Clinical eval of 'methi modak' and udvartana for obesity management.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A clinical evaluation of ‘methi modak’ along with udvartana (kutaj bark churna) in the managment of sthaulya (obesity)
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Author:

Dr. Lekha Soni, Dr. Pramod Kumar Mishra and Dr. Indu Sharma


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: A clinical evaluation of ‘methi modak’ along with udvartana (kutaj bark churna) in the managment of sthaulya (obesity)

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202213-25601

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Obesity, referred to as 'Sthaulya' in Ayurveda, is increasingly recognized as a significant global public health concern, linked with various comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and psychological disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity rates have more than doubled since 1980, with notable increases in India—from 9.7% at the turn of the century to nearly 20% post-2010. In Ayurveda, effective treatments exist, focusing on restoring the balance of bodily humors ('Dosha') and utilizing herbal remedies. This clinical study evaluates the effectiveness of 'Methi Modak' combined with 'Udvartana' (using Kutaj Bark Churna) against a control group incorporating a regimen of diet and exercise in managing obesity.

The Role of Methi Modak in Obesity Management

'Methi Modak' is a formulation consisting of various herbal ingredients characterized by having properties that counteract excess Kapha dosha and Meda dhatu (fat tissue). The herbal formulation is noted for its Katu (pungent) and Tikta (bitter) flavors, which impart detoxifying and fat-reducing benefits. By enhancing digestion and metabolism, 'Methi Modak' serves to alleviate symptoms associated with obesity, such as lethargy and body heaviness. The formulation aids in improving internal homeostasis, thereby serving as a foundational strategy in overcoming obesity, as demonstrated in clinical trials contrasting it with standard dietary interventions.

The Effectiveness of Udvartana

'Udvartana,' a traditional Ayurvedic procedure involving an invigorating massage with herbal powders, plays a pivotal role in the management of obesity. This technique is designed to improve circulation, aid in lymphatic drainage, and enhance detoxification through the skin. The study evaluated the therapeutic potential of Udvartana when applied over 14 days, observing significant improvements in subjective and objective measures of obesity among patients. The standard application of Udvartana included various body pressure techniques aimed at promoting fat loss and improving overall physical vitality.

Combined Dietary Interventions

In the study, participants in both treatment and control groups followed a predefined diet aimed at reducing body weight. This included rich nutritional elements like Amla juice, green gram soup, and barley roti, all chosen for their fat-reducing and detoxifying properties. Dietary supplementation combined with exercise illustrated improved outcomes in managing obesity effectively. This highlights the essential nature of nutrition in conjunction with other therapies for achieving substantial health improvements, particularly in addressing obesity.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that the integration of multiple interventions—such as 'Methi Modak,' 'Udvartana,' dietary recommendations, and exercise—resulted in a significantly greater reduction in obesity-related parameters compared to a standard diet and exercise regime. Patients receiving combined treatments showed notable relief from symptoms, underscoring the efficacy of a holistic approach to managing obesity. This clinical evaluation provides evidence supporting traditional Ayurvedic practices, suggesting that combined regimens can yield more effective results in a shorter timeframe than singular approaches. Consequently, for those struggling with obesity, a collaborative strategy involving both dietary modifications and holistic therapies offers a promising avenue for health enhancement.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the primary aim of the clinical study conducted?

The primary aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of 'Methi Modak' and 'Udvartana' in managing obesity (Sthaulya) alongside dietary and exercise interventions.

What are the notable health risks associated with obesity?

Obesity increases risks for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, joint issues, and psychological problems, affecting daily life and increasing mortality.

What are the inclusion criteria for participating in the study?

Participants must be between 18 and 70 years old, have a BMI above 25, and be willing to sign consent forms.

How was the efficacy of treatments assessed in the study?

Efficacy was assessed through subjective parameters like lethargy and objective measures including BMI, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness.

What were the results comparing Group A and Group B?

Group A, receiving 'Methi Modak' and 'Udvartana', showed greater relief in all evaluated parameters compared to Group B, which followed only diet and exercise.

What conclusion did researchers draw from their findings on obesity treatment?

Combining 'Methi Modak', 'Udvartana', diet, and exercise yielded better results in managing obesity than diet and exercise alone.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Clinical eval of 'methi modak' and udvartana for obesity management.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Methi:
Methi, also known as fenugreek, is a key ingredient in Methi Modak, used in Ayurvedic treatment for obesity. It possesses medicinal properties that aid in digestion, improve metabolism, and provide various health benefits such as reducing body fat and managing blood sugar levels, making it integral to the study's focus.

2) Sthaulya:
Sthaulya is the Ayurvedic term for obesity, classified as one of the undesirable conditions affecting health. In the context of the study, addressing Sthaulya involves understanding its etiology and implementing various Ayurvedic treatments, contributing significantly to the overall health and wellness of individuals.

3) Diet:
Diet is crucial in managing obesity and is part of the study's methodology. A balanced diet, as prescribed, not only aids in weight reduction but also enhances the efficacy of herbal treatments, helping in the overall management of Sthaulya through controlled food intake.

4) Udvartana:
Udvartana is an Ayurvedic therapeutic massage technique that uses herbal powders for detoxification and weight management. The study evaluates its effectiveness in conjunction with Methi Modak, highlighting its role in enhancing the physical well-being of obese individuals by improving circulation and metabolism.

5) Study (Studying):
The study is a clinical evaluation that investigates the effects of Methi Modak and Udvartana in managing Sthaulya. It aims to gather data on efficacy and patient outcomes, contributing valuable insights into the integration of traditional Ayurvedic practices in modern healthcare for obesity management.

6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine rooted in holistic principles, emphasizing balance between body, mind, and spirit. The study utilizes Ayurvedic approaches to treat obesity, showcasing its relevance in contemporary health practices and the importance of integrating traditional remedies with modern scientific methods.

7) Drug:
Drugs refer to the herbal formulations, particularly Methi Modak, evaluated in the study for their pharmacological effects on obesity. This term emphasizes the natural approach to treating obesity through Ayurvedic practices.

8) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha refers to the dry quality or property of certain substances in Ayurveda. Methi Modak, with Ruksha properties, is believed to counteract excess moisture (Kapha), assisting in weight management by promoting the elimination of toxins and excess fat from the body.

9) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda representing the elements of earth and water. Imbalances in Kapha contribute to obesity, making it essential to address through dietary and lifestyle changes in the study to restore health and promote weight loss.

10) Amla:
Amla, or Indian gooseberry, is touted for its health benefits in traditional medicine. Featured in the study's diet, it supports digestion and metabolic health, contributing to weight management and offering protective effects against chronic diseases in obese individuals.

11) Karma (Karman):
In Ayurveda, 'karma' refers to actions or treatments that produce specific effects. The study employs various karmas, such as Udvartana and dietary interventions, to address Sthaulya, illustrating the tailored approach of Ayurvedic medicine in therapeutic practices.

12) Laghu:
Laghu signifies the 'light' quality attributed to certain foods and herbs in Ayurveda. The inclusion of Laghu ingredients in the diet is crucial for managing obesity by promoting digestion, reducing heaviness, and facilitating weight loss while enhancing overall vitality.

13) Yava:
Yava, or barley, is included in the dietary recommendations of the study. It possesses beneficial properties like being Laghu and Dhatu Rasa, aiding in the management of Sthaulya by promoting satiety, acting as a low-calorie food source, and supporting digestive health.

14) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the taste or flavor of food or herbs, playing a vital role in Ayurveda's therapeutic applications. Understanding Rasa helps determine the properties of Methi Modak and its effectiveness in tackling obesity through flavor compatibility with the body’s demands.

15) Mung:
Mung beans are highlighted in the study for their nutritional benefits. As a low-calorie, high-protein food, they contribute to weight loss and metabolic health, aligning with the study's goal to implement dietary strategies for managing obesity effectively.

16) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burns in this context relates to calorie burning and fat metabolism. Emphasizing the need for increased energy expenditure, the study advocates for incorporating exercise as a fundamental aspect of obesity management.

17) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha represents the three fundamental energies in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. The study focuses on Kapha's role in contributing to obesity and highlights the need to balance this dosha through dietary and therapeutic interventions to achieve optimal health.

18) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna signifies a heating quality of substances or treatments in Ayurveda. The study emphasizes Ushna properties in Methi Modak that counteract cold qualities, aiding in fat breakdown and promoting weight loss by enhancing metabolic functions.

19) Dhatu:
In Ayurveda, Dhatu refers to the tissues of the body. The study addresses the role of Meda Dhatu (fat tissue) in obesity and seeks to modulate its accumulation through targeted dietary and herbal interventions to achieve a balance in body tissues.

20) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda, or fat tissue, is a key focus in studying obesity. The intervention targets Meda to reduce excess accumulation through herbal formulations and lifestyle changes, emphasizing the need to regulate fat levels for better health outcomes.

21) Guna:
Guna refers to the qualities or attributes that define food and herbs in Ayurveda. Understanding Guna helps in selecting appropriate ingredients, like those in Methi Modak, contributing to effective weight management by balancing desirable and undesirable qualities in the body.

22) Kaphadosha (Kapha-dosha, Kaphadosa):
Kapha-dosha is a crucial factor in obesity, characterized by its heavy, moist, and stable qualities. The study aims to reduce Kapha through a combination of herbal treatments, dietary adjustments, and physical activity, addressing its implication in Sthaulya effectively.

23) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is the location of the study, home to many traditional Ayurvedic practices. The local context may influence the availability of medicinal herbs like those in Methi Modak, emphasizing the significance of regional approaches in holistic health strategies.

24) Disease:
Disease in this context refers to obesity and its associated health risks. The study’s purpose is to develop effective Ayurvedic interventions that not only treat obesity but also mitigate the potential comorbidities that arise due to excessive weight.

25) Tikta:
Tikta refers to the bitter taste in Ayurveda, associated with detoxification and weight loss. The inclusion of Tikta herbs in the study's formulation promotes metabolic health by aiding digestion and reducing excess fatty tissue in obese individuals.

26) India:
India is the focal country for this study, rich in cultural practices, including Ayurveda. Understanding how local dietary habits and traditional remedies address modern health issues like obesity provides insights into integrating these ancient practices with contemporary health solutions.

27) Katu:
Katu indicates the pungent taste in Ayurvedic principles, known to stimulate digestion and metabolism. Methi Modak's Katu quality helps address obesity by aiding in fat metabolism and promoting the effective processing of food within the body.

28) Alpa:
Alpa translates to 'minor' or 'less' in Ayurveda. The study examines conditions like Daurbalya (weakness) and emphasizes interventions that can alleviate minor symptoms of obesity, promoting a holistic approach towards improving overall health and vitality in participants.

29) Angagaurava (Anga-gaurava):
Anga-gaurava refers to a feeling of heaviness in the body, symptomatic of obesity. The study aims to quantify and reduce this heaviness through intervention strategies, ultimately improving participants’ quality of life by alleviating discomfort associated with Sthaulya.

30) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation pertains to the buildup of excess fat or toxins in the body, central to obesity. The study investigates how herbal treatments and lifestyle changes can effectively reduce this accumulation, leading to improved health outcomes in participants with Sthaulya.

31) Purushartha (Purusartha, Purusha-artha):
Purushartha signifies the four goals of human life in Ayurveda, including health and well-being. Addressing Sthaulya is crucial for achieving these goals, making the study's focus on obesity relevant for practitioners aiming to promote holistic living.

32) Nidradhikya (Nidra-adhikya):
Nidradhikya refers to excessive sleepiness or lethargy, often associated with obesity. The study monitors this parameter to assess the effectiveness of interventions in improving energy levels and overall vitality in participants suffering from Sthaulya.

33) Observation:
Observations encompass the systematic evaluations carried out in the study to assess the effectiveness of interventions. These assessments are crucial for drawing conclusions regarding the therapies' impact on participants’ obesity management.

34) Medadhatu (Meda-dhatu):
Meda-dhatu, or the fat tissue, is integral to the study as it directly relates to Sthaulya. The research focuses on herb-based interventions aimed at regulating and balancing Meda-dhatu, ensuring effective weight management for participants struggling with obesity.

35) Atikrisha (Atikrsa):
Ati-krisha refers to extreme thinness, illustrating the imbalance concerning body weight issues. The study recognizes this term in the context of understanding body compositions, ensuring comprehensive treatment approaches cater to individuals at both ends of the weight spectrum.

36) Atisthula (Ati-sthula):
Ati-sthula indicates severe obesity, defining a critical focus for the study. The researchers aim to employ holistic Ayurvedic methodologies to restore balance and health in participants classified within this weight category.

37) Kaphavata (Kapha-vata):
Kapha-vata indicates a dosha imbalance that can cause obesity. The study employs interventions to address Kapha and Vata properties, aiming to restore doshic balance and improve health outcomes for obese individuals struggling with related symptoms.

38) Madhyama:
Madhyama represents a balanced state of being, both in physical and mental aspects. The study’s methodologies aim to guide participants towards achieving a Madhyama state by effectively managing Sthaulya through prescribed treatments and lifestyle adjustments.

39) Langhana (Lamghana):
Langhana refers to a therapeutic approach in Ayurveda designed to reduce excess body mass and improve metabolism. The study incorporates Langhana methods, combining them with herbal therapies to devise effective treatment plans for participants with obesity.

40) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient Ayurvedic texts containing guidelines and principles for health and healing. The study highlights the relevance of traditional texts in formulating herbal treatments, establishing a connection between historical knowledge and current clinical practices.

41) Gaurava:
Gaurava signifies heaviness or weight in Ayurveda, indicative of health conditions like obesity. The study seeks to quantify Gaurava in participants, aiming to implement treatments that alleviate this discomfort and overall improve participants’ health and lifestyle.

42) Visada (Vishada, Visha-da):
Vishada, representing a quality of clarity or lightness, plays a role in balancing the body’s energies. Used in the context of obesity, the study utilizes Vishada in interventions aimed at reforming heavy or sluggish qualities associated with excess body weight.

43) Vyavaya:
Vyavaya indicates physical exercise in Ayurveda, crucial for managing obesity. The study emphasizes integrating Vyavaya within treatment regimens, advocating for physical activity's role in enhancing metabolic functions and reducing body mass.

44) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya refers to the astringent taste aligned with substances that aid in reducing excess moisture or fluid. The study incorporates Kashaya herbs to mitigate Kapha-related issues in obesity, promoting effective weight loss through targeted interventions.

45) Sharira (Sarira):
Sharira translates to the body in Ayurveda, emphasizing the importance of understanding its constructs and imbalances. The study's focus on Sharira helps address obesity holistically, bridging the gap between physical health and Ayurvedic principles.

46) Modaka:
Modaka refers to a specific herbal preparation or formulation designed for therapeutic uses. In the study, Methi Modak serves as a core intervention, highlighting the significance of proper formulation in tackling obesity through Ayurvedic medicine.

47) Kutaja (Kuta-ja):
Kutaja, a herbal component in the study, is known for its digestive benefits. Its inclusion in the regimen supports the overall approach to weight management by promoting healthy digestion and metabolic processes in participants.

48) Alasya:
Alasya signifies lethargy, often linked with obesity. The study assesses the impact of treatments on alleviating Alasya to enhance participant energy levels and overall well-being as part of the therapeutic approach to managing Sthaulya.

49) Sthula:
Sthula refers explicitly to the condition of being overweight or obese. The study revolves around the management of Sthula through Ayurvedic methods, outlining the need to address this condition for effective health restoration.

50) Krisha (Krsa):
Krisha indicates thinness and is significant within the context of obesity studies, encompassing the broader range of weight issues. The research connects the management of Krisha and Sthula to promote holistic health methodologies.

51) Chala (Chala°):
Chala describes movement or activity in Ayurveda. In the study, Chala is linked with interventions promoting physical activity as a means to counteract obesity, advocating for an active lifestyle to enhance overall health.

52) Udara:
Udara relates to the abdomen or belly in Ayurvedic terminology. In terms of this study, addressing Udara health is critical for managing Sthaulya, helping participants achieve a balanced and healthy body composition.

53) Lekha:
Lekha refers to the act of writing, which conceptually links to the documentation of findings in the study. This emphasizes the importance of maintaining accurate records for clinical evaluations and subsequent analyses in healthcare practices.

54) Virya:
Virya signifies the potency or strength of a substance in Ayurveda. Understanding the Virya of Methi Modak is essential for evaluating its therapeutic effectiveness in managing obesity within the study's clinical framework.

55) Gatra:
Gatra pertains to the physical body. The study focuses on evaluating Gatra in its participants as part of the health assessment process to comprehend the impact of treatments on their physical condition.

56) Stana:
Stana refers to various bodily structures, including breast tissue, highlighting the comprehensive approach of the study concerning different body segments and their conditions in managing Sthaulya.

57) Water:
Water is vital in the dietary framework proposed by the study. Adequate hydration facilitates metabolic processes, enhances absorption of nutrients, and plays a role in weight management, underscoring its significance in the treatment regimen.

58) Sanga (Samga, Shanga, Shamga):
Sanga indicates obstruction, often related to bodily channels or pathways in Ayurveda. The study acknowledges Sanga in the context of Sthaulya, addressing methods to clear blockages through various therapeutic interventions.

59) Kaya:
Kaya translates to body in the Ayurvedic context. The study emphasizes overall Kaya health, focusing on the balance of doshas and tissues to promote effective treatment strategies for obesity.

60) Anga (Amga):
Anga refers to the body parts or limbs. The study assesses the impact of its interventions on Anga health as part of a holistic approach to managing Sthaulya and improving overall well-being.

61) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by its lightness and mobility. While not the primary focus for obesity, addressing Vata imbalances can enhance treatment outcomes by promoting overall health and stability.

62) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a serious health condition that, when combined with obesity, can complicate treatment regimens. The study excludes patients with TB to focus on the efficacy of treatments in unencumbered participants, ensuring valid results.

63) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a critical factor in obesity and its comorbidities. The study aims at addressing inflammatory responses through dietary and herbal interventions to mitigate their negative impact on participant health.

64) Atikshudha (Atiksudha, Ati-kshudha):
Ati-ksudha indicates extreme hunger levels, often associated with poor metabolic health. By assessing this parameter, the study underscores the relationship between satiety and effective strategies for managing obesity.

65) Daurgandhya:
Daurgandhya refers to the unpleasant odor often noted in individuals with obesity. The study aims to address this condition, recognizing it as part of the overall impact of Sthaulya on self-esteem and quality of life.

66) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandya signifies a weakened digestive fire, known to contribute to obesity. The study addresses this condition by introducing dietary modifications and herbal treatments that enhance digestion and metabolism.

67) Katutikta (Katu-tikta):
Katu-tikta refers to the combination of pungent and bitter tastes, indicative of certain therapeutic herbs. These taste properties are employed in the study to enhance appetite, digestion, and effective weight loss.

68) Mudgayusha (Mudgayusa, Mudga-yusha):
Mudgayusha, or green gram soup, is included within the study's dietary plan. Being nutritious and low in calories, it is essential for promoting satiety and supporting overall weight management efforts.

69) Green gram:
Green gram, or mung bean, is highlighted for its health benefits in combating obesity. As part of the recommended diet, it contributes to reducing body fat and improving metabolic health.

70) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analytical component of the study where results and findings are interpreted. This section provides insights into the efficacy of treatments and guides future research directions in managing obesity.

71) Developing:
Developing pertains to the creation of tailored treatment plans aimed at addressing obesity. The study focuses on developing effective interventions based on Ayurvedic principles for the optimal management of Sthaulya.

72) Inference:
Inference involves deducing conclusions and insights from study data. This process is critical in analyzing how effective the treatments for Sthaulya are, guiding future clinical practices and studies in Ayurveda.

73) Daurbalya:
Daurbalya refers to weakness or debility, often symptomatic in obese individuals. The study monitors this condition to assess how effectively the interventions can enhance strength and overall energy levels in participants.

74) Lekhaniya:
Lekhaniya describes the property of scraping or reducing fat, which is a key therapeutic action in managing obesity. The study evaluates this aspect in the context of Methi Modak's efficacy against Sthaulya.

75) Kaphaghna (Kapha-ghna):
Kaphaghna refers to substances or treatments that balance the Kapha dosha. The study utilizes Kaphaghna properties to support weight loss efforts by targeting the root causes of obesity related to Kapha imbalance.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 131]

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Significant change, Inclusion criteria, Exclusion criteria, Ayurvedic Management, Subjective parameter, Langhana therapy, Objective parameter, Sthaulya (obesity), Biochemical parameter, Chaturvidha Purushartha, Walking Exercise, Cycling Exercise, Herbal Cure.

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