A systematic review on momordica charantia
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A systematic review on momordica charantia
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Debayan Bhattacharjee, Prathibha G. S., Mallikarjun D. P., Megharaj K. V., Manoj A. N., Dhanush C. R., Naveen Kumar M. and Pramod Channammanavar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A systematic review on momordica charantia
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202216-26385
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or Karela, is a plant in the Cucurbitaceae family, celebrated for its diverse medicinal properties and culinary uses worldwide. Traditionally, it has been utilized in various forms of alternative medicine, particularly for managing conditions such as diabetes mellitus, digestive issues, and skin infections. This plant's pharmacological potential has caught the attention of researchers, resulting in over a hundred modern studies that validate its efficacy against several ailments, including its roles in pain relief, immunity enhancement, and as an antibacterial and antiviral agent.
Antidiabetic Potential of Momordica Charantia
One of the most significant health benefits attributed to Momordica charantia is its potential in managing diabetes mellitus. The fruit contains several compounds, including charantin, which are known to exert hypoglycemic effects comparable to classically used antidiabetic medications like gliclazide and metformin. Its insulin-like components can stimulate glucose uptake, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. Numerous studies have documented the effectiveness of bitter melon juice or extracts in controlling hyperglycemia in patients, leading to its recommendation as a natural alternative for dietary management in diabetic patients.
Anticancer Properties
In addition to its antidiabetic applications, Momordica charantia has been studied for its anticancer properties. Various preclinical analyses have indicated that extracts from this plant can suppress the growth of several types of cancer cells, including breast, prostate, and liver cancers. Active compounds such as MAP30 have shown promise in inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Nevertheless, while preliminary findings are promising, comprehensive clinical trials are still needed to establish definitive anti-cancer benefits and treatment protocols involving bitter melon.
Antimicrobial Activity
The antimicrobial properties of Momordica charantia are well-documented, supporting its use in traditional medicine to treat various skin and gastrointestinal infections. Research has indicated that extracts of the leaves and fruit possess significant antimicrobial activity against pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. With its broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, bitter melon can serve as a preventive measure in regions plagued by infectious diseases and can enhance overall public health in tropical climates where such pathogens are prevalent.
Conclusion
Momordica charantia is a versatile plant renowned for its multifaceted therapeutic benefits and culinary uses, particularly in managing diabetes, combating cancer, and fighting infections. While extensive research supports its traditional applications, further clinical studies are essential to ensure optimal utilization of its properties in modern medicine. By consolidating traditional knowledge with scientific validation, bitter melon stands as a promising natural remedy in contemporary healthcare, advocating for a more integrative approach to disease management and health improvement.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Momordica charantia and its common names?
Momordica charantia, commonly known as Karela or Bitter Gourd, is a climbing plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is widely utilized in traditional medicine for its numerous health benefits.
What diseases can Momordica charantia effectively treat?
Momordica charantia is traditionally used to treat various conditions, including diabetes, infections, digestive issues, and skin problems. Its pharmacological activities also encompass antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-HIV, and anticancer properties.
What are the key chemical constituents of Momordica charantia?
Momordica charantia contains over 228 different medicinal compounds, such as proteins, triterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and saponins, which contribute to its diverse therapeutic properties and health benefits.
How does Momordica charantia help manage diabetes?
The hypoglycemic effects of Momordica charantia are attributed to its insulin-like compounds, which help regulate blood sugar levels. Regular consumption may support blood glucose control in individuals with diabetes.
What are the antimicrobial properties of Momordica charantia?
Extracts of Momordica charantia exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, including bacteria and protozoa. Studies show efficacy against E. coli, Salmonella, and even Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Is there scientific research validating Momordica charantia's medicinal claims?
Recent studies have validated many traditional claims about Momordica charantia, demonstrating its therapeutic benefits through over 100 scientific investigations, including its antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A systematic review on momordica charantia”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Bitter:
The term 'bitter' refers to the characteristic taste of certain plants, including Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter gourd or bitter melon. This bitterness is largely due to various phytochemicals present in the plant, which contribute to its medicinal properties and may act beneficially against various health conditions, especially in traditional medicine practices.
