Advances in management of acute hypertension

a concise review

| Posted in: Health Sciences Science Journals

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Advances in management of acute hypertension
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: a concise review

Original source:

This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.

Author:

Anees Mian and Mohd. Junaid


Download the PDF file of the original publication


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Advances in management of acute hypertension

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Acute episodes of hypertension represent a significant health challenge, with over a billion people affected globally. In clinical settings such as emergencies, intensive care, and surgery, the prompt recognition and management of acute hypertensive episodes (AHE) is critical to prevent end-organ damage. These episodes can either arise from exacerbations of pre-existing conditions or occur de novo, wherein a previously normotensive individual may suddenly experience severe hypertension. Current debates in clinical practice focus on the appropriate choice of antihypertensive medication and treatment protocols necessary for achieving controlled and maintained blood pressure levels.

The Role of Clevidipine in Acute Hypertension Management

Clevidipine is a noteworthy advancement in the treatment of acute hypertension, acting as an ultra-short-acting intravenous dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker. Approved by the FDA in 2008, clevidipine is noted for its rapid onset and offset of action, allowing for precise titration essential for managing hypertensive crises effