.

12) Milk:
Milk is a vital nutrient source, providing protein, calcium, and other essential vitamins. In dietary therapy for obesity, its consumption is regulated. Unani principles view milk as beneficial but recommend careful management of its quantity and quality to prevent excess fat accumulation in the body.

13) Rice (Rce):
Rice serves as a staple carbohydrate source in many diets. While it provides energy, Unani dietary recommendations suggest moderation in its consumption for those managing obesity. Choosing whole grain varieties and appropriate portion sizes can help maintain energy balance and support weight loss.

14) Activity:
Activity, referring to physical movement, is crucial for maintaining healthy body weight. In managing obesity, regular physical exercise is recommended to promote energy expenditure. Unani medicine emphasizes regimenal therapies that include physical activities to enhance metabolic processes and support overall health.

15) Death:
Death is a serious consequence of uncontrolled obesity, associated with various health issues. Unani medicine highlights the correlation between obesity and premature mortality, stressing the need for lifestyle modifications, dietary control, and regular physical activity to mitigate health risks and promote longevity.

16) Drug:
Drug refers to a specific substance used in the treatment of a disease or health condition. Despite the availability of drugs for obesity treatment, Unani medicine emphasizes dietary and lifestyle modifications as first-line therapies, advocating holistic management strategies with reduced reliance on chemical interventions.

17) Cina:
Sina refers to Ibn Sina, a renowned Persian polymath whose works significantly influenced medical science, including Unani medicine. His contributions include insights into the treatment of disorders such as obesity, advocating for preventative measures and lifestyle interventions, forming the basis of modern holistic practices.

18) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated refers to the gathering of substances, such as fat, in the body, often leading to health issues like obesity. Unani medicine emphasizes understanding the causes of accumulation and promotes interventions that focus on prevention and reduction methods to manage body weight effectively.

19) Measurement:
Measurement in health involves assessing body parameters like weight and BMI to identify obesity. Accurate measurement is essential for tailoring interventions in Unani medicine, allowing practitioners to recommend appropriate dietary changes and lifestyle modifications for better health outcomes.

20) Siman:
Siman, or 'Saman-e-Mufrit', is the Unani term for obesity, referring to excessive fat accumulation that poses health risks. Understanding this concept within Unani medicine helps practitioners devise targeted therapies, emphasizing lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments to prevent and treat obesity effectively.

21) Soya:
Soya is a nutrient-rich food known for its high protein and healthy fat content. In the context of weight management, it can serve as a valuable dietary component in Unani therapy, promoting satiety and helping reduce overall caloric intake when incorporated into balanced meals.

22) Pomegranate:
Pomegranate is regarded for its rich antioxidant properties and health benefits in traditional medicine. In managing obesity, its inclusion in the diet is encouraged due to its potential to support metabolism and promote fat loss, aligning with the principles of Unani dietary therapy.

23) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Buttermilk is a fermented dairy product, recognized in Unani practices for aiding digestion and detoxification. Its consumption can facilitate weight management by enhancing gut health and promoting a feeling of fullness, making it a beneficial addition to the diets of those managing obesity.

24) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating, as a natural bodily process, is integral in detoxification and weight loss. In Unani medicine, practices inducing sweating, such as hammam or exercise, are utilized to promote fat loss and improve overall health, addressing obesity tied to lifestyle and temperamental imbalances.

25) House:
House, in this context, symbolizes the home environment where dietary habits and health behaviors are established. A supportive home atmosphere promotes healthy eating practices and physical activities, essential for managing obesity and fostering a lifestyle conducive to health and well-being.

26) Life:
Life pertains to the overall experience of health and wellness, heavily influenced by lifestyle choices. Managing obesity effectively contributes to improved quality of life, with Unani medicine advocating for a balanced approach through diet and activity, emphasizing the integration of healthful habits into daily routines.

27) Science (Scientific):
Science denotes the pursuit of knowledge through systematic observation and experimentation. In relation to obesity treatment, Unani medicine incorporates scientific principles in understanding health dynamics, reinforcing the need for validated methodologies in dietary and lifestyle interventions to achieve effective health management.

