Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Photobiomodulation in oral medicine
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a review
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Jyoti Kiran, Vishal Mehrotra, Kriti Garg, Rahul Srivastava, Shazia Aslam and Kasif Iqbal
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Photobiomodulation in oral medicine
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202214-25797
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Photobiomodulation (PBM), also referred to as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), is an innovative approach in oral medicine that utilizes low-power lasers and light-emitting diodes to promote healing, alleviate pain, and reduce inflammation in various oral conditions. Developed in 1967 by Endre Mester, PBM harnesses light energy and delivers it to tissues, activating cellular processes that enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration. This non-invasive technique is gaining traction in clinical settings due to its versatility in treating a range of oral diseases, including recurrent aphthous stomatitis, burning mouth syndrome, and oral lichen planus.
Stimulation of Wound Healing
One of the critical applications of PBM lies in its ability to stimulate wound healing. Research demonstrates that PBM facilitates several biological processes essential for recovery, including DNA synthesis, collagen production, and the proliferation of various cells such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The therapeutic light activates mitochondrial activity, leading to increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which is vital for energy metabolism in cells. Numerous studies underline the effectiveness of PBM in enhancing wound closure and promoting tissue regeneration, showcasing its potential as a powerful tool in the management of oral lesions.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties
In addition to promoting healing, PBM exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects. It regulates cytokine release and modulates inflammation through its effects on endothelial cells and macrophages. PBM can lower the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α while enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β. This property makes PBM particularly advantageous for patients suffering from inflammatory disorders, including burning mouth syndrome and oral lichen planus, where inflammation is a primary concern. Clinical evidence supports the efficacy of PBM in reducing swelling and improving comfort in afflicted patients.
Pain Management
Pain relief is another crucial aspect of PBM's therapeutic benefits. The technique has demonstrated a compelling analgesic effect by altering pain transmission pathways and modifying peripheral and central nervous system signaling. Studies indicate that PBM reduces both acute and chronic pain related to oral conditions through direct effects on nociceptors and modulation of pain signaling routes. As a non-drug therapeutic option, PBM is particularly valuable for patients seeking alternative pain management strategies without the associated side effects of traditional pharmacological treatments.
Conclusion
In summary, photobiomodulation presents a promising and versatile treatment modality in oral medicine. Its ability to enhance wound healing, modulate inflammation, and alleviate pain positions it as a valuable tool in the management of various oral diseases. As clinical research continues to validate its efficacy, there is a growing need for further studies to define optimal treatment protocols and establish PBM as a standard practice in the field. The expanding repertoire of PBM applications underscores its potential to significantly enhance patient care in oral health.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is photobiomodulation (PBM) and its applications?
Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy, is a non-invasive treatment using light to promote healing, reduce inflammation, and alleviate pain in various oral conditions.
How does PBM work at the cellular level?
PBM works through a photochemical mechanism that energizes mitochondrial chromophores, leading to increased ATP production, which stimulates cellular processes such as healing and pain relief.
What oral conditions can PBM effectively treat?
PBM has shown efficacy in treating conditions like burning mouth syndrome, oral lichen planus, xerostomia, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and pemphigus vulgaris by reducing pain and promoting wound healing.
What are the side effects of PBM therapy?
PBM therapy generally has few side effects, making it a promising alternative to traditional drug therapies for various oral diseases.
Is PBM therapy FDA approved?
Yes, PBM therapy is FDA approved and recognized by multiple health regulatory agencies worldwide for its safety and effectiveness in clinical applications.
What evidence supports the use of PBM in dentistry?
Numerous controlled clinical studies demonstrate PBM's effectiveness in improving healing, reducing inflammation, and alleviating pain associated with various oral health conditions.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Photobiomodulation in oral medicine”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The relevance of 'study' lies in its essential role in advancing the understanding and application of Photobiomodulation (PBM) within oral medicine. Clinical studies investigating the efficacy of PBM treatments have provided insights into its therapeutic potential for various oral diseases, underscoring the importance of evidence-based practices in clinical settings.
2) Pain:
'Pain' is a critical aspect addressed in the context of PBM therapies. Many oral conditions, such as Burning Mouth Syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, are characterized by significant pain. PBM offers a non-invasive method to alleviate pain through its analgesic effects, thereby improving patients’ quality of life.
3) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
The term 'burning' is particularly relevant in relation to Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS), which features a distressing burning sensation in the oral cavity. The exploration of PBM presents an innovative approach to addressing this symptom, aiming to reduce discomfort and enhance the overall management of BMS in patients.
