Proximate analysis of two varieties of capsicum species
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Proximate analysis of two varieties of capsicum species
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Zafar Iqbal, Nasrullah and Abeera Zafar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Proximate analysis of two varieties of capsicum species
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202217-26417
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Capsicum, commonly known as chilli, is a widely cultivated plant used both as a spice and for its medicinal properties. It belongs to the Solanaceae family and includes multiple species, with Capsicum annuum being one of the most common varieties. Chilli plants were introduced to the Indo-Pak subcontinent by Portuguese traders and have since become integral to regional cuisines. Pakistan faces challenges in competing in the global chilli export market, where India, being the largest producer, dominates with 25% of global production. The research highlighted in this article focuses on the proximate analysis of two varieties of Capsicum annuum, specifically the round and long varieties, evaluating their nutritional content.
Nutritional Composition of Capsicum
The study conducted a proximate analysis of the round and long varieties of Capsicum annuum, measuring key nutritional components such as moisture content, protein, fat, ash, and fiber. The round variety exhibited moisture content of 4.66%, 2.94% protein, 2.99% fat, 5.17% ash, and 10.55% fiber. In contrast, the long variety showed slightly higher moisture content at 6.37%, lower protein content at 2.51%, and similar fat and ash content to the round variety. These findings indicate that both varieties are rich in nutritional value, making them beneficial for human consumption.
Extraction and Analysis Methodology
The oleoresin from both varieties of Capsicum annuum was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with a solvent mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate. This specific method allows for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds, resulting in a deep red liquid with a strong aroma. The meal resulting from the extraction process was subjected to various tests for proximate analysis. Techniques employed included the Kjeldahl method for measuring protein content, Soxhlet extraction for fat analysis, and incineration for ash content determination, ensuring accurate quantification of the essential nutrients in the plant.
Economic Importance and Culinary Uses
Chillies hold significant economic importance in Pakistan as a cash crop and are utilized widely within local cuisine. Pakistan is among the top producers globally, contributing considerably to its GDP. Apart from enhancing flavor in traditional dishes, chillies are also used in pickles, salads, and appetizers. Their pungency not only adds spice but also has beneficial impacts in medicinal preparations, including treatments for arthritis and other pain-related conditions. As a result, the culinary versatility and health benefits of Capsicum annuum highlight its essential role in South Asian diets.
Conclusion
The proximate analysis of round and long varieties of Capsicum annuum has demonstrated their rich nutritional profiles, with significant levels of moisture, protein, fat, ash, and fiber. These findings suggest that both varieties can be valuable additions to diets, contributing to human health and offering potential applications in food preservation through their phytochemical properties. Future research should explore the effects of various non-thermal methods on Capsicum constituents, promoting both safety and sensory qualities in food products. Overall, the nutritional richness and culinary versatility of Capsicum annuum underscored its importance in both local and global contexts.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the two varieties of Capsicum examined in the study?
The study examines two varieties of Capsicum annum: the Round variety and the Long variety, both of which were extracted for oleoresin using n-hexane and ethyl acetate.
What nutritional contents were analyzed in the Capsicum species?
The proximate analysis determined the moisture content, protein content, fiber content, fat content, and ash content of the two varieties of Capsicum annum.
What were the moisture content percentages for the Round and Long varieties?
The moisture content for the Round variety of Capsicum annum was 4.66%, while for the Long variety, it was 6.37%.
How was the oleoresin extracted from the Capsicum annum?
Oleoresin was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus, employing a combination of n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents.
What health benefits do chillies offer according to the study?
Chillies are beneficial for their nutritional content and are used in various medicinal treatments, including ailments like arthritis and neuropathic pain.
What significant findings were reported regarding the nutritional value of Capsicum annum?
Both varieties are rich in nutritional contents, with significant levels of protein, fiber, and fat, making them valuable for human consumption.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Proximate analysis of two varieties of capsicum species”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Cilli:
Chilli refers to the variety of Capsicum species cultivated globally, known for its distinct pungency and vibrant colors. It serves not only as a spice but also as a vital ingredient in various cuisines, providing flavor and health benefits due to its phytochemical properties, supporting its nutritional value.
2) Food:
Food denotes the materials consumed by living beings for nutritional support, and in this context, it highlights the significance of Capsicum species as an edible item. Chilli, specifically, contributes flavor and nutritional value, thus enhancing the culinary experience and addressing dietary needs across cultures.
3) Water:
Water is key in various biological and chemical processes, including in the proximate analysis of Capsicum species. It plays a crucial role in plant growth, aiding in nutrient transportation, and serves as a solvent in chemical extractions during research, emphasizing its fundamental importance in food science and agriculture.
4) Species:
Species in this context refers to the distinct classifications of the Capsicum plant; specifically, Capsicum annum is the focus. Understanding the species is crucial for studies related to cultivation, characteristics, and nutritional content, aiding in agricultural practices and providing insights into biodiversity and food systems.
5) Lahore:
Lahore, a prominent city in Pakistan, is highlighted as the location where the research was conducted. The city’s rich agricultural practices make it significant for the cultivation of Capsicum. This geographical mention provides context to local agricultural trends, preferences, and the economic impact on the region's chilli production.
6) India:
India is mentioned as a key player in the global chilli market, being one of the largest producers and exporters. This highlights competitive dynamics and economic importance in agriculture. The reference underscores the role of Indian spices in global cuisine, emphasizing trade, cultural significance, and production statistics.
7) Cina:
China is recognized as a major producer and competitor in the chilli market. Its agricultural practices and outputs directly influence global supply chains and pricing. By mentioning China, the study provides a comparative overview of production statistics, contributing to understanding regional agricultural outputs and global market dynamics.
8) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals describe bioactive compounds derived from plants, particularly relevant in chilli for their health benefits. They contribute to the nutritional value of Capsicum species and play a key role in food preservation and safety. Their exploration in this research reflects ongoing interest in natural substances that enhance human health.
9) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to the abundance of essential nutrients present in Capsicum species, including proteins, fats, and phytochemicals. This term underscores the findings of the study, indicating that both round and long varieties of Capsicum are beneficial for human consumption and highlights the agricultural importance of these varieties.
10) Dish (Dis):
Dish symbolizes the culinary application of Capsicum species in Pakistani cuisine, where chillies are integral for adding flavor. The association with food indicates the cultural significance of chillies in daily meals, enhancing taste, and showcasing the integration of traditional spices in local gastronomy.
11) Pungent:
Pungent describes the characteristic heat and aroma of chillies, crucial for their culinary appeal. This sensory perception not only contributes to flavor profiles in dishes but also reflects the biochemical compounds responsible for these properties, making Capsicum species essential in both gastronomic and medicinal contexts.
12) Table:
Table pertains to tabulated data presented within the research, summarizing the proximate analysis results. Tables provide clarity and facilitate comparison of nutritional content, making complex data more accessible, which is vital for scientific communication and understanding research outcomes.
13) Genu:
Genu likely refers to a typographical error for 'Genus' and should indicate a similar context in the biological classification system as it relates to Capsicum. It reinforces the importance of proper classification in understanding the relationships within the plant family and its importance in studies of biodiversity.
14) Discussion:
Discussion in a research context refers to the analytical bracket where findings are interpreted and related to existing literature. It is crucial for contextualizing results of the proximate analysis, enhancing understanding of nutritional implications, and proposing areas for future research and agricultural practices.
15) Substance:
Substance denotes materials with distinct biochemical properties. In this research, it emphasizes the significant naturally occurring compounds in Capsicum that contribute to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Recognizing these substances is fundamental for their application in food science, health, and nutrition.
16) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the utilization of Capsicum for health benefits, highlighting its role in treating ailments like pain and inflammation. The mention underscores the dual role of chilli as both a culinary ingredient and a component in traditional medicinal practices, enhancing the understanding of its nutritional value.
17) Account:
Account in this context likely refers to a record or report on the production and export of chillies. It underlines the need for detailed documentation within agricultural economics, accounting for variations in production among countries, thereby illuminating trends and market behaviors in the global chilli industry.
18) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning describes a process in sampling, particularly during ash analysis where samples are incinerated to measure mineral content. This method is essential in proximate analysis, highlighting technical procedures in laboratory settings that contribute to understanding the nutritional composition of Capsicum.
19) Trader:
Trader highlights an individual engaged in the buying and selling of spices, contributing to the overall market dynamics. Recognizing traders emphasizes the interconnectedness of agricultural production and market systems, which impacts the economic viability of chilli cultivation in various regions.
20) Family:
Family denotes the taxonomic rank in biological classification, specifically referring to the Solanaceae family that includes Capsicum. Understanding the family categorization provides insights into the evolutionary biology, ecological interactions, and shared characteristics among related plant species.
21) Linen:
Linen refers to the cloth material used in filtering processes during the proximate analysis. Its mention in the research points to the practical methodologies employed in laboratory settings for isolating and quantifying components within chilli samples, thus reinforcing the importance of proper equipment in scientific research.
22) Aroma (A-roma):
Aroma denotes the characteristic scent associated with chillies, which is influenced by volatile compounds present in Capsicum. It emphasizes sensory aspects important for culinary applications and consumer preferences, linking the intrinsic qualities of chilli to its culinary and nutritional significance in various dishes.
23) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of Capsicum species conducted in the research. It emphasizes the scientific approach taken towards nutriochemical analysis, providing insights into the health benefits and applications of these varieties in food science and strategic agricultural practices.
24) Fainting (Fainted):
Faint describes the subtle characteristics of the meal obtained after oleoresin extraction, indicating lesser potency or flavor compared to the raw product. This descriptor emphasizes the transformation of Capsicum during processing and its effect on sensory properties, relevant for culinary applications and food quality.
25) Sindhi (Sindh, Shindhi):
Sindh is highlighted as a geographical area in Pakistan known for its chilli cultivation. This regional mention emphasizes the agricultural practices in producing Capsicum, contributing to the economic landscape and cultural significance of chillies within local cuisines.
26) Cash (Cas):
Cash in this context refers to cash crops, indicating that chillies are grown not only for subsistence but as a source of economic income. Recognizing chillies as a cash crop underscores their importance in agricultural planning, market value, and the livelihood of farmers.
27) Bell:
Bell refers to a type of Capsicum, specifically bell peppers, which are part of the genus Capsicum but differ from the pungent varieties discussed. This mention highlights the diversity within the family and its varied uses in culinary practices across different cultural cuisines.
28) Crop:
Crop refers to plants cultivated for food, including the two varieties of Capsicum studied. The term emphasizes agricultural practices, economic aspects, and the importance of these plants in food supply chains, where Capsicum serves both nutritional and commercial purposes.
29) Pain:
Pain indicates the medicinal applications of Capsicum, often utilized in treatments for pain relief. This highlights the dual role of Capsicum species as both a food source and a potential therapeutic agent, reinforcing the significance of phytochemicals found in chilli for health and wellness.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Proximate analysis of two varieties of capsicum species’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Phytochemical, Nutritional value, Moisture content, Ash Content, Fiber content, Nutritional analysis, Soxhlet Apparatus, Proximate analysis, Fat content, Protein content, Nutritional content.