Study on apamarga kshara sutra vs. chedana karma for bhagandara.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: An open labeled randamised comparative clinical study to evaluate the effect of apamarga kshara sutra and chedana karma in the management of bhagandara
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Kiran Kumar, B. S. Savadi, Sangameshwara H. and Lohit K.
Download the PDF file of the original publication
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: An open labeled randamised comparative clinical study to evaluate the effect of apamarga kshara sutra and chedana karma in the management of bhagandara
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202212-25250
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates two treatment modalities for Fistula-in-Ano, known in Ayurveda as Bhagandara, focusing on Apamarga Kshara Sutra and Chedana Karma. The research, conducted on 40 patients, compares the effectiveness of these methods in managing the disease, characterized by a chronic abnormal communication between the anal canal and the surrounding skin. Given the complexities of this condition and the current challenges in treatment efficacy, this comparative analysis aims to provide insights into the relative merits of these modalities over a six-month duration.
Effectiveness of Apamarga Kshara Sutra
Apamarga Kshara Sutra, a traditional Ayurvedic treatment, demonstrated significant improvements in symptoms across the study's duration. Initially, pain measured at 1.95 (mean ± SD: 0.826) reduced to a striking 0.10 (mean ± SD: 0.308) at the end of treatment. Statistical analysis confirmed that this reduction was highly significant, particularly noteworthy in the third week. The sequential application of Kshara Sutra, which involves the cutting and draining of the fistula, effectively reduced both pain and discharge, leveraging its shodhana (cleansing) properties. This therapeutic approach resulted in an overall positive outcome, supporting its use as a reliable treatment in managing Bhagandara.
Chedana Karma: A Surgical Approach
Chedana Karma, or surgical excision of the fistulous tract, was also assessed for its effectiveness. Initial assessments showed a pain level of 2.45 (mean ± SD: 0.826), which decreased post-treatment to 0.05 (mean ± SD: 0.224). Despite not showing significant reduction in the first two weeks, patients experienced substantial improvements later in the treatment. The surgical nature of Chedana Karma allowed for the complete removal of unhealthy tissue, fostering quicker healing compared to the prolonged nature of Kshara Sutra changing. This approach aligns with the principles laid out in ancient texts, positioning it as a valuable alternative in clinical practice.
Comparative Analysis and Statistical Significance
When comparing the outcomes of both treatments, the statistical analysis revealed that while Chedana Karma had slightly higher overall significance in reducing pain and promoting healing (size of the fistula), Apamarga Kshara Sutra proved to offer significant symptom relief as well. In terms of discharge, both treatments showed highly significant results by the end of the study. However, the discomfort associated with regular Kshara Sutra applications led to a differential in patient experience, suggesting that while both treatments are effective, Chedana Karma may offer a more straightforward path to healing with lower ongoing patient discomfort.
Conclusion
The study concludes that both Apamarga Kshara Sutra and Chedana Karma are effective in the management of Bhagandara, yet Chedana Karma appears to provide slightly better outcomes in terms of healing speed and patient comfort. Apamarga Kshara Sutra proved beneficial in symptom management, particularly concerning pain and discharge, hence establishing its value in the clinical setting. However, considering the overall treatment experience, Chedana Karma presents itself as a more efficient option for patients suffering from this condition, highlighting the importance of patient-centered approaches in treatment selection. Overall, this research advances the understanding of these Ayurvedic therapies and their roles in modern medical practice.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the primary objective of the study conducted by Kumar et al.?
The primary objective of the study was to compare the effects of Apamarga Kshara sutra and Chedana Karma in managing Bhagandara (Fistula-in-Ano), focusing on symptoms like pain, discharge, and wound size.
What type of study design was utilized for this research?
The study employed an open labeled randomized comparative clinical study design involving 40 patients diagnosed with Bhagandara, divided into two groups for different treatment interventions.
What were the key findings regarding pain reduction in the treatments?
Both treatment groups experienced pain reduction, but Apamarga Kshara sutra showed significant effects immediately after application, while Chedana Karma had moderate significance later in treatment.
How was the discharge assessed among the patients in both groups?
Discharge was assessed before and after treatments using a repeated measures ANOVA test, with both groups showing significant reductions, particularly Apamarga Kshara sutra which effectively drained pus.
What conclusions were drawn regarding the size of the wounds treated?
The study concluded that both treatments significantly reduced wound size, with Chedana Karma demonstrating slightly more effectiveness in early healing compared to Apamarga Kshara sutra.
What were the overall responses to the treatments as per the study?
Overall, Apamarga Kshara sutra achieved a 55% complete response while Chedana Karma reached 85%, indicating that Chedana Karma may be superior in managing Bhagandara.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study on apamarga kshara sutra vs. chedana karma for bhagandara.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara refers to the alkaline substance derived from certain plants, used in Ayurveda for its therapeutic properties, particularly for treating conditions like fistula. It plays a crucial role in the management of diseases by enhancing healing processes and reducing inflammation.
2) Karma (Karman):
Karma in Ayurveda signifies the action or procedure undertaken as part of the treatment process. Different karmas are employed for addressing specific ailments, including surgical interventions, dietary changes, or herbal remedies, highlighting the diverse therapeutic strategies in Ayurvedic practice.
3) Chedana:
Chedana translates to excision or surgical removal in Ayurveda, particularly of a pathological tissue or growth. It forms a critical part of managing conditions like Bhagandara by removing unhealthy tissue to facilitate healing, underscoring the surgical dimensions of Ayurvedic treatment.
4) Sutra:
Sutra refers to a thread or a formula, often used in Ayurvedic context to denote guidelines, standards, or methodologies for treatments. Sutras encapsulate complex medical concepts succinctly and guide practitioners in implementing effective therapeutic strategies.
5) Pain:
Pain is a fundamental symptom and a key parameter in evaluating the efficacy of treatments in both modern medicine and Ayurveda. It is often assessed through scales, and managing pain is critical, influencing the patient's quality of life and recovery.
6) Ksharasutra (Ksarasutra, Kshara-sutra):
Ksharasutra refers to a specific therapy involving the application of a medicated thread. It's a prominent treatment for fistulas in Ayurveda, integrating principles of surgical intervention and herbal medicine to promote healing effectively and minimize recurrence.
7) Apamarga:
Apamarga refers to the plant Achyranthes aspera, known in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties. Its Kshara is used in therapeutic sutras, emphasizing its role in treatments for various ailments, especially those concerning wounds and abnormal growths.
8) Kumar:
Kumar is a common surname in India, often used in academic and clinical research. In this context, Kiran Kumar refers to the primary author leading the study on the comparative effects of Kshara sutra and Chedana karma on the management of Bhagandara.
9) Bhagandara (Bhagamdara):
Bhagandara is the Ayurvedic term for fistula-in-ano, a chronic condition characterized by an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the skin. Understanding its classification and treatment protocols is critical for successful management and patient outcomes in Ayurveda.
10) Table:
Table refers to organized presentations of data or results. In research articles, tables efficiently summarize findings, including statistical outcomes and treatment effects, aiding readers in comparing and assessing therapeutic efficacy across different treatment groups.
11) Observation:
An observation in a clinical context refers to the act of noting and recording specific signs, symptoms, or responses of patients. It forms the basis for evaluating treatment success and refining patient management strategies in Ayurveda.
12) Study (Studying):
A study involves systematic investigation and analysis of specific hypotheses or treatment modalities to generate new insights. In this context, the study examines the comparative efficacy of two treatments for a defined medical condition in Ayurvedic practice.
13) Cutting:
Cutting refers to surgical actions taken to excise diseased tissue. This technique is central to procedures like Chedana in Ayurveda, illustrating the integration of surgical methods within traditional therapeutic frameworks to promote healing and recovery.
14) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra is an essential branch of Ayurveda focused on surgical procedures and techniques. It encompasses the surgical management of various conditions, emphasizing the historical and practical aspects of surgery within traditional Indian medicine.
15) Tantra (Tantrism, Tamtra):
Tantra in Ayurveda refers to the studies or disciplines related to surgical practices. It underscores the systematic approach to surgery and its integration within the Ayurvedic healthcare setting, facilitating the treatment of complex medical conditions.
16) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya is a Sanskrit term related to surgery and invasive procedures in Ayurveda. It signifies both the surgical techniques and the specialized knowledge required for performing surgical interventions effectively and safely.
17) Pillai:
Pillai refers to a recognized name or designation in academic and clinical fields, often denoting the authorship or involvement in a study. In research contexts, this name signifies contributions toward advancing medical knowledge or practices.
18) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana signifies a cleansing or purificatory process in Ayurveda aimed at detoxifying the body. It is a vital aspect of treatment protocols that help restore balance and eradicate disease causative factors, enhancing overall health.
19) Disease:
Diseases are pathological conditions characterized by dysfunction or abnormality. In Ayurveda, understanding the nature of diseases is pivotal for creating individual-centered treatment plans that address the root causes and maintain balance.
20) Line:
Line refers to prescribed paths of treatment or methodologies established in traditional texts. In Ayurveda, it emphasizes the systematic application of treatment methods based on historical successes and established principles of healing.
21) Shoshana (Sosana):
Shoshana describes the drying or astringent qualities in Ayurveda that are utilized in certain treatments. This property is crucial for managing conditions marked by excess moisture or discharge, facilitating effective healing and balance restoration.
22) Discussion:
Discussion provides critical interpretations and analyses of research findings. In academic articles, it synthesizes data, compares results, addresses clinical implications, and offers recommendations for future research directions in the field of Ayurveda.
23) Langalaka:
Langalaka refers to a specific form or type of fistula categorized in Ayurvedic texts. Understanding its characteristics helps in choosing appropriate treatment methodologies that align with traditional classifications and therapeutic principles.
24) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing holistic health, balancing body, mind, and spirit through natural remedies, dietary practices, and lifestyle modifications. Its principles guide practitioners in diagnosing and treating diverse conditions effectively.
25) Swelling:
Swelling represents an abnormal enlargement of tissues, indicating inflammation or fluid retention. Monitoring swelling is crucial for evaluating the degree of injury or infection and determining the effectiveness of treatments in both acute and chronic conditions.
26) Ropana:
Ropana refers to the healing or restoring properties of a treatment. In Ayurveda, this term describes therapies aimed at promoting tissue regeneration and healing wounds through various modalities, including herbal applications and surgical interventions.
27) Katu:
Katu refers to a pungent or spicy taste in Ayurveda, associated with qualities that stimulate digestion and metabolism. In treatment formulations, Katu contributes to balancing doshas and enhancing the effectiveness of herbal remedies.
28) Guna:
Gunas refer to the intrinsic qualities present in substances that influence their effects on the body. In Ayurveda, understanding Gunas is crucial for diagnosis and selecting appropriate remedies tailored to individual imbalances.
29) Drug:
Drugs in an Ayurvedic context refer to plant-based or natural substances utilized for their therapeutic effects. The selection and preparation of drugs are essential for effectively treating various health conditions and supporting the healing process.
30) Life:
Life encompasses the holistic experience of living beings, combining physiological, psychological, and spiritual dimensions. In Ayurveda, understanding life and its dynamics is key to providing tailored healthcare solutions that align with individual needs.
31) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is frequently considered a symptom in various conditions, indicating irritation or inflammation. It requires careful assessment to identify underlying causes and inform appropriate treatment options within the Ayurvedic framework.
32) Vedanasthapana (Vedana-sthapana):
Vedanasthapana refers to pain relief methods in Ayurveda, encompassing both herbal remedies and therapeutic practices aimed at alleviating discomfort. Its significance reflects the system's commitment to improving patient quality of life through symptom management.
33) Vranashodhana (Vranasodhana, Vrana-shodhana):
Vrana-shodhana is a purification process specifically targeting wounds. It aims to cleanse infected or unhealthy tissues, promoting healing and recovery. This principle is vital to effective wound management practices in Ayurveda.
34) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs and other parts of the body. Understanding its implications is crucial in Ayurveda for devising holistic treatment approaches that consider both physiological and psychosocial aspects of care.
35) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, and swelling. In Ayurveda, managing inflammation is essential for restoring balance and facilitating healing through appropriate therapeutic measures.
36) Kushthaghna (Kusthaghna):
Kushthaghna refers to substances or treatments that combat skin conditions in Ayurveda. This term highlights the emphasis on dermal health and the use of specific herbs or formulations that alleviate various skin maladies.
37) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
Tridoshaja signifies conditions influenced by the three primary doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) in Ayurveda. Understanding Tridoshaja diseases is crucial for identifying imbalances and developing holistic management strategies tailored to individual constitutions.
38) Shothahara (Shotha-hara, Sothahara):
Shothahara denotes treatments or remedies specifically aimed at reducing swelling or edema. It reflects Ayurveda’s proactive approach to managing fluid retention and promoting detoxification as part of overall health improvement.
39) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India known for its rich cultural heritage and advancements in education and healthcare. It is home to numerous Ayurvedic institutions and practices that contribute to the dissemination and progression of traditional medicine.
40) Ashtavidha (Astavidha, Ashtan-vidha):
Astavidha refers to the eight distinct types or classifications of surgical procedures outlined in Ayurvedic texts. This classification aids practitioners in selecting appropriate surgical methods based on the nature of diseases and patient conditions.
41) Cleansing:
Cleansing is a fundamental aspect of Ayurvedic practices, denoting the removal of toxins and impurities from the body. It is often integrated into treatment protocols to enhance overall well-being and restore health equilibrium.
42) Attending:
Attending refers to the act of being present or involved, especially in the context of healthcare delivery. It emphasizes the responsibilities of practitioners to provide care and support to their patients throughout the treatment process.
43) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana is the singular form of Lakshanas, referring specifically to a distinct sign or symptom that characterizes a particular condition. Recognizing Lakshanas helps practitioners diagnose effectively and tailor treatments to individual patients.
44) Ksharana (Ksarana):
Ksharana refers to the process of dissolution or cutting, typically associated with therapies that enhance the healing of wounds or tissues in Ayurveda. It's vital for understanding the dynamics of various treatments and their therapeutic effects.
45) Agantuja (Agantu-ja):
Agantuja refers to external factors or influences that cause disease in Ayurveda. Recognizing these factors is crucial for developing preventative strategies and holistic treatment plans that address root causes of health issues.
46) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the practices, knowledge, and substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat illnesses. In Ayurveda, it integrates natural and holistic approaches, focusing on balancing body systems to restore health.
47) Activity:
Activity denotes various forms of physical or mental engagement integral to life and health. In Ayurveda, maintaining an active lifestyle is essential for overall wellness, influencing physical, mental, and spiritual health.
48) Dressing:
Dressing refers to the application of protective coverings or materials on wounds or affected areas. Proper dressing is critical for preventing infection, promoting healing, and supporting the overall recovery process in patients.
49) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra refers to sacred texts or scriptures that encompass knowledge in various disciplines including medicine. In Ayurveda, Shastras serve as foundational literature that outlines theoretical principles and practical applications in healing.
50) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja pertains to diseases characterized by an imbalance or excessive accumulation of Kapha dosha in Ayurveda. Understanding Kaphaja conditions is crucial for devising treatment strategies aimed at restoring dosha balance.
51) Pradesha (Pradesa):
Pradesa refers to specific regions or localized areas of the body in Ayurveda. Identifying Pradesa helps in determining the site of diseases and tailoring treatments to effectively address localized health issues.
52) Chandra:
Chandra refers to the concept of lunar qualities in Ayurveda. It symbolizes cooling and soothing properties, influencing treatment approaches that aim to balance heat-related conditions or symptoms.
53) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tikshna signifies sharpness or potency in Ayurveda, often associated with certain herbs or treatments. This quality can enhance therapeutic effectiveness, particularly in alleviating symptoms or addressing acute conditions.
54) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja refers to diseases caused by an imbalance of Pitta dosha in Ayurveda. Identifying Pittaja conditions is essential for implementing dietary and lifestyle changes that restore balance and promote health.
55) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning sensations are clinical symptoms often indicative of inflammation or irritation. In Ayurveda, assessing burning sensations helps in diagnosing underlying conditions and selecting appropriate treatments to alleviate discomfort.
56) Itching:
Itching is a common symptom associated with various skin conditions. In Ayurveda, addressing itching involves identifying its root causes and selecting suitable remedies aimed at promoting comfort and healing.
57) Science (Scientific):
Science in this context refers to the systematic study and understanding of natural phenomena, including health and disease. In Ayurveda, the application of scientific methods complements traditional knowledge, facilitating evidence-based practices.
58) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha describes a dry or astringent quality in Ayurvedic therapy, crucial for addressing conditions characterized by excess moisture. Utilizing Ruksha properties in treatments helps restore balance and promote healing in affected tissues.
59) Ushtra (Ustra):
Ushtra refers to a specific classification or characteristic, often related to a type of knot or configuration within Ayurvedic treatment protocols. Recognizing Ushtra helps practitioners formulate effective treatment strategies.
60) Vipaka:
Vipaka denotes the post-digestive effect of foods or medicines in Ayurveda, playing a vital role in determining their therapeutic impacts. Understanding Vipaka is essential for formulating balanced diets and treatment plans.
61) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja refers to diseases resulting from an imbalance or excess of the Vata dosha. Understanding Vataja conditions is crucial for identifying tailored treatments that restore balance and enhance patient health outcomes.
62) Shavadi (Savadi):
Savadi, likely referring to a contribution or participation, emphasizes the importance of collaboration in medical endeavors. This concept underscores how collective expertise enhances patient care and promotes advancements in medical knowledge.
63) Repair:
Repair pertains to the process of healing or restoring integrity to damaged tissues. In Ayurveda, it encompasses a range of therapeutic practices aimed at facilitating recovery and promoting optimal health in affected areas.
64) Griva:
Greeva specifically designates the neck area in Ayurveda. Understanding Greeva is essential for diagnosing issues specifically related to neck disorders and developing appropriate treatment protocols tailored to that anatomical region.
65) Laghu:
Laghu translates to lightness in Ayurveda, describing certain foods or treatments that promote ease of digestion or recovery. Incorporating Laghu properties into treatment plans aids digestive health and enhances overall well-being.
66) Tikta:
Tikta refers to a bitter taste in Ayurveda associated with detoxifying and purifying properties. It plays a significant role in herb selection for formulations aimed at cleansing and revitalizing the body.
67) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna signifies warmth or heating properties typically associated with specific foods and herbs in Ayurveda. Understanding Ushna is crucial for guiding treatment choices, particularly for conditions characterized by cold or dampness.
68) Basti:
Basti refers to a specific type of treatment involving the administration of herbal solutions via the rectum. It is recognized for its efficacy in managing various conditions related to the lower abdomen and pelvis.
69) Akara:
Akara denotes shape or form in Ayurvedic context. Understanding the different Akara is essential for correlating to specific clinical presentations, guiding practitioners in diagnosis and the formulation of therapeutic strategies.
70) Vrana:
Vrana refers to a wound or sore in Ayurveda. The management of Vrana involves various cleansing and healing techniques that align with the overall principles of restoring health within Ayurvedic practice.
71) Snuhi:
Snuhi denotes Euphorbia, known for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. It's recognized for its use in managing various conditions due to its unique chemical composition that aids in therapeutic applications.
72) Bhaga:
Bhaga refers to the anatomical regions around the anal area in Ayurveda, playing a crucial role in understanding conditions like Bhagandara. Insights into Bhaga facilitate targeted treatment strategies for related disorders.
73) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in physiology, responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste throughout the body. In Ayurveda, considerations of blood quality and circulation influence treatment approaches aimed at restoring balance and health.
74) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa denotes the essence or taste of substances in Ayurveda, influencing their therapeutic actions and effects on the body. Understanding Rasa is essential for creating balanced formulations that address health issues effectively.
75) Guda:
Guda refers to the rectal region in Ayurveda, playing a significant role in diagnosing and treating conditions impacting digestive health and rectal integrity, exemplified in the context of Bhagandara.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 78]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Study on apamarga kshara sutra vs. chedana karma for bhagandara.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Ayurveda, Bhagandara, Sushruta, Fistula in ano, Healing process, Statistical analysis, Granulation tissue, Pain assessment, Visual analogue scale, Chedana karma, Pratisaraniya kshara, Apamarga kshara sutra, Debridement, Chronic abnormal communication.