Eval of anti-spasmodic effect of Mangifera indica stem bark in chicken ileum.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of anti-spasmodic effect of mangifera indica stem bark using isolated chicken ileum
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Jasmine Shalet D. Souza, Aswathi Nambiar M. P., T. M. Fathima, Nabeesa Shahla M. M., Zainabath Wafa and Abdul Basith
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Evaluation of anti-spasmodic effect of mangifera indica stem bark using isolated chicken ileum
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202216-26287
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presents an evaluation of the anti-spasmodic effects of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango. This plant, belonging to the family Anacardiaceae, has been utilized in Indian ethnomedicine for various therapeutic purposes, including its anti-diabetic and spasmolytic properties, primarily attributed to the active compound mangiferin. The research aims to investigate the plant's potential in alleviating muscle spasms, specifically by examining its effects on isolated chicken ileum tissue in comparison with the standard antispasmodic drug, atropine.
Anti-Spasmodic Properties of Mangifera indica
The study employs an experimental design to assess the anti-spasmodic properties of the aqueous extract of Mangifera indica stem bark. Muscle spasms, which involve involuntary contractions that are often painful, can significantly impact various gastrointestinal disorders. The methodology involves exposing the isolated chicken ileum to acetylcholine (Ach) to induce spasms. The effectiveness of the plant extract is analyzed by observing the reduction of Ach-induced contractions, providing a comparative analysis against atropine, which serves as the standard reference drug.
Extraction and Phytochemical Analysis
To prepare the extract, the dried stem bark of Mangifera indica underwent a maceration process utilizing chloroform water, yielding a percentage extract of 4.7% (w/w). Phytochemical screening of the extracted aqueous solution revealed the presence of a variety of compounds, including alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins. These constituents are essential as they potentially contribute to the observed pharmacological activities, specifically the antispasmodic effects, indicating a rich diversity of bioactive compounds in this medicinal plant.
Dose-Response Relationship
The research quantitatively evaluates the relationship between the concentration of the extracts and the degree of muscle relaxation. The findings indicate that the aqueous extract successfully reduced the percentage of spasms induced by Ach, with the most significant effects observed at specific doses. Although the extract demonstrated notable antispasmodic activity, it was determined that its efficacy was comparatively lower than that of atropine. The dose-dependent curve illustrated a clear decrease in spasm intensity when the extract was introduced, showcasing its potential utility in traditional medicine for managing muscle spasms.
Conclusion
The study concludes that the aqueous extract of Mangifera indica stem bark possesses significant anti-spasmodic properties by modulating smooth muscle contractions, as evidenced through experimental analysis on chicken ileum. Given the presence of various phytochemical constituents, it is suggested that the observed effects are likely due to the synergistic action of these compounds. The findings advocate for the potential use of Mangifera indica as a natural alternative in antispasmodic therapies, encouraging further research into its applications in traditional medicine and pharmacotherapy.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main purpose of this study on Mangifera indica?
The study aims to evaluate the anti-spasmodic effects of Mangifera indica stem bark using isolated chicken ileum, comparing its efficacy to atropine.
What plant is being studied for its anti-spasmodic effects?
The study focuses on Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, which is reported to have various medicinal properties, including spasmolytic activity.
Which methods were used to extract compounds from the stem bark?
Extraction was performed using the maceration technique with chloroform water, where dried stem bark powder was dissolved and filtered to obtain the extract.
What were the major phytochemicals found in the extract?
Phytochemical screening identified the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids in the aqueous extract.
How was the anti-spasmodic activity assessed in the study?
Anti-spasmodic activity was assessed by measuring responses in chicken ileum to acetylcholine, comparing effects of the aqueous extract with those of atropine.
What conclusion was drawn from the study regarding Mangifera indica?
The study concluded that the aqueous extract of Mangifera indica exhibits significant anti-spasmodic activity, although its effect is comparatively less than that of atropine.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Eval of anti-spasmodic effect of Mangifera indica stem bark in chicken ileum.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
Drugs are substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. In pharmacological contexts, the focus is primarily on understanding how natural or synthetic compounds can exert therapeutic benefits. This study seeks to establish the efficacy of a natural drug obtained from Mangifera indica in treating muscle spasms.
2) Mangifera indica:
Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. It's widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in India, for its diverse medicinal properties, including antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The stem bark extract was specifically evaluated for its antispasmodic effects, showcasing the plant's relevance in pharmacology and ethnomedicine.
3) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants, believed to contribute to various health benefits. This study highlights the phytochemical components of Mangifera indica, such as alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids, which were identified and may play a crucial role in imparting the observed pharmacological activities, especially the antispasmodic effects.
4) Activity:
Activity in pharmacological terms refers to the biological effect or response elicited by a substance. In this research, it relates to the antispasmodic activity assessed through the contraction of isolated chicken ileum in response to acetylcholine, providing insight into the therapeutic potential of the Mangifera indica extract.
5) Study (Studying):
A study denotes a scientific investigation aimed at exploring specific hypotheses or research questions. This particular study evaluates the antispasmodic effects of Mangifera indica stem bark, employing methodologies such as extraction, phytochemical screening, and pharmacological assays to derive and analyze results pertaining to its therapeutic properties.
6) Kasaragod:
Kasaragod is a district located in the northern part of Kerala, India. The significance of this location in the study lies in its role as the source for the collection of Mangifera indica stem bark, emphasizing the importance of regional biodiversity in the research on traditional medicinal plants and their pharmaceutical applications.
7) Kerala:
Kerala is a state in South India, recognized for its rich cultural heritage and diverse flora. The state plays a significant role in the context of this study, being home to various medicinal plants, including Mangifera indica, which have been traditionally used in local health practices and possess various therapeutic potentials.
8) Malik:
Malik refers to Malik Deenar College of Pharmacy, where the research was conducted. The institution provides the academic framework and resources necessary for conducting pharmacological studies. It plays a pivotal role in the exploration of medicinal plants, particularly in the formulation and evaluation of potential therapeutic agents.
9) Water:
Water, in this context, refers to the solvent used in the extraction process of the Mangifera indica stem bark. The use of water as an extraction solvent is significant as it aligns with various traditional extraction methods, potentially enhancing the bioactivity of the resulting phytochemical compounds retained in the aqueous extract.
10) Family:
Family refers to a taxonomic rank in biological classification. In this study, the Mangifera indica belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, which encompasses various plants known for their phytochemical properties and medicinal uses. Understanding family classification aids in the identification of related plants and their potential therapeutic effects.
11) Table:
A table presents organized data effectively, aiming to convey results clearly and efficiently. In the study, tables are used to summarize findings, such as phytochemical composition and percentages of activity, enabling readers to quickly understand the experimental outcomes and their implications in the context of the pharmacological research.
12) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the scientific discipline that studies drugs and their effects on biological systems. It encompasses the understanding of drug mechanisms, effects, and therapeutic potentials. This study is rooted in pharmacology as it investigates the antispasmodic effects of Mangifera indica extract, contributing to the field's knowledge base regarding natural products.
13) Jasmine:
Jasmine refers to the primary author of the study, Jasmine Shalet D. Souza. The mention of specific researchers adds credibility to the research, highlighting the contributions of individuals in advancing scientific knowledge and their roles in studying the pharmacological effects of various plant extracts.
14) Powder:
Powder refers to the form in which the dried stem bark of Mangifera indica was processed before extraction. This is crucial in the context of the study, as the particle size can influence the efficiency of extraction processes and the subsequent pharmacological activity of the resulting extracts.
15) Mango:
Mango is the common name for the fruit produced by Mangifera indica. Beyond its culinary significance, the mango plant is extensively studied for its medicinal properties, including the potential health benefits associated with various parts of the plant, such as the stem bark, explored in this research for its antispasmodic effects.
16) Tree:
Trees symbolize significant biodiversity, particularly in the context of plants like Mangifera indica used for their medicinal properties. The exploration of tree-derived extracts highlights the importance of tree species in providing natural health solutions while emphasizing conservation and sustainable utilization of these resources to support pharmacological research.
17) Pharmacotherapy:
Pharmacotherapy is the treatment of diseases through the administration of drugs. This study explores the potential of the aqueous extract of Mangifera indica stem bark in providing therapeutic effects, showcasing its relevance in pharmacotherapy, particularly in addressing conditions like muscle spasms and gastrointestinal disorders.
18) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems. This study provides pharmacological insights into the activities of Mangifera indica, assessing the extract's potential as an antispasmodic agent and contributing to the understanding of how natural products can be utilized in modern medicine.
19) Observation:
Observation, in research, signifies the act of monitoring and recording outcomes during experiments. This could refer to the individual instances noted by the researchers, contributing to the data which informs the study's conclusions about the antispasmodic properties of Mangifera indica, showcasing scientific rigor in methodology.
20) Discussion:
Discussion in a scientific paper refers to the section where results are interpreted and contextualized. This study's discussion reviews the findings, analyzes the significance of the phytochemical composition, and correlates the observed antispasmodic activity with the constituents, helping to bridge experimental results with theoretical understanding.
21) Developing:
Developing in this context refers to countries or regions that are in the process of economic and social advancement. The study emphasizes the importance of traditional medicine, particularly in developing areas like India, where medicinal plants serve as vital resources for healthcare due to limited access to modern medical services.
22) Container:
Container refers to the air-tight storage used for keeping the powdered stem bark of Mangifera indica before extraction. Proper storage is essential in ensuring the longevity and integrity of the phytochemicals present, thus maintaining their potential efficacy for subsequent testing in pharmacological studies.
23) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a specific class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. While the study addresses various constituents present in the Mangifera indica extract, the mention of flavonoids signifies the importance of such compounds in imparting therapeutic effects and warrants further investigation regarding their role in pharmacological activity.
24) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional Indian system of medicine that emphasizes the use of natural herbs and holistic approaches to health. Mangifera indica has been integrated into Ayurvedic practices for centuries, and this study highlights the need for scientific validation of its traditional uses to support modern therapeutic applications.
25) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the field focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. The study's essence lies in contributing to the body of knowledge regarding natural products in medicine, asserting the significance of exploring plant-based therapies for their potential utility in modern healthcare practices.
26) Disease:
A disease is a specific disorder characterized by a set of symptoms and physiological changes. Understanding diseases is crucial in pharmacology as the aim is to discover effective treatments. This study particularly focuses on conditions that involve muscle spasms, emphasizing the role of Mangifera indica as a therapeutic agent.
27) Species:
Species is the basic unit of biological classification, referring to a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Mangifera indica is one specific species within the wider genus Mangifera, crucial for scientific understanding and classification in the context of medicinal plants and their uses.
28) Gelatin:
Gelatin is a protein derived from collagen, used in various biochemical tests. While its mention in the study does not directly relate to the main focus, its presence in phytochemical screening highlights the methodologies employed to evaluate compounds, ensuring accurate identification of phytochemicals in Mangifera indica extracts.
29) Indian:
Indian indicates the geographical and cultural context of the study. It emphasizes the traditional knowledge and medicinal practices prevalent in India, showcasing how indigenous knowledge systems contribute to contemporary research on plant-based therapies, particularly for ailments treated by established Ayurvedic systems.
30) House:
House refers to the place where the chicken ileum was collected for the study. This term may indicate the significance of hygienic practices in maintaining sample integrity, which is essential to producing reliable and valid experimental data during pharmacological investigations.
31) Genu:
Genu refers to a genus in taxonomy, similar to 'genus'. While it appears to have been a typographical error for genus in the context, the term underscores the importance of proper classification of species such as Mangifera indica, which is significant for researchers investigating its medicinal properties.
32) Line:
Line may refer to a lineage or a classification scheme in the context of biology or pharmacology. It signifies the importance of understanding the genetic and evolutionary relationships between different species and their pharmacological attributes, enhancing the knowledge of how related plants can be used therapeutically.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Eval of anti-spasmodic effect of Mangifera indica stem bark in chicken ileum.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Pharmacotherapy, Medicinal plant, Mangifera indica, Traditional medicine, Irritable bowel syndrome, Phytochemical screening, Muscle spasm, Aqueous extract, Ethnomedicine, Tannin, Acetylcholine, Dose response curve, Stem Bark, Alkaloid, Terpenoid, Phytochemical test, Gastrointestinal disorder.