2) Momordica charantia:
Momordica charantia, or bitter gourd, is a tropical and subtropical vine belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It's renowned for its medicinal usage across cultures, particularly for its antidiabetic, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Research highlights its importance in alternative medicine, showcasing its potential in treating numerous health issues effectively.
3) Activity:
In the context of medicinal plants and pharmacology, 'activity' denotes the biological effects that compounds within a plant exert on living organisms. The activities of Momordica charantia include antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anticancer effects. Studies have focused on these activities to quantify benefits and establish mechanisms for therapeutic applications.
4) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a range of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Momordica charantia has been studied for its potential anticancer properties, with research indicating that its phytochemicals may inhibit tumor growth and aid in cancer treatment. Its inclusion in dietary regimens is being explored for cancer prevention.
5) India:
India has a long tradition of utilizing various plants for their medicinal properties, including Momordica charantia. The plant is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine for treating diabetes and other health conditions. India's diverse flora offers a significant opportunity for exploring herbal medicines and enhancing healthcare through natural resources.
6) Medicine:
In the context of this review, 'medicine' encompasses both traditional practices and modern pharmacological applications involving plant-based remedies. The significant interest in plants like Momordica charantia highlights an ongoing quest to validate traditional medicine claims through scientific research, fostering integration into contemporary medical practices.
7) Bitter gourd:
Bitter gourd, synonymous with Momordica charantia, is not only a staple vegetable but also celebrated for its health benefits. This vegetable is incorporated into diets across various cultures for its distinct flavor and purported medicinal properties, including potential effects on blood sugar levels and various ailments.
8) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' pertains to the systematic investigation and examination of the effects of Momordica charantia on various health conditions. Numerous studies have validated its traditional uses, elucidating the mechanisms behind its therapeutic properties and offering insights into potential pharmaceutical applications in managing diseases.
9) Food:
As both a culinary ingredient and a medicinal plant, food plays a crucial role in discussing Momordica charantia. The plant is widely consumed in various forms, offering nutritional benefits while simultaneously providing therapeutic effects, making it a pivotal element in health-promoting diets across cultures.
10) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
'Antibacterial' refers to the ability of a substance to inhibit bacterial growth. Studies have shown that extracts from Momordica charantia exhibit antibacterial activity against various pathogens, contributing to its usage in traditional medicine for treating infections and promoting overall health through natural remedies.
11) Disease:
The term 'diseases' encompasses various health conditions that affect the body's normal functioning. Research on Momordica charantia indicates its potential in managing numerous diseases, particularly metabolic disorders like diabetes, and highlights the increasing interest in herbal solutions for enhancing health outcomes.
12) Blood:
In medicinal contexts, 'blood' relates to its role in overall health and specific conditions like diabetes. Momordica charantia is believed to purify blood and manage blood sugar levels, thereby influencing various health indicators and offering therapeutic effects to improve metabolic conditions.
13) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological denotes the study of drug action, including how medicinal compounds affect biological systems. Understanding the pharmacological properties of Momordica charantia is pivotal for developing effective treatments based on its bioactive components, validating its use in herbal medicine, and guiding future research.
14) Leprosy:
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease primarily affecting the skin and nerves. Historically, traditional herbal remedies, including Momordica charantia, have been explored for their potential roles in treating leprosy. Research into its uses emphasizes the need for further studies to reveal its efficacy.
15) Indian:
The term 'Indian' in this context reflects the geographical origin and cultural significance of Momordica charantia. As an essential component of traditional Indian medicine, its applications highlight the rich heritage of utilizing local flora for therapeutic purposes, contributing to health and well-being in the region.
16) Lemon:
Lemon is frequently mentioned in combination with juices of bitter melon for therapeutic reasons. Combining these two contributes to various health benefits, including improving digestion, detoxifying the body, and enhancing the bioavailability of the nutrients, reinforcing the belief in the health-promoting aspects of natural dietary practices.
17) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India where medicinal plants, including Momordica charantia, are extensively used in traditional medicine. The state's biodiversity provides a rich source of herbal remedies, highlighting the cultural significance of local plants in promoting health and well-being among its population.
18) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm biological organisms. Studies examining the toxicity of Momordica charantia are crucial for understanding safe dosages and potential adverse effects, thus guiding its application in herbal medicine while ensuring patient safety.