28) Quality:
Quality is essential in defining the nutritional value of food consumed. Unani medicine emphasizes the importance of high-quality, nutritious foods in dietary management to achieve optimal health outcomes, particularly in addressing obesity, which necessitates careful selection and preparation of meals.

29) Family:
Family significantly impacts lifestyle choices, including diet and physical activities. In the context of managing obesity, supportive family structures can encourage healthy habits, fostering an environment conducive to weight loss and overall wellness, underscoring the role of social dynamics in health outcomes.

30) Reason:
Reason indicates the justification behind dietary recommendations and health practices. In Unani medicine, understanding the reasons for certain food choices and lifestyle modifications is fundamental to developing effective strategies for managing obesity and correlating related health risks in affected individuals.

31) Barley:
Barley, a whole grain, is considered beneficial in nutritional therapy for its high fiber content and low caloric density. In managing obesity, incorporating barley into the diet aligns with Unani principles that favor wholesome, minimally processed grains, facilitating better digestion and weight control.

32) Madda:
Madda refers to matter or substance within the body, crucial in understanding the accumulation of harmful elements leading to health disorders. In Unani healthcare, addressing the imbalance of madda supports methodologies aimed at detoxification and restoring physiological equilibrium, particularly regarding obesity.

33) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush refers to the Indian government's initiative to promote traditional medicine systems, including Unani. The support for Ayush demonstrates the recognition of holistic approaches in healthcare, particularly important in addressing lifestyle disorders like obesity through integrated dietary and regimenal therapies.

34) Sahi:
Shahi refers to the royal or esteemed nature of certain practices or products. In the context of food and dietary interventions in Unani medicine, 'Shahi' may imply the revered categorization of wholesome and nutritious foods that are specially advocated for optimal health.

35) Citta (Chitta):
Sitta refers to the six essential requisites in Unani medicine for maintaining health and preventing disease. These requisites emphasize the interplay of diet, exercise, sleep, and other lifestyle factors, guiding therapeutic practices aimed at addressing obesity and promoting overall well-being.

36) Soup:
Soup, as a liquid dish, can be a beneficial component of a weight-loss diet due to its hydrating properties and ability to promote satiety. Unani dietary recommendations may include soup made from low-calorie, nutrient-dense ingredients to support weight management and health.

37) Wine:
Wines, often consumed socially, can have health implications when consumed excessively. Unani practices highlight the importance of moderation in alcoholic beverages, including wines, to prevent obesity and maintain overall health, advocating for balanced dietary choices to mitigate weight-related risks.

38) Oil:
Oils can be significant in dietary sources of fats; however, their types and quantities are crucial in managing obesity. Unani medicine emphasizes the use of oils with health benefits while advocating moderation in consumption to ensure a balanced approach in dietary therapy.

39) Coconut water:
Coconut water, a hydrating beverage, is low in calories and high in electrolytes, making it a favorable option in dietary plans for weight management. Its inclusion in Unani practices provides hydration and replenishment of essential nutrients, supporting overall health while managing obesity.

40) Human body:
The human body is intrinsically interconnected, with various systems influencing overall health. Unani medicine views it as a holistic entity, emphasizing balance within body systems for effective management of conditions like obesity through diet, lifestyle changes, and natural therapies.

41) Pharmacotherapy:
Pharmacotherapy involves medication-based treatment for diseases. In addressing obesity, while pharmacotherapy is an option, Unani medicine prioritizes dietary and regimenal approaches, favoring natural treatments and preventive strategies to enhance health without relying primarily on drug interventions.

42) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drug effects on biological systems. In the context of obesity management, understanding pharmacological aspects allows for a comparison of medication versus natural therapies. Unani medicine often advocates for less pharmacological solutions, focusing on dietary modifications.

43) Developing:
Developing pertains to the process of growth or progression. In terms of obesity, developing strategies within Unani practices indicates the continuous evolution of treatment methodologies aimed at addressing increasing health concerns associated with lifestyle changes and dietary habits.

