Review of natural superdisintegrants in orally dispersible tablets.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review on utilization of natural superdisintegrant in the advancement of orally dispersible tablet
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Dhanshree R. Tat, Naresh R. Jaiswal, Gitanjali C. Chavan, Prajakta N. Acharya and Maya M. Sonawane


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: A review on utilization of natural superdisintegrant in the advancement of orally dispersible tablet

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20229-24525


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Orally dispersible tablets (ODTs) are gaining popularity as an innovative drug delivery system, particularly for patients suffering from dysphagia, a condition that hampers the ability to swallow conventional tablets. These tablets dissolve quickly in saliva without the need for water, leading to rapid drug absorption and enhanced bioavailability. Traditional synthetic disintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate have been used in ODT formulations; however, there is a growing interest in natural superdisintegrants due to their non-toxic, biodegradable, and economically favorable properties. This review highlights the significance of various natural superdisintegrants, advocating their advantages over synthetic alternatives in the formulation of ODTs.

Superdisintegrant Mechanism and Functionality

Superdisintegrants play a critical role in facilitating the breakup of tablets into smaller particles, which enhances drug release and absorption. They function through various mechanisms, including swelling, porosity, capillary action, particle repulsive forces, and enzymatic reactions within the body. The primary action involves water penetration, leading to swelling that creates internal pressure, causing the tablet to disintegrate. Additionally, the presence of natural superdisintegrants can produce a soft paste as they encounter saliva, promoting a faster onset of action. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively utilizing superdisintegrants in tablet formulation.

Benefits of Natural Superdisintegrants

Research indicates that natural superdisintegrants—such as Plantago ovata, Fenugreek, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and Guar gum—exhibit superior properties compared to synthetic alternatives. They not only provide effective disintegration but are also more compatible with active pharmaceutical ingredients due to their natural origin. For instance, Plantago ovata mucilage demonstrated a higher swelling index and superior disintegration capacity compared to synthetic options in various studies. The incorporation of these natural agents not only enhances the tablet's performance but also aligns with environmentally sustainable practices due to their biodegradable nature.

Comparative Performance of Specific Natural Superdisintegrants

Among the various natural superdisintegrants studied, Plantago ovata mucilage consistently outperformed its synthetic counterparts. In formulations containing Trimetazidine hydrochloride, the mucilage proved to be more effective than sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium, resulting in improved disintegration times and drug release profiles. Similarly, other natural disintegrants like Fenugreek and Guar gum also exhibited favorable characteristics, with Fenugreek mucilage showcasing a high swelling capacity and Guar gum providing excellent binding and thickening properties. This suggests that natural superdisintegrants can significantly enhance the efficacy and patient acceptance of ODTs.

Conclusion

The exploration and utilization of natural superdisintegrants in orally dispersible tablets hold promise for advancing pharmaceutical formulations. With benefits including ease of access, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxic characteristics, these natural agents provide a viable alternative to synthetic disintegrants. The ongoing research indicates that natural superdisintegrants not only meet the technical requirements for effective tablet formulations but also contribute to better patient compliance, especially for those with swallowing difficulties. Emphasizing their role could lead to significant improvements in drug delivery systems, maximizing therapeutic outcomes for various patient populations.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are orally dispersible tablets and their benefits?

Orally dispersible tablets dissolve quickly in saliva without water, solving dysphagia issues. They offer fast drug absorption, improved bioavailability, and enhanced patient compliance, making them suitable for elderly and pediatric patients.

Why are natural superdisintegrants preferred over synthetic ones?

Natural superdisintegrants are non-toxic, economical, and biodegradable, making them safer and environmentally friendly. They also have compatibility with excipients and can be chemically modified for specific drug delivery requirements.

What are the common mechanisms of action of superdisintegrants?

Superdisintegrants work by mechanisms such as swelling, capillary action, particle repulsive force, and deformation recovery. These actions help the tablet to disintegrate rapidly in saliva, enhancing drug absorption.

Can you name some natural superdisintegrants mentioned in the review?

Some natural superdisintegrants include Plantago ovata, Fenugreek mucilage, Guar gum, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. These have shown effective disintegration properties in orally dispersible tablet formulations.

What is the role of superdisintegrants in drug formulation?

Superdisintegrants facilitate the breakdown of tablets into smaller particles, speeding up dissolution and absorption. Their effective incorporation is crucial for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

What advantages do orally dispersible tablets offer for patients?

Orally dispersible tablets provide a good mouth feel, ease of administration, increased bioavailability, and accurate dosing. They are particularly beneficial for patients who have difficulty swallowing traditional tablets.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review of natural superdisintegrants in orally dispersible tablets.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
Drugs, in the plural form, encompass a wide range of active pharmaceutical ingredients used for medicinal purposes. Effective drug formulations, including orally dispersible tablets, rely on the right choice of excipients, such as superdisintegrants, which enhance their efficacy through improved absorption.

2) Fenugreek:
Fenugreek is a herb widely recognized for its various health benefits, particularly its high mucilage content. This mucilage makes fenugreek seeds an effective natural superdisintegrant in oral tablets, promoting faster disintegration and drug release, thus enhancing bioavailability for medications that require quick action.

3) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent that facilitates various chemical processes and is integral to the functioning of disintegrants. In the context of orally dispersible tablets, water penetration triggers the disintegration of the tablet, allowing for rapid absorption of the drug, thereby enhancing its bioavailability.

4) Swelling:
Swelling is a key mechanism utilized by superdisintegrants, where particles expand upon contact with moisture. This expansion contributes to the breakup of the tablet matrix, promoting faster disintegration. The effectiveness of many natural superdisintegrants, like Plantago ovata, hinges on their ability to swell when hydrated.

5) Powder:
Powder refers to the fine, dry particles obtained from grinding solid substances, crucial for tablet formulation as they influence the tablet's weight, consistency, and disintegration properties. Different powders, including natural superdisintegrants, define the physico-chemical characteristics that directly affect drug release rates.

6) Mangifera indica:
Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, provides a natural source of mucilage that exhibits beneficial properties for pharmaceutical formulations. The mucilage is noted for its gelling and disintegrating abilities, making mango-derived substances pivotal in enhancing the performance of orally dispersible tablets.

7) Nature:
Nature refers to naturally occurring substances, which are increasingly favored in drug formulation due to their non-toxic and biodegradable characteristics. Natural superdisintegrants, derived from plants, are advantageous over synthetic ones as they tend to be more compatible with other excipients, promoting patient safety and efficacy.

8) Family:
In botanical terms, 'family' categorizes a group of related plants, such as the Malvaceae family, to which Hibiscus rosa-sinensis belongs. Studying the family and related properties of various natural superdisintegrants helps understand their medicinal and pharmaceutical applications.

9) Mango:
Mango, or Mangifera indica, is not just a popular fruit; its extracts are used in pharmaceuticals for their mucilage content. This mucilage serves as a natural superdisintegrant, aiding in the quick dissolution of tablets, thus contributing to improved drug absorption and therapeutic efficacy.

10) Medium:
Medium refers to the environment that impacts chemical interactions in formulations. In the context of orally dispersible tablets, an aqueous medium facilitates the interaction of superdisintegrants and drugs, allowing effective disintegration and subsequent absorption. A favorable medium is essential for enhancing bioavailability.

11) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of natural superdisintegrants, their properties, and effectiveness in drug formulations. Research in this area explores various factors, such as comparative performances of different superdisintegrants, which can help refine drug formulation practices and enhance therapeutic outcomes.

12) Food:
Food sources contribute significantly to the availability of natural mucilages used as superdisintegrants in drug formulations. Natural substances from edible plants are preferred due to their acceptance and safety profiles, making them suitable not only for dietary use but for pharmaceutical applications as well.

13) Activity:
Activity in a pharmaceutical context pertains to the biological effects or actions of a substance, including its efficacy as a disintegrant. The activity of natural superdisintegrants determines their effectiveness in enhancing drug release and absorption, impacting the overall therapeutic outcome.

14) Science (Scientific):
Science represents a methodical approach to understanding natural phenomena and material properties, guiding pharmaceutical development. Research in pharmaceutical sciences, including studies of natural superdisintegrants, plays a crucial role in advancing drug formulation techniques, affecting bioavailability and patient compliance.

15) Biodegradable:
Biodegradable refers to substances that can be broken down by natural processes, making them environmentally friendly. Natural superdisintegrants, being biodegradable, are increasingly favored over synthetic alternatives due to their reduced ecological impact and enhanced compatibility with biological systems.

16) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformed indicates a change in state or form, particularly in reference to substances that can be altered for specific applications. In drug formulation, natural materials like mucilages can be transformed into effective excipients, enhancing drug delivery systems and therapeutic effects.

17) Developing:
Developing refers to the active process of creating or refining pharmacological formulations, including orally dispersible tablets. The ongoing development focuses on optimizing the use of natural superdisintegrants, enhancing tablets' disintegration properties, and thus improving patient outcomes through better drug delivery.

18) Swallowing:
Swallowing is a critical function affecting patient medication adherence, particularly among populations with dysphagia. Orally dispersible tablets address swallowing difficulties, providing a convenient alternative that dissolves quickly in the mouth, promoting better compliance, especially for elderly or pediatric patients.

19) Substance:
A substance is a distinct material with specified characteristics, significant in pharmaceutical contexts for excipients and active ingredients. Proper selection and characterization of various substances, including natural superdisintegrants, are essential for optimizing drug formulations and enhancing their therapeutic efficacy.

20) Madathil:
Madathil refers to an author featured in the referenced research articles concerning the evaluation of fast-dissolving tablets. This highlights the collaborative nature of scientific research, where multiple authors contribute insights into the formulation and efficacy of orodispersible tablets and their components.

21) Madhavi:
Madhavi indicates a contributing author in research literature discussing advancements in drug delivery systems, particularly in formulating innovative orally dispersible tablets. Collaboration among researchers like Madhavi is crucial to advancing pharmaceutical methodologies and enhancing understanding of superdisintegrants’ roles.

22) Quality:
Quality pertains to the inherent attributes of a formulation, impacting its safety and effectiveness. In pharmaceuticals, ensuring the quality of superdisintegrants is essential to guarantee that orally dispersible tablets perform satisfactorily in terms of disintegration time and drug release characteristics.

23) Gelatin:
Gelatin is a natural polymer derived from collagen that has multiple applications in foods and pharmaceuticals. While not directly discussed, it serves as an example of materials that can be used for binding or gelling in drug formulations, illustrating the diversity of excipients.

24) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is an author mentioned in the context of studies dealing with fast-dissolving tablets. This underscores the collective effort in pharmaceutical research to understand and improve drug delivery systems, especially focusing on the efficacy of superdisintegrants in enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

25) Indian:
Indian refers to the geographical and cultural context of many herbal substances, including natural superdisintegrants, that are explored for their pharmaceutical applications. The utilization of Indian plants significantly contributes to the body of research surrounding natural alternatives to synthetic compounds.

26) Sagar (Sagár):
Sagar signifies an author involved in research related to mouth dissolving tablets. This highlights the collaborative nature of scientific research and the shared contributions that help in understanding the formulation and evaluation of innovative drug delivery systems.

27) Kumar:
Kumar is another contributing author referenced in the provided literature. His research adds to the body of knowledge concerning developing and evaluating effective formulations like fast-dissolving tablets, emphasizing the importance of collaboration in pharmaceutical research.

28) Patel:
Patel represents an author who contributed to the publication regarding fast-dissolving tablets. This inclusion illustrates the collaborative effort in pharmaceutical research aimed at enhancing formulations by analyzing the effectiveness of natural versus synthetic disintegrants.

29) Table:
A table refers to a structured data presentation, often summing up experimental results or key findings. In scientific articles, tables organize important information regarding formulations, properties, and comparisons of superdisintegrants, aiding readers in quickly understanding results and conclusions.

30) House:
House refers to a publishing entity, often linked to academic or pharmaceutical literature. In this context, it may indicate a publishing house where research articles are disseminated, playing a pivotal role in communicating advancements in drug formulation and therapeutic development.

31) Cina:
China, referring to the region, is often associated with various herbal traditions and natural substances utilized in pharmaceuticals. The presence of herbs and plants found in China further enriches the study of natural superdisintegrants and their potential as viable excipients.

32) Wall:
Wall signifies a physical barrier impacting the absorption and bioavailability of drugs. Overcoming these barriers is crucial in drug formulation, which can be aided by natural superdisintegrants that enhance disintegration in the oral cavity, improving therapeutic effectiveness.

33) Maya (Maya°):
Maya is listed as an author contributing to the study of orally dispersible tablets. Her work emphasizes the importance of multi-author collaborations in advancing scientific research, particularly in understanding the properties of natural superdisintegrants and their applications in drug formulations.

34) Tree:
Tree refers to the natural source from which various plant materials are derived for use in pharmaceuticals. Understanding the role of tree-derived substances is significant in exploring natural excipients, such as gums and mucilages that serve as effective superdisintegrants.

35) Pur:
Poor, in this context, can refer to inadequate efficacy or unfavorable properties of certain synthetic disintegrants compared to natural alternatives. Research aims at identifying natural superdisintegrants that outperform synthetic options to enhance drug delivery systems and patient outcomes.

36) Life:
Life symbolizes the broader context within which pharmaceuticals operate, influencing product development. The development of effective drug delivery systems supports better health outcomes, reflecting the ultimate aim of pharmaceutical sciences in enhancing the quality of life for patients.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Review of natural superdisintegrants in orally dispersible tablets.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Dysphagia, Bioavailability, Drug delivery system, Patient compliance.

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