19) Surface:
In plant biology, 'surface' may refer to the outer layer of a plant, such as leaves or fruits. The surface of Momordica charantia plays a role in its interaction with the environment and may be a site for extracting medicinal compounds, impacting its pharmacological applications.
20) Ulcer:
Ulcers are wounds that occur on the skin or mucous membranes, typically requiring medicinal intervention. Momordica charantia is recognized for its potential healing properties regarding ulcers, making it relevant in herbal treatments aimed at promoting recovery from these lesions.
21) Cina:
China has a long history of utilizing traditional medicine, including Momordica charantia, known as bitter melon. Its application in Chinese medicine emphasizes its importance in managing conditions like diabetes and digestive disorders, illustrating the cultural value assigned to herbal remedies in promoting health.
22) Diet:
'Diet' refers to the kinds of food consumed and their role in health. Incorporating Momordica charantia into dietary practices reflects its nutritional and medicinal potential. Embracing this plant in diets can enhance health, particularly in managing diseases prevalent in various populations.
23) Soil:
The term 'soil' relates to the growing conditions necessary for cultivating Momordica charantia. It thrives in diverse soils, indicating its adaptability and importance as a crop in various regions, contributing to both local economies and sustainable agricultural practices.
24) Substance:
'Substances' refer to the various chemical components found in plants. The study of substances in Momordica charantia aids in understanding its pharmacological benefits and identifying the specific compounds responsible for its diverse therapeutic activities.
25) Science (Scientific):
Scientific pursuits associated with Momordica charantia involve investigating its medicinal properties through rigorous research methodologies. Emphasizing scientific validation bridges traditional knowledge and modern medicine, fostering an environment for integrating herbal therapies into contemporary healthcare practice.
26) Species:
'Species' refers to a group of organisms that can interbreed. Momordica charantia, as a distinct species within the Cucurbitaceae family, holds significance in ethnobotanical studies, emphasizing the importance of biodiversity in discovering effective therapeutic agents in traditional medicine.
27) Karela:
Karela is the Hindi term for Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter gourd. It plays a vital role in Indian cuisine and traditional medicine, symbolizing the integration of herbal remedies in everyday life. Its popularity is linked to its health-promoting properties.
28) Family:
'Family' refers to a category in biological classification. Momordica charantia belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, which includes various plants known for their nutritional and medicinal attributes. Understanding its family ties aids in the study of related species and their applications in healthcare.
29) Silver:
Silver may relate to the use of silver compounds in traditional medicine practices. Research exploring the interactions between natural products like Momordica charantia and silver compounds can reveal novel therapeutic strategies and enhance the treatment of various infections.
30) Animal:
The term 'animal' relates to research involving animal models for studying the effects of Momordica charantia. Animal studies are essential for elucidating the pharmacological properties of the plant and understanding its potential applications in treating human health conditions.
31) Kumar:
Kumar could refer to a researcher or author involved in studying Momordica charantia. The contributions of individuals like Kumar in the field of pharmacognosy enhance the overall scientific understanding of the plant and its potential medicinal effects.
32) Rati:
Rathi may represent an author or researcher contributing to the body of knowledge surrounding Momordica charantia. Their work in research offers insights into the plant's pharmacological properties and promotes the importance of integrating traditional medicine with scientific inquiry.
33) Worm:
'Worm' pertains to the parasitic organisms targeted by anthelmintic treatments. Momordica charantia has a historical application in treating worm infestations, emphasizing its traditional use in promoting gastrointestinal health and managing parasitic diseases.
34) Beta:
The designation 'beta' may refer to various contexts, including biological classifications or compounds found in Momordica charantia. Understanding beta factors can be essential for pharmacological research focusing on dosages, effects, and interactions of the plant's bioactive components.
35) Ripe:
'Ripe' refers to the stage of fruit development where maximum flavor and medicinal properties are achieved. The ripeness of Momordica charantia affects its nutritional profile and phytochemical composition, highlighting its significance in culinary and medicinal applications.
36) Tai:
Thai relates to the region where another variant of Momordica charantia is used in culinary and medicinal practices. The incorporation of bitter gourd in Thai cuisine underscores its cross-cultural agricultural and medicinal significance, showcasing traditional knowledge and health benefits.
37) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia is another medicinal plant often studied alongside Momordica charantia. Both plants share traditional applications in treating diabetes and other ailments, reflecting a broader landscape of herbal remedies valued in complementary healthcare systems.
38) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are natural compounds produced by plants that exhibit biological activity. The study of phytochemicals in Momordica charantia elucidates its therapeutic properties, supporting its role in natural medicine and fostering further investigation into its pharmacological effects.
39) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs. While not the primary focus of Momordica charantia research, its potential antiviral and immunostimulant properties are being investigated for supporting immune response, which may aid in managing susceptibility to infections like tuberculosis.
40) Dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhoea):
Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstruation. Research indicates that Momordica charantia may offer relief from menstrual pain due to its herbal properties, suggesting its incorporation into traditional remedies for alleviating discomfort associated with menstrual cycles.
41) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Buttermilk is a dairy product that can be combined with bitter gourd juice for various health benefits, including improving digestion and detoxifying the body. This combination reflects traditional practices aimed at enhancing nutritional intake and overall well-being.
42) Alcoholism:
Alcoholism relates to the dependency on alcohol, negatively impacting health. The potential of Momordica charantia for liver protection and detoxifying properties offers a natural approach to addressing some health issues associated with excessive alcohol consumption, emphasizing the benefits of integrating herbal remedies.
43) Dressing:
In medical contexts, 'dressing' refers to protective coverings for wounds. Applications of Momordica charantia for healing may extend to enhancing wound healing processes, underscoring its therapeutic potential in managing injuries and supporting recovery.
44) Bleeding:
Bleeding in a medical context often denotes the loss of blood from the body, which may occur due to injuries or other health issues. Momordica charantia's potential properties could aid in addressing bleeding disorders, contributing to traditional medicinal practices.
45) Quality:
'Quality' reflects the standards and effectiveness of medicinal products derived from plants. Research on Momordica charantia focuses on ensuring the quality of extracts used in medicines, ensuring that therapeutic properties are maintained for reliable health benefits.
46) Habitat:
The term 'habitat' pertains to the natural environment where Momordica charantia grows, indicating its adaptability across various tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding its habitat contributes to better cultivation practices and conservation efforts.
47) Cutting:
In horticultural contexts, 'cutting' refers to a method of plant propagation. Utilizing cuttings from Momordica charantia propagates new plants, allowing continued utilization of its medicinal properties and culinary applications in various cultural settings.
48) Emerald:
Emerald is often used to describe the vibrant green hue of the young bitter gourd fruit. Its appearance relates to the gastronomic appeal of the vegetable, contributing to its popularity in culinary uses and attracting interest in its health benefits.
49) Malaya:
Malaya, a historical region in Southeast Asia, has utilized various medicinal plants, including Momordica charantia. The incorporation of this plant into local medicinal practices underscores its significance across cultures, contributing to traditional remedies aimed at improving health.
50) Panama:
Panama represents a geographic region where Momordica charantia is also found and utilized, reflecting its widespread use across cultures. Understanding its applications in different countries can guide research into the benefits and uses of this versatile plant globally.
51) Aureus:
Aureus often refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium known for its pathogenic effects. Research into the antibacterial properties of Momordica charantia showcases its potential for combating infections caused by such bacteria, reinforcing its significance in traditional and alternative medicine.
52) Forest:
Forests provide natural habitats where many medicinal plants, including Momordica charantia, thrive. Conservation of forest ecosystems is essential for preserving biodiversity and ensuring sustained availability of valuable plants for medicinal uses and research.
53) Powder:
Powder refers to the ground form of plant materials, which can enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic compounds in Momordica charantia during preparations. The use of powder can facilitate various applications, including dietary supplements and traditional remedies.
54) Saxena (Sakshena, Saksena):
Saxena may refer to researchers or authors contributing to studies on Momordica charantia. Their work underlines the importance of scientific exploration in validating the health benefits attributed to this medicinal plant and promoting its appropriate use in healthcare.
55) Danta (Damta):
Danta could refer to specific research or applications related to the use of Momordica charantia in traditional medicine systems. It emphasizes the multidimensional impact of the plant in complementary healthcare approaches.
56) Ghana:
Ghana represents a region where Momordica charantia is cultivated and utilized for its medicinal properties. Studies exploring its applications in Ghana contribute to the understanding of its role in improving public health and promoting traditional healing practices.