44) Alcoholism:
Alcoholism involves the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, contributing to various health complications, including obesity. Unani medicine identifies alcohol as a risk factor, promoting lifestyle modifications and dietary controls to mitigate its effects and support weight management.

45) Substance:
Substance refers to any matter that has mass and occupies space, including foods and nutrients. In the context of managing obesity, the type and quality of substances consumed are vital for providing adequate nutrition and avoiding excess calories, aligning with Unani dietary therapies.

46) Aristotle:
Aristotle, an ancient philosopher, contributed to the understanding of health and lifestyle balance. His teachings support the Unani approach, emphasizing moderation in diet and activity as essential components of a healthy life, particularly relevant in combating conditions like obesity.

47) Resolving:
Resolving relates to the process of alleviating or addressing an issue. In Unani medicine, resolving harmful factors contributing to obesity, such as excessive fats or poor dietary habits, is a primary focus of therapeutic approaches involving diet and lifestyle changes.

48) Listening:
Listening can relate to attentiveness in understanding dietary advice and health guidance. In managing obesity, patients are encouraged to listen to health professionals' recommendations, fostering better adherence to diet and lifestyle interventions as part of a holistic treatment regime.

49) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a physiological response often associated with various health issues, including poor dietary choices. In the realm of managing obesity, understanding the triggers for vomiting can inform dietary interventions that promote gut health and better management of body weight.

50) Epidemic:
Epidemic refers to a widespread occurrence of a disease in a community. The rise of obesity is often termed an epidemic, requiring urgent public health responses. Unani medicine emphasizes preventative strategies, integrating dietary and lifestyle changes to combat this growing health crisis.

51) Mineral:
Mineral is a specific type of naturally occurring substance vital for health. In the context of obesity management, ensuring adequate mineral intake can support metabolic functions, making Unani dietary recommendations increasingly relevant in preventing nutrient deficiencies and promoting weight loss.

52) Lucknow:
Lucknow is a significant city in India with a rich heritage, including traditional practices in medical sciences. As a cultural hub, it contributes to the promotion and understanding of Unani medicine, especially in relation to managing health conditions like obesity through dietary interventions.

53) Mustard:
Mustard refers to a plant-based ingredient often used in cooking. In managing obesity, foods like mustard may play a role due to their potential health benefits, including aiding digestion and supporting metabolic processes, aligning with the dietary principles of Unani medicine.

54) Coconut (Cocoanut):
Coconut is valued for its health benefits, including hydration and nutritious content. In Unani dietary practices, coconut may be recommended for its low-calorie properties, promoting satiety and supporting weight loss efforts, aligning with holistic health management strategies.

55) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn indicates the process of utilizing energy, particularly in reference to fat metabolism. In managing obesity, promoting the body's capacity to 'burn' excess fat through diet and exercise is vital, a principle supported by Unani approaches that focus on metabolic enhancement.

56) Animal:
Animal refers to living organisms from which certain foods, including meat and dairy, are derived. Managing animal-derived food intake is essential in dietary strategies for obesity, emphasizing moderation and healthy selection within Unani dietary guidelines to prevent excessive fat accumulation.

57) Siddha:
Siddha is another traditional healing system in India, similar to Unani. Both practices emphasize holistic health approaches, including diet and lifestyle interventions for managing conditions like obesity, recognizing the need for integrative practices to effectively address lifestyle-related health concerns.

58) Cancer:
Cancer is a severe disease often linked to lifestyle factors, including obesity. Unani medicine recognizes the connection between excess body weight and increased cancer risk, advocating for preventative measures through dietary management and lifestyle modifications to mitigate such health threats.

59) Garlic:
Garlic is a widely recognized medicinal food with numerous health benefits, including potential weight loss support. In Unani practices, garlic may be included in dietary recommendations for managing obesity, owing to its ability to enhance metabolism and improve overall digestive health.

60) Nature:
Nature signifies the inherent qualities and environmental conditions influencing health. In Unani medicine, understanding nature's role helps shape dietary and lifestyle choices conducive to health, promoting harmony between lifestyle practices and natural rhythms to mitigate conditions like obesity.

61) Powder:
Powder usually refers to ground substances used in culinary and medicinal practices. In the context of dietary therapies for obesity, the use of powdered herbs or spices can enhance flavor and provide health benefits, aligning with Unani principles of incorporating whole, natural ingredients into diets.

62) Desire:
Desire represents the psychological aspect influencing food intake and appetite. In Unani medicine, understanding patient desire can assist in tailoring dietary recommendations and interventions that promote healthier choices, helping individuals manage obesity effectively through mindful eating practices.

63) Salt (Salty):
Salt is essential for bodily functions but can exacerbate water retention and contribute to obesity when consumed in excess. Unani medicine suggests moderation of salt intake to promote balanced diets, highlighting the need to manage dietary sodium for optimal health and weight control.

64) Phlegm:
Phlegm is a biological substance often linked to health imbalances. In Unani medicine, an excess of phlegm is associated with conditions like obesity, influencing dietary and lifestyle choices. It underscores the need for food that supports balance and reduces phlegm accumulation in the body.

65) Shakta (Sakta):
Sakta refers to syncope or fainting, which can occur due to various health factors, including obesity. Understanding the relationship between Sakta and excessive weight emphasizes the need for effective weight management strategies, highlighting Unani medicine's focus on holistic health approaches.

66) Glass:
Glass is a common container used for drinking fluids, emphasizing the importance of hydration in managing health. Drinking adequate water and other healthy beverages from glass containers can support weight management efforts, aligning with Unani practices advocating hydration for optimal metabolic function.

67) Kabir:
Kabir may refer to significant historical figures or concepts associated with tradition and culture. In the context of medicine, reflecting on historical insights can provide valuable lessons for contemporary practices, such as integrating traditional knowledge in handling modern health issues like obesity.

68) Music:
Music can affect emotional well-being, influencing lifestyle choices, including diet and physical activity. In Unani medicine, avoiding distractions like music during meals is encouraged, promoting mindfulness and healthy eating practices as part of an overall approach to managing obesity.

69) Horse:
Horse symbolizes strength and activity. In relation to obesity management, promoting physical activities such as horse riding can be considered beneficial. Unani practices emphasize incorporating sufficient exercise into daily routines to facilitate weight loss and enhance overall health.

70) Sugar:
Sugar is a rapidly digestible carbohydrate associated with energy spikes. In managing obesity, Unani medicine advocates for reducing sugar intake as excessive consumption can lead to weight gain and related health issues. Choosing natural sugars from fruits is encouraged to maintain balanced blood sugar levels.

71) Fever:
Fever indicates the body’s response to infection or inflammation. In managing obesity, the relationship between metabolic rate and fever can inform dietary practices. Unani medicine acknowledges the importance of addressing fevers as part of overall health management strategies to enhance metabolic functions.

72) Mango:
Mango, a nutrient-rich fruit, is celebrated for its taste and health benefits. Incorporating mangoes into a balanced diet can aid in managing obesity, aligning with Unani practices that emphasize the role of nutritious fruits in promoting health and preventing excess weight.

73) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic examination of a subject, essential in advancing knowledge and practices in medicine. In Unani, ongoing study of dietary approaches and lifestyle interventions is crucial for improving obesity management strategies, reinforcing the need for research in traditional therapies.

74) Shana (Sana):
Sanaa refers to a historical context involving significant contributions to medicine and health. In Unani practices, recognizing figures from the past like Sanaa can inform current dietary and treatment strategies, promoting holistic approaches rooted in traditional wisdom for tackling modern health issues.

75) Amba:
Amba refers to mango in some languages, emphasizing the fruit's significance in diets for its health benefits. Popular in Unani practice, the consumption of mango aligns with dietary strategies aimed at weight management, leveraging its rich nutrient profile to promote wellness.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 86]

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