Morphographic revision of Volvocales and Chlorococcales from Girna River.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Morphographic revision of the order volvocales and chlorococcales from girna river near jalgaon region maharashtra, india
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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R. B. Borse and P. V. Deshmukh
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Morphographic revision of the order volvocales and chlorococcales from girna river near jalgaon region maharashtra, india
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202215-25689
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by R. B. Borse and P. V. Deshmukh aims to enhance the understanding of the taxonomy of aquatic phototrophs, specifically the orders Volvocales and Chlorococcales, found in the Girna River near Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. It highlights the significance of these organisms as they resemble both animals and plants. Through sampling from three locations along the river, twenty-two species were identified and morphologically described, marking the first taxonomic report of such species from this region.
Morphological Diversity of Volvocales and Chlorococcales
One significant aspect of the study is the morphological characteristics of the identified species. The members of Volvocales and Chlorococcales display a variety of shapes, including elongate, ovoid, and spindle-like forms, generally measuring between 15 to 500 micrometers. They possess one or two flagella, which play a crucial role in their locomotion, allowing them to move through water either by helical rotation or a wiggling motion. The diversity in chloroplast morphology, which affects the number, size, and arrangement of pyrenoids, further signifies the complexity within these groups. The study provides detailed descriptions and photographs of the species, contributing valuable information to their classification and ecological understanding.
Ecological Distribution and Habitats
Another important concept discussed in the study is the ecological distribution of these orders. While members of Volvocales and Chlorococcales are predominantly freshwater organisms found in diverse habitats such as ponds, lakes, and streams, they can also thrive in more polluted environments rich in organic matter. This adaptability is critical for survival, as it allows these organisms to occupy various ecological niches. The study indicates that ideal habitats include areas with substantial sunlight for photosynthesis and organic nutrient availability, which are crucial for the growth and sustainability of these phototrophic species.
Taxonomic Significance and New Discoveries
The taxonomic implications of the research are notable, as it identifies and categorizes species for the first time in the Girna River region. With at least 173 genera and 1,079 species reported within the order Chlorococcales alone, the study emphasizes the rich biodiversity present in this specific geographic area. Newly identified taxa, such as Characium philiposii, illustrate the importance of continuous exploration and documentation of aquatic organisms. The findings contribute significantly to taxonomic literature and can facilitate future research in understanding the ecological roles of these algae in freshwater ecosystems.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the research conducted by Borse and Deshmukh provides a comprehensive overview of the Volvocales and Chlorococcales found in the Girna River, highlighting their morphological diversity, ecological adaptability, and taxonomic significance. With the identification of new species, this study not only enhances existing knowledge in algal taxonomy but also underscores the importance of conserving freshwater biodiversity. The documentation of these organisms serves as a critical resource for future ecological studies and conservation efforts aimed at protecting aquatic ecosystems in the region.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the main orders of aquatic phototrophs studied?
The main orders studied are Volvocales and Chlorococcales, which include various genera of green algae inhabiting fresh and marine waters.
How many species of Volvocales and Chlorococcales were identified?
A total of twenty-two species of Volvocales and Chlorococcales were observed and described under light microscopy for the first time in the Girna River region.
What is the typical habitat for these algae?
These algae thrive in fresh water bodies like ponds and lakes but can also inhabit polluted water rich in organic matter, often giving the water a green appearance.
What unique features characterize Volvocales algae?
Volvocales are mainly motile, with unicellular and colonial forms that possess two to four whiplash-type flagella, allowing them to exhibit swimming behaviors.
What methods were used to collect algal samples?
Sample collection involved using forceps and hand, during daylight hours, and storing them in acid-washed containers for thorough taxonomic investigation.
What distinguishes Chlorococcales from Volvocales?
Chlorococcales primarily consist of unicellular or non-motile forms with a single nucleus and can reproduce by forming aplanospores, differing from the motile cells of Volvocales.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Morphographic revision of Volvocales and Chlorococcales from Girna River.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) India:
India is a country in South Asia known for its diverse ecosystems, rich biodiversity, and large variety of freshwater and marine habitats. It plays a crucial role in global biodiversity as home to many species of aquatic organisms, including various genera of algae like Volvocales and Chlorococcales, which are the focus of the study.
2) Genu:
The term 'genu' generally refers to a knee-like structure or joint, and in a biological context, it can be used to describe specific bend or curvature in certain organisms. However, its relevance may vary depending on the specific scientific discourse and is less prominent in the context of the study.
3) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in western India known for its varied geography, including the Girna River basin, which is the primary focus of the study. The region's water bodies provide a habitat for aquatic phototrophs such as green algae, contributing to the ecological diversity and study of Volvocales and Chlorococcales.
4) Water:
Water is essential for all forms of life, particularly for aquatic organisms which depend on it for their habitat. In this study, water bodies like rivers, ponds, and polluted ditches serve as the environments where species of Volvocales and Chlorococcales are observed and collected for taxonomic research.
5) Species:
A species is a basic unit of biological classification that consists of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. The study identifies and classifies various species of freshwater algae, contributing to the overall understanding of biodiversity within Maharashtra's aquatic ecosystems.
6) Family:
In taxonomy, a family is a higher rank that groups several related genera. The classification of algae into families such as Chlamydomonadaceae and Volvocaceae is critical for organizing biological diversity and aiding in the identification of species found in the Girna River.
7) Wall:
Walls often refer to the structures that define boundaries. In ecological contexts, walls might represent physical barriers that affect the dynamics of ecosystems, including water flow and nutrient distribution, ultimately influencing the habitat suitability for various algal species.
8) Patel:
Patel is a common surname in India, particularly in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. In scientific literature, individuals like Patel might be referenced for their contributions to research in various biological fields, including studies of freshwater algae and taxonomy.
9) Gujarat:
Gujarat is a state located on the western coast of India. Similar to Maharashtra, it has a variety of aquatic ecosystems that contribute to the study of freshwater biodiversity, including algae. Several species may be common to both regions and contribute to the larger ecological study.
10) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is a state in southern India known for its rich natural resources and biodiversity. The presence of certain algal species in Tamil Nadu can provide insights into the ecological variations across different states in India and contribute to national biodiversity records.
11) Mitra:
Mitra is a surname often associated with Indian scientists and researchers. The mention of Mitra in the study may refer to a key contributor to the classification and understanding of freshwater algae in India, representing collaborative efforts in significant biological research.
12) Tamil:
Tamil refers to both an ethnic group in southern India and the language they speak. As a region known for its biodiversity, knowledge of Tamil Nadu's unique flora and fauna, including various algal species, can add depth to the study of ecological patterns and species distribution.
13) Nadu:
The term 'Nadu' typically means 'land' or 'country' in the Tamil language. In the context of Tamil Nadu, it emphasizes the region's identity and underscores its rich cultural heritage, which can influence local ecological studies and biological research.
14) Depression:
In biology, 'depression' can refer to a dip or hollow in a structure, often used to describe certain morphological features in organisms. In the study of algae, morphological characteristics, including depressions in cell shapes, are significant for identification and classification purposes.
15) Surface:
The term 'surface' often relates to the outermost layer of an object. In aquatic environments, the surface is crucial for organisms like algae as it impacts light exposure essential for photosynthesis and may affect species distribution and interaction with other ecological components.
16) Venkataraman:
Venkataraman is a common Indian surname often associated with notable scientists. In the context of biodiversity, researchers bearing this name may be cited for their contributions to the taxonomy and ecological studies relevant to Indian flora and algae.
17) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan, a state in northern India, encompasses diverse ecosystems that can yield insights into the distribution of algae. Studies from this region contribute to understanding how geographical differences impact species diversity, including freshwater phototrophs found in aquatic habitats.
18) Dakshini (Daksini):
The term 'Dakshini' refers to the southern region of India in the Hindi and several Indian languages. It highlights the geographical significance in the study of algae distribution, showcasing how biodiversity varies between northern and southern regions.
19) Commerce:
Commerce refers to the activity of trading and business. In scientific contexts, commerce can intersect with biology through the study of economically important species, including algae, which can have applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and other industries.
20) Jalgaon:
Jalgaon is a city in Maharashtra known for its agricultural activities and proximity to the Girna River. The water bodies in this region are vital for studying freshwater algae, which play significant ecological roles and contribute to local biodiversity.
21) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. In this study, scientific methods are employed to classify and understand the diversity of aquatic phototrophs, demonstrating the importance of rigorous research methodologies in biological sciences.
22) Naganatha (Naganath, Naga-natha, Nagnath):
Nagnath is a name often associated with educational institutions or individuals in Maharashtra. In studies pertaining to local biodiversity, individuals or institutions bearing this name may contribute significant research concerning aquatic ecosystems and taxonomy in the region.
23) Bengal (Bemgal):
Bengal, a region in eastern India, is known for its rich diversity in flora and fauna. Similar to Maharashtra, it has its unique ecosystems that can influence the distribution and study of various algal species, contributing to the broader understanding of Indian freshwater biodiversity.
24) Animal:
Animals are multicellular organisms that form a biological kingdom, different from plants and fungi. The study of algae must consider their interactions with animal species as these relationships can inherently impact nutrient cycles, population dynamics, and ecosystem stability.
25) Gupta:
Gupta is a common surname in India, often associated with scientists and researchers. The mention of individuals with this surname in scientific literature suggests contributions to biological studies, including those focusing on the taxonomy and ecological significance of algae and other organisms.
26) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital territory of India, is a major urban center that may have diverse aquatic habitats in its vicinity. Studies in this region can provide insights into urban biodiversity and the distribution of freshwater algae, contributing to a national understanding of ecological patterns.
27) Bihar:
Bihar, a state in eastern India, is characterized by its rich agricultural lands and river systems. The ecological characteristics of Bihar can impact the study of freshwater algae, with species distribution varying significantly from other regions in India, reflecting local environmental conditions.
28) Rich (Rch):
The term 'rich' in a biological context often refers to areas abundant in resources or biodiversity. Regions like Maharashtra showcase rich ecosystems that support diverse species of algae, which thrive in nutrient-loaded environments, contributing to ecological balance and productivity.
29) Substance:
A substance is a form of matter with specific properties. In the study of aquatic ecosystems, understanding the types of substances present in water bodies, such as nutrients, is critical for determining the health and diversity of algal populations and their ecosystems.
30) Knowledge:
Knowledge in scientific terms refers to the understanding or information acquired through research and study. The knowledge gained about freshwater algae from various regions aids in appreciating biodiversity, ecological interactions, and the importance of conservation efforts.
31) Container:
A container is any receptacle used to hold materials, often used in the collection and preservation of samples in ecological studies. In research involving algae, containers are essential for safely transporting specimens for identification and further analysis.
32) Habitat:
A habitat refers to the natural environment where an organism lives and grows. For algae, diverse habitats such as rivers, ponds, and ditches provide essential conditions, including light and nutrients, that support their growth, reproduction, and ecological functions.
33) Filling (Filled):
Filling can refer to the act of occupying space within a container. In biological terms, it can denote how organisms or substances occupy ecological niches within their environments, emphasizing the importance of spatial dynamics within aquatic ecosystems.
34) Kerala:
Kerala is a state in southern India known for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems. Similar to Maharashtra, studies involving freshwater algae in Kerala can highlight important regional variations in species richness, contributing to broader ecological and conservation efforts.
35) Gold (Golden):
Golden typically refers to a color associated with wealth or quality but in a biological context, it can refer to organisms that exhibit this color due to specific pigments. Understanding the pigmentation strategies of algae can be critical in their classification and ecological roles.
36) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi is a common surname in India, often associated with individuals who contribute to scientific research. In this study's context, the mention of Joshi may highlight contributions to the understanding of biodiversity, classification, and research methodologies in algal studies.
37) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the detailed examination or analysis of a subject. In the context of this research, studying algal diversity provides insights into aquatic ecosystems, enhances taxonomical knowledge, and contributes to the understanding of ecological interactions within freshwater environments.
38) Tree:
A tree is a perennial plant characterized by a trunk that supports branches and leaves. In ecology, trees play critical roles in habitats, including shading aquatic ecosystems and affecting the conditions under which algae and other organisms thrive.
39) Food:
Food encompasses materials consumed by organisms for energy and nourishment. In aquatic ecosystems, algae serve as primary producers, synthesizing organic matter through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food web, and directly affecting the health and sustainability of aquatic habitats.
40) Bell:
Bell might refer to a shape often associated with certain organisms or structures but is less applicable in a biological context. However, understanding organ morphology, including bell-shaped structures in specific species, can aid in the identification of certain algal forms.
41) Hand:
In a biological context, 'hand' may refer to a specific anatomical feature or appendage. This term might appear less relevant in the context of the algae study but can symbolize the manipulation and examination of specimens or represent a researcher’s role in field studies.
42) Soil:
Soil is the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a natural resource rich in organic matter and nutrients. While primarily terrestrial, soil interacts with freshwater systems, influencing water quality and nutrient availability for algae, affecting their growth and diversity.
43) Life:
Life signifies the characteristic state of living organisms, marked by growth, reproduction, and response to the environment. The study of freshwater algae represents life forms that contribute to ecosystem functions, indicating the intricate balance needed to sustain biodiversity in aquatic habitats.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Morphographic revision of Volvocales and Chlorococcales from Girna River.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Symbiotic relationship, Morphological description, Sample collection.