57) Malik:
Malik may signify a researcher or practitioner involved in the study or application of Momordica charantia. Continued research from such individuals helps substantiate the plant's medicinal claims and furthers knowledge within the field.
58) Water:
Water is essential for plant growth, including for cultivating Momordica charantia. Adequate hydration supports physiological processes and influences the concentration of bioactive compounds, contributing significantly to the efficacy of its medicinal properties.
59) Tulsi:
Tulsi, or holy basil, is another plant often studied alongside Momordica charantia. The joint use of these plants within traditional remedies highlights the synergy often found in herbal treatments, emphasizing the holistic approaches prevalent in various health systems.
60) Sugar:
Sugar in the context of Momordica charantia refers to its antidiabetic properties, particularly its ability to potentially lower blood sugar levels. This connection reinforces the importance of including bitter gourd in dietary recommendations for individuals managing diabetes.
61) Honey:
Honey is frequently seen as a natural sweetener in herbal remedies. Blending the juice of Momordica charantia with honey can enhance its palatability while also contributing to the overall therapeutic synergism of natural ingredients.
62) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi refers to the language commonly spoken in India, where Momordica charantia is known as 'karela.' The linguistic aspects of herbal knowledge emphasize the cultural significance of traditional remedies across various regions in India.
63) Table:
A 'table' often summarizes complex information, illustrating the chemical constituents, therapeutic uses, or comparisons with other compounds. Tables related to Momordica charantia can provide valuable insights for readers through concise presentation of pertinent data.
64) Fever:
Fever denotes a common symptom associated with infections. Research into the properties of Momordica charantia may reveal its role in managing fever through its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, supporting its use in traditional remedies.
65) Birth:
In a medical context, 'birth' pertains to processes involving reproduction. The historical usage of Momordica charantia reflects its role in women’s health, including aspects related to reproduction and postpartum care, contributing to its medicinal value.
66) Genu:
Genu may refer to anatomical or botanical terms related to plants. In research contexts, terminology like 'genu' influences the appropriate classification and study of anatomical features of Momordica charantia and its relatives.
67) Egypt:
Egypt represents a geographic region where Momordica charantia may be grown and used medicinally. The exploration of its applications in Egypt further reinforces the global implications and variations in traditional uses of medicinal plants.
68) Miṇi (Mini):
Mini refers to smaller varieties or cultivars of plants. In the context of Momordica charantia, mini bitter melons are recognized in various cuisines, highlighting the diversity within the species and its adaptability to different culinary practices.
69) Kuri:
Kuri may reference a person or place associated with research or utilization of Momordica charantia. Such connections illustrate the cultural and scholarly networks enhancing the understanding of traditional medicinal practices and the therapeutic potentials of the plant.
70) Chun:
Chun could refer to a researcher or a context related to the studies of medicinal plants like Momordica charantia, underscoring continued interest in elucidating the properties and traditional uses of herbology across cultures.
71) Silk:
'Silk' could pertain to various applications where plant materials, including Momordica charantia, are utilized, highlighting research on their textile properties or broader implications regarding plant-based materials in diverse fields.
72) Mota:
Mota could signify a researcher or a relevant study regarding Momordica charantia, contributing to the ongoing investigation of its diverse medicinal properties and traditional significance in health practices.
73) Line:
Line may refer to genetic lineages or classifications within the botanical context. Understanding the genetic line of Momordica charantia and its variations enhances the comprehension of its potential health benefits and traditional applications.
74) Pain:
Pain refers to physical suffering resulting from various health conditions. The analgesic properties attributed to Momordica charantia reinforce its historical applications in traditional medicine practices aimed at alleviating discomfort and improving quality of life.
75) Salt (Salty):
Salt in the context of dietary terms can relate to the balance of nutrients when consumed with bitter melon. The combination of salt with Momordica charantia can influence culinary practices, dietary modifications, and overall health outcomes.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 76]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘A systematic review on momordica charantia’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Momordica charantia, Blood-purifier, Antibacterial activity, Oxidative stress, Pharmacognosy department, Antimicrobial activity, Anticancer activity, Immune booster, Antidiabetic activity, Antiviral activity, Systematic Review, Hypoglycemic effect, Scientific assessment, Chemical constituent, Leaf extract, Hypoglycemic agent, Tropical region.