4) Medicine:
'Medicine' represents the broader field within which PBM is applied. It encompasses the scientific, clinical, and therapeutic practices aimed at treating diseases and enhancing health. The study of PBM in oral medicine exemplifies how interventional therapies are evolving to incorporate non-invasive technologies for improving patient outcomes.
5) Disease:
'Diseases' encompasses the several oral conditions addressed by PBM, such as xerostomia and oral lichen planus. The research and literature surrounding PBM utilize a variety of disease contexts to illustrate its versatility and effectiveness as a therapeutic approach in oral medicine.
6) Xerostomia:
'Xerostomia', or dry mouth, is a common condition affecting oral health, particularly in the elderly. The text describes how PBM can stimulate salivary glands and enhance saliva production, offering a potential therapeutic intervention to improve oral moisture and overall quality of life for affected individuals.
7) Drug:
'Drug' is attributed to traditional medical therapies often used to manage oral conditions. Nevertheless, PBM is characterized as a non-drug, drug-free approach, highlighting its significance as an alternative treatment option that bypasses the potential side effects associated with pharmacological therapies.
8) Swallowing:
'Swallowing' refers to a fundamental function that can be compromised by oral diseases, impacting a patient's ability to consume food comfortably. Addressing oral discomfort through PBM effectively contributes to improving swallowing, enabling patients to maintain their nutrition and overall well-being despite oral health challenges.
9) Ulcer:
As a specific term for lesions, 'ulcer' is crucial to understanding conditions like recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The article highlights PBM's potential in healing ulcers, advocating for its use as a non-invasive treatment modality to alleviate pain and promote recovery in affected patients.
10) Life:
'Life' encompasses the quality and experiences of individuals living with oral diseases. The discussions of PBM’s effects on alleviating symptoms and enhancing healing aim to improve patients’ life experiences, contributing positively to their overall health and daily functionality.
11) Burning sensation:
'Burning sensation' specifically describes one of the hallmark symptoms of conditions like Burning Mouth Syndrome. PBM is explored as a method to mitigate this distressing symptom, emphasizing its role in improving patient comfort and quality of life within oral medicine.
12) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a key pathological process relevant to many oral diseases. PBM is noted for its anti-inflammatory effects, which can help regulate cytokine release and mitigate tissue inflammation, thereby facilitating healing and pain relief in various oral conditions.
13) Activity:
'Activity' pertains to the biological and biochemical processes stimulated by PBM. In the context of oral medicine, PBM enhances the activity of cellular mechanisms involved in healing, thereby promoting recovery and improving the outcomes of various oral therapeutic interventions.
14) Quality:
'Quality' reflects the overall effectiveness and outcomes associated with PBM treatments for oral diseases. Enhancing the quality of life for patients through symptom management, pain relief, and improved oral health is a primary objective highlighted in discussions about PBM's application.
15) Science (Scientific):
'Science' underpins the exploration of PBM in oral medicine. The text draws on scientific principles, mechanisms, and clinical studies to support claims about the efficacy of PBM, demonstrating the intricate relationship between scientific inquiry and clinical practice in dental health.
16) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
'Sharma' appears as a reference to ongoing research in the field. As a researcher or author mentioned in the study, it reflects the collaborative nature of scientific exploration, emphasizing the contributions of various individuals to the understanding of PBM.
17) Karu:
'Karu' is mentioned concerning foundational research on low-level laser therapy and its cellular effects. The contributions of Karu are pivotal in establishing the scientific basis for PBM, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in medicine.
18) Rama:
'Rama' refers to Rama Dental College, the institution affiliated with researchers in the study. This association emphasizes the importance of academic and clinical institutions in advancing research and application of innovative treatments like PBM in oral health care.
19) Food:
'Food' denotes an essential aspect of life, directly impacted by oral health conditions. The ability to eat comfortably influences overall nutrition, which can significantly affect physical health; thus, managing oral health through PBM is crucial for enabling normal eating behaviors.
20) Ter:
'Ther' may refer to therapeutic interventions such as PBMT (photobiomodulation therapy). This abbreviation underscores the focus on therapeutic techniques aimed at alleviating oral health issues, reinforcing the importance of nuanced treatment approaches in achieving optimal health outcomes.
21) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
'Transformation' relates to the changes within biological systems stimulated by PBM. This includes cellular transformations that enhance healing, efficiency, and recovery, illustrating the dynamic nature of therapeutic effects facilitated by light-based interventions in treating oral diseases.
22) Transmission:
'Transmission' refers to the processes involved in the propagation of signals, including pain. PBM's role in modulating peripheral and central nervous system transmissions underscores its significance in pain management, enhancing recovery and relief for patients with oral conditions.
23) Srivastava (Sri-vastava, Shrivastava, Shri-vastava):
'Srivastava' is another contributor to the research, representing collaboration in studying PBM applications in oral medicine. Each researcher mentioned adds depth and credence to the collective body of work advocating for innovative therapeutic practices in managing oral diseases.
24) Relative:
'Relative' may indicate the context within which PBM is compared to other treatments or approaches. The discussion of PBM’s relative efficacy highlights its potential advantages and applications in relation to traditional pharmaceutical therapies in oral health management.
25) Channel:
'Channel' reflects the specificity of mechanisms involved in PBM action, including those pathways crucial for cellular signaling. Reference to channels emphasizes the biological sophistication underpinning PBM's therapeutic effects in alleviating symptoms of oral diseases.
26) Animal:
Like 'animals', 'animal' refers to the foundational research done in animal models to establish the efficacy of PBM. Studies involving animals help clarify the biological mechanisms at play, offering insights that can facilitate future human clinical applications.
27) Family:
'Family' indicates the broader context surrounding patients dealing with oral health issues, often affecting their interactions and quality of life. Understanding the familial dynamics highlights the importance of considering emotional and psychological support alongside medical treatments.
28) Mathura (Mathur):
'Mathur' is likely another researcher contributing to the body of literature, emphasizing the collaborative nature of scientific exploration in the field of photobiomodulation. Contributions from various experts enhance the study's credibility and depth.
29) Kriti (Krti):
'Kriti' represents an important research author and contributor within the study. Each researcher’s input collectively provides a comprehensive understanding of PBM’s applications in oral medicine, reinforcing the community effort in advancing this area of science.
30) Kumar:
'Kumar' refers to another collaborator within the scientific community focused on exploring PBM. Mentioning researchers underscores the networking and collaborative structure of academic research, which is crucial for the advancement of medical knowledge.
31) Nahar:
'Nahar', like other names mentioned, represents a researcher engaged in studying the implications of PBM in oral health. Their work contributes to the exclusivity and credibility of the findings discussed in the literature, enhancing our understanding of effective treatment protocols.
32) Edema (Oedema):
'Edema' refers to the swelling caused by inflammation, which is a common symptom in various oral diseases. The ability of PBM to reduce edema emphasizes its role in managing inflammatory responses, facilitating healing and recovery for affected patients.
33) Blood:
'Blood' may indicate the significance of vascular responses related to inflammation and healing in oral contexts. The interplay between PBM and blood flow dynamics highlights its potential to promote effective tissue repair and recovery through enhanced circulation.
34) Matti:
'Mathi' could refer to another researcher contributing to the field. Similar to other names, this emphasizes the importance of collective research efforts and collaboration in studying innovative treatment modalities like PBM within oral medicine.
35) Bora:
'Bora', like other names in this context, signifies a specific contributor whose work supports the exploration of PBM. Collaborative efforts in medical research are essential for comprehensive insights and advancements that lead to improved patient care and treatment protocols.
36) Sam (Sham):
'Sham' refers to sham treatments used in clinical trials for control purposes. Recognizing the role of sham treatments helps validate clinical studies investigating the efficacy of PBM, ensuring findings are accurately attributed to the therapeutic intervention rather than placebo effects.
37) Ship:
'Ship' could refer to a researcher in pain management or oral health. Including diverse experts reinforces the multidisciplinary approach to understanding conditions like chronic pain and the potential for innovative therapies within the scientific community.
38) Sign:
'Sign' may relate to the clinical signs associated with oral diseases and responses to PBM treatments, providing crucial observational data that anchor the therapeutic effects of this light-based modality in dental medicine.
39) Hair:
'Hair' reflects an early focus of laser research by Endre Mester. Understanding the historical context and its evolution showcases the ongoing adaptation of laser therapy principles in emerging fields like PBM, highlighting the research's diverse applications.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Photobiomodulation in oral medicine’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Xerostomia, Clinical effectiveness, Low Level Laser Therapy, Non-invasive method, Food and Drug Administration, Anti-inflammatory effect, Oral medicine, Oral lichen planus, Burning Mouth Syndrome, Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Pemphigus vulgaris, Photobiomodulation.