A review article on ashtang yoga

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review article on ashtang yoga”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Yoga:
Yoga is a holistic practice originating from ancient India, integrating physical postures, breathing techniques, meditation, and ethical principles. It aims to harmonize the mind, body, and spirit, fostering overall wellness. In contemporary society, it serves as a preventive measure and therapy for various lifestyle disorders, promoting longevity and peace.

2) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, emphasizes balance among the body's physical, mental, and spiritual components. It utilizes lifestyle modifications, holistic therapies, and herbal treatment to promote health and prevent disease. It complements the practice of yoga by addressing the root causes of ailments through natural methods.

3) Disease:
Diseases encompass a range of health conditions that disrupt normal functioning. The prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases underscores the importance of preventive practices like yoga and Ayurveda, which focus on restoring balance and promoting holistic health to combat these contemporary health challenges.

4) Mana:
Mana, stemming from the Sanskrit root, refers to the mind or mental aspects of an individual. In yoga and Ayurveda, the state of one's mind is critical for overall health, as mental disturbances can contribute to physical ailments. Practices like meditation aim to cultivate a balanced and tranquil mind.

5) Life:
Life embodies the existence and experiences of individuals, encompassing physical, mental, and spiritual dimensions. In the context of yoga and Ayurveda, a fulfilling life is characterized by balance, health, and harmony, promoting longevity and well-being through disciplined practices and mindful living.

6) Manas (Mano, Manash):
Manas, or mind, plays a pivotal role in Indian philosophies, affecting emotional health and decision-making. In yoga, controlling Manas through practices like Pranayama and meditation is emphasized to achieve mental clarity and emotional stability, thus enhancing overall health and spiritual growth.

7) Asana (Ashana):
Asana refers to the physical postures practiced in yoga, essential for maintaining physical health and flexibility. Each Asana serves specific health benefits, contributing to muscle strength, improved circulation, and mental clarity. Regular practice can aid in preventing injuries and enhancing overall physical endurance.

8) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan, a state in northern India, is significant for its cultural heritage and contributions to ancient Indian knowledge systems, including yoga and Ayurveda. It is home to many Ayurvedic institutions and yoga centers, showcasing traditional practices that promote holistic health and wellness.

9) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. In the context of yoga and Ayurveda, scientific research is increasingly validating the benefits of these ancient practices, emphasizing their relevance in modern healthcare and holistic well-being.

10) Jatharagni (Jathara-agni):
Jatharagni, or digestive fire, is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda referring to the body's ability to digest food and assimilate nutrients. A balanced Jatharagni is essential for overall health. Yoga practices help stimulate Jatharagni, promoting better digestion and metabolism.

11) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi, a revered city in India, is known for its spiritual significance and rich cultural heritage. It is also a hub for learning traditional practices like yoga and Ayurveda, drawing practitioners and scholars seeking spiritual growth and holistic health from around the world.

12) Samtosha (Samtosa, Santosa, Santosh, Santosha):
Santosha means contentment and satisfaction, an essential aspect of yoga philosophy. Cultivating Santosha leads to inner peace and happiness, allowing individuals to accept life's circumstances with grace. This principle encourages mindfulness and gratitude, contributing to overall well-being.

13) Ishvara (Isvara, Ishwara):
Ishwara refers to the supreme consciousness or divine entity in Hindu philosophy. In the context of yoga, connecting with Ishwara through meditation and devotion fosters spiritual growth. Recognizing Ishwara's presence enhances practitioners' understanding of unity between the individual and the universal.

14) Niyama:
Niyama consists of self-discipline and personal observances in yoga, aimed at cultivating positive habits for personal growth. It includes practices like cleanliness, contentment, and self-study, promoting a disciplined lifestyle that supports physical and mental well-being, complementing the ethical foundation of yoga.

15) Dhyana:
Dhyana is the practice of meditation, a central component of yoga that fosters deep concentration and mindfulness. Through Dhyana, individuals cultivate awareness, serenity, and insight, leading to enhanced mental clarity and emotional stability, fundamental for holistic health and spiritual growth.

16) Citta (Chitta):
Chitta refers to the mind's inner workings, including thoughts and emotions. In yoga philosophy, managing Chitta's fluctuations through techniques like meditation is essential for achieving mental peace and clarity. A balanced Chitta enables better decision-making and emotional resilience.

17) Satya (Shatya):
Satya, or truthfulness, is one of the ethical precepts in yoga philosophy. Embracing Satya means living authentically and honestly, fostering trust and integrity in relationships. Practicing truthfulness enhances individual character and promotes harmonious living in accordance with universal principles.

18) Atman (Atma):
Aatma, or self/soul, represents the true essence of an individual beyond physical existence. In yoga and Ayurveda, understanding Aatma is crucial for spiritual growth, as practices aim to connect the individual self with the universal consciousness, facilitating profound personal realization and inner peace.

19) Pariccheda:
Pariccheda refers to a portion or section in Sanskrit texts, often used in the context of philosophical discourse. In yoga literature, Pariccheda may delineate specific topics or sections about practices, theories, and principles, enhancing the clarity of teachings and concepts within spiritual traditions.

20) Pratyahara:
Pratyahara means the withdrawal of the senses from external objects, allowing practitioners to turn their attention inward. It is a vital step in yoga, enabling deeper concentration and meditation, leading to heightened self-awareness and control over the mind's distractions.

21) Meditation:
Meditation is a mental exercise that involves focusing the mind to achieve a state of calmness and clarity. It is central to yoga practices, promoting relaxation, reducing stress, and enhancing overall mental health. Regular meditation also fosters spiritual growth and emotional resilience.

22) Upadhyaya:
Upadhyaya refers to an instructor or teacher, particularly in the context of traditional learning. In yoga and Ayurveda, Upadhyaya holds significant importance as they guide students in practicing techniques and understanding philosophies essential for holistic health.

23) Papakarman (Papakarma, Papa-karma):
Papakarma refers to the undesirable actions that one must practice abstaining from, especially in the context of ethical living. In yoga philosophy, avoiding Papakarma contributes to mental clarity and moral integrity, fostering positive personal and social relationships.

24) Darshana (Darsana):
Darshana means philosophy or worldview in Sanskrit, encompassing various systems of thought within Indian tradition. In yoga, exploring different Darshanas provides practitioners with diverse perspectives on the nature of reality, enhancing their spiritual understanding and integration of practices into daily life.

25) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga refers to the eightfold path of yoga, comprising Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharna, Dhyana, and Samadhi. This structured approach provides a comprehensive framework for spiritual development and self-realization, guiding practitioners in their journey towards enlightenment.

26) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient Indo-European language, serving as the liturgical and scholarly language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Many yoga and Ayurveda texts are written in Sanskrit, providing deep insights into practices and philosophies foundational to these traditions.

27) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra refers to a scripture, treatise, or body of knowledge in Sanskrit. In the context of yoga and Ayurveda, Shastras provide essential teachings and guidelines for practitioners to follow, ensuring adherence to traditional principles and methods for health and spirituality.

28) Samadhi:
Samadhi is the state of meditative absorption where the self and the object of meditation become one. It represents the culmination of spiritual practice in yoga, symbolizing ultimate consciousness and enlightenment, where practitioners experience profound peace and unity with the universe.

29) Sharada (Sarada, Sara-da):
Sharada relates to wisdom and learning, and is often associated with Goddess Saraswati, symbolizing knowledge in Indian culture. In yoga and Ayurveda, the pursuit of Sharada through study and practice is essential for understanding deeper aspects of life and achieving self-realization.

30) Vritti (Vrtti):
Vritti refers to the fluctuations or modifications of the mind. In yoga philosophy, managing Vritti is crucial for attaining mental stability. Techniques such as meditation and mindfulness help mitigate Vritti, leading to calmness and clarity of thought essential for holistic well-being.

31) Parada:
Parada, often associated with mercury in Ayurveda, symbolizes transformation and is used medicinally. In the context of yoga and Ayurveda, understanding Parada's properties enhances knowledge about healing practices, emphasizing the importance of elemental balance for health and vitality.

32) Khanda (Khamda):
Khanda refers to a section or fragment in Sanskrit texts, similar to Pariccheda. In the study of yoga and Ayurveda, Khanda denotes segments covering specific themes or teachings, contributing to a structured understanding of these vast knowledge systems.

33) Sutra:
Sutra means a thread or aphorism in Sanskrit, commonly used in sacred texts to succinctly convey complex ideas. In yoga, the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali are foundational, outlining principles and practices essential for personal and spiritual development.

34) Karma (Karman):
Karma refers to the law of cause and effect, indicating that actions have consequences. In yoga philosophy, understanding Karma encourages ethical living and mindful actions, promoting a cycle of positive experiences and spiritual growth while avoiding negative outcomes.

35) Hand:
Hand represents action and skill in yoga practices. It is vital for performing Asanas and Pranayama, facilitating energy flow through movements and gestures. Mindful use of the hands fosters better alignment, enhancing the overall effectiveness of yoga practices.

36) Yama:
Yama encompasses ethical precepts that guide interpersonal conduct in yoga philosophy. It includes principles such as non-violence and truthfulness, promoting moral behavior and harmonious living. Practicing Yama establishes a foundation for personal character and societal wellbeing.

37) Tapa:
Tapa refers to austerity or self-discipline, a crucial component in yoga for attaining higher states of consciousness. Engaging in Tapa involves refraining from indulgences and practicing self-control, fostering personal growth and enhanced focus on spiritual pursuits.

38) Guna:
Guna, meaning quality or attribute in Sanskrit, refers to the three fundamental qualities: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. In yoga philosophy, understanding Guna helps individuals recognize their inclinations and behaviors, promoting a balanced lifestyle by cultivating Sattva for clarity and purity.

39) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta-samhita is an ancient text attributed to Sushruta, a pioneer in surgical techniques and Ayurveda. It encompasses detailed descriptions of surgical procedures, herbs, and therapies. This text significantly contributes to the integrative approaches of Ayurveda, emphasizing traditional knowledge in health and healing.

40) Kalakutavisha (Kalakutavisa, Kalakuta-visha):
Kalakuta-visha refers to a potent poison in Ayurveda, highlighting the concept of toxicity that can affect health. Understanding Kalakuta-visha enhances awareness of body imbalances and stresses the importance of detoxification practices through yoga and Ayurvedic therapies to achieve optimal health.

41) Observation:
Observation involves attentively watching and perceiving phenomena. In yoga, it is a foundational skill for assessing body alignment, breath patterns, and mental states during practice. Cultivating the ability to observe enhances self-awareness and contributes significantly to personal growth and practice refinement.

42) Vishamashana (Visamasana, Vishamasana):
Vishamasana translates to unstable posture, indicating positions that may cause imbalance. In yoga, recognizing Vishamasana helps practitioners avoid harmful alignments, fostering awareness of proper posture. This understanding is essential for developing safe and effective practices in physical yoga.

43) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the exchange of ideas and perspectives, vital for deepening understanding of complex subjects. In yoga and Ayurveda, engaging in discussions enriches knowledge, allowing practitioners to share experiences, clarify concepts, and collectively explore philosophical teachings.

44) Practising (Practicing):
Practicing signifies the act of regularly engaging in activities to develop skills or improve health. In yoga, consistent practicing is key to achieving physical flexibility, mental clarity, and spiritual growth. Commitment to daily practice fosters discipline and enhances overall well-being.

45) Satkarman (Satkarma, Shatkarman, Shatkarma, Shash-karman, Shash-karma, Sat-karman):
Shat-karma refers to the six cleansing practices in yoga aimed at purifying the body and mind. These techniques promote physical health and prepare the practitioner for deeper meditation. Shat-karma is crucial for maintaining balance and enhancing spiritual awareness in yoga.

46) Patanjali:
Patanjali is an ancient sage credited with codifying yoga philosophy in the Yoga Sutras. His teachings emphasize the importance of ethical conduct, mental discipline, and meditation. Patanjali's work serves as the foundational guide for yoga practitioners, promoting self-realization and unity with the divine.

47) Samskara:
Samskara signifies the mental conditioning or impressions that influence an individual's psyche. In yoga philosophy, awareness of Samskaras aids in recognizing and transforming negative thought patterns, leading to spiritual liberation and mental clarity.

48) Kalakuta (Kala-kuta):
Kalakuta refers to a mythical poison in Hindu mythology, symbolizing the inherent toxins in life. Recognizing the metaphorical Kalakuta in personal experiences emphasizes the importance of detoxification practices in yoga and Ayurveda, fostering a clear mind and healthy body.

49) Ahamkara (Aham-kara, Ahankara):
Ahamkara means the ego or identity that differentiates oneself from others. In yoga, understanding Ahamkara is crucial for spiritual growth, as it can create attachments and distractions. Overcoming Ahamkara fosters unity with others and deepens the sense of self-awareness.

50) Sthirata:
Sthirata denotes stability and firmness, essential qualities in yoga postures (Asanas) and mental practices. Cultivating Sthirata contributes to physical balance and mental resilience, enabling practitioners to maintain a steady focus, especially during challenging situations or positions.

51) Avarodha:
Avarodha means to stop or restrain, particularly regarding the fluctuations of the mind. In yoga and Ayurveda, achieving Avarodha is critical for mental clarity and focus. Techniques like meditation help to cultivate Avarodha, enhancing overall well-being by quieting the mind's distractions.

52) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. Ayurveda, an integral component of Indian medicine, complements yoga by addressing the body’s natural healing processes. Together, they emphasize a holistic approach to health.

53) Samkalpa (Sankalpa):
Sankalpa means intention or resolve in Sanskrit. In yoga, setting a Sankalpa before practice establishes a clear purpose, enhancing focus and commitment. It guides practitioners toward specific goals, whether physical, mental, or spiritual, fostering deeper engagement in the process.

54) Teaching:
Teaching involves imparting knowledge and skills, vital in yoga and Ayurveda for transferring traditional wisdom. Experienced practitioners or Upadhyayas play crucial roles in guiding students through practices, helping them to understand the philosophies and principles underpinning health and well-being.

55) Learning:
Learning encompasses the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study or experience. In yoga and Ayurveda, learning is a continuous process, essential for personal development and understanding of practices, philosophies, and the dynamics of health and well-being.

56) Indriya (Imdriya):
Indriya signifies the senses or sense organs in Sanskrit. In yoga philosophy, controlling the Indriya is crucial for maintaining focus and minimizing distractions during practice. Advanced techniques, such as Pratyahara, help practitioners manage sensory experiences for deeper meditation and insight.

57) Samhita:
Samhita means a collection or compilation in Sanskrit, often referring to ancient texts. In Ayurveda and yoga, Samhitas encompass comprehensive knowledge about healing, medicinal herbs, and practices, serving as foundational texts for practitioners seeking wisdom and guidance in traditional health systems.

58) Nirodha:
Nirodha means to restrain or control fluctuations of the mind, a crucial concept in yoga. Achieving Nirodha fosters mental stability and clarity, enhancing one's ability to concentrate during practice and leading to deeper states of meditation and self-awareness.

59) Chintya:
Chintya translates to contemplation or reflection, emphasizing the importance of thoughtful consideration in practice. In yoga and Ayurveda, engaging in Chintya cultivates self-awareness, enabling practitioners to understand deeper aspects of their experiences and guiding growth on their spiritual journeys.

60) Sharira (Sarira):
Sharira means body in Sanskrit, referring to the physical aspect of individuals. In yoga and Ayurveda, maintaining the health of Sharira is essential, as it serves as the vessel for spiritual practices and personal experiences, highlighting the interconnection between body and spirit.

61) Mantra (Mamtra):
A Mantra is a sound, syllable, or phrase that holds spiritual significance, often repeated during meditation. In yoga practices, using a Mantra serves as a focal point, helping to quiet the mind and direct attention inward, facilitating enhanced spiritual experiences.

62) Buddhi:
Buddhi refers to the intellect or discernment aspect of the mind, crucial for making conscious choices. In yoga and Ayurveda, cultivating Buddhi helps individuals navigate life with wisdom, promoting clarity of thought and better decision-making aligned with their values.

63) Parama:
Parama signifies the supreme or highest state, often referring to ultimate spiritual consciousness. In yoga philosophy, striving for Parama involves transcending dualities, leading seekers toward enlightenment and a profound understanding of their connection to the universe.

64) Sthira:
Sthira denotes steadiness or stability, an essential quality in yoga postures (Asanas). Cultivating Sthira fosters a grounded practice, allowing individuals to maintain balance physically and mentally, crucial for achieving focus and resilience during their yoga journey.

65) Shanti (Santi, Samti, Shamti):
Shanti represents peace or tranquility, a central theme in yoga philosophy. In practice, cultivating Shanti fosters inner calmness and harmony, which can manifest in relationships and interactions with others, leading to a more balanced and fulfilling life.

66) Gayada:
Gayada may refer to specific Ayurvedic texts or knowledgeable figures in the context of health and traditional medicine. Understanding Gayada's contributions aids practitioners in integrating ancient wisdom with modern healing practices, enhancing the capability to promote well-being.

67) Hitayu:
Hitayu conveys the notion of auspiciousness and good health. In the context of yoga and Ayurveda, cultivating Hitayu emphasizes the importance of aligning lifestyle choices and daily practices with health-promoting principles, contributing to overall well-being and vitality.

68) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common Indian surname often associated with scholars and teachers. In the context of yoga and Ayurveda, individuals with the surname Sharma may serve as custodians of ancient wisdom, guiding students in their practices and understanding of traditional health systems.

69) Gold (Golden):
Golden symbolizes valuable qualities or conditions. In yoga philosophy, the term 'Golden' is often used metaphorically to indicate the profound benefits of regular practice, such as achieving peace, health, and spiritual enlightenment, which are seen as precious states of existence.

70) Moksha (Moksa):
Moksha reflects the liberation or freedom from the cycle of birth and rebirth (Samsara) in Hindu philosophy. In the context of yoga, achieving Moksha signifies the ultimate goal of spiritual practice, where individuals attain unity with the universal consciousness, realizing their true nature.

71) Acara:
Achara refers to conduct or behavior in accordance with ethical principles. In yoga philosophy, practicing Achara promotes harmonious living and interaction with others, essential for maintaining equilibrium within oneself and society, contributing to overall spiritual growth.

72) Rajas:
Rajas signifies activity, passion, or dynamism, one of the three Gunas in Indian philosophy. In yoga, managing Rajas helps individuals channel their energies positively, promoting productivity and motivation while avoiding excessive agitation that can occur when Rajas is unchecked.

73) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha designates the fundamental biological energies in Ayurveda, comprising Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each Dosha governs specific physical and mental characteristics. Understanding one's Dosha is pivotal for tailoring health and wellness practices, ensuring balance for optimal well-being.

74) Hatha:
Hatha refers to the physical practice of yoga, emphasizing postures (Asanas) and breath control (Pranayama). Hatha Yoga serves as a foundation for many contemporary styles, promoting physical strength, flexibility, and mental clarity, integral for holistic health.

75) Kriya:
Kriya signifies action or practice, particularly in the context of yoga. Kriyas often involve specific techniques or movements aimed at achieving particular outcomes, such as detoxification or spiritual awakening, highlighting the dynamic aspect of yogic practices.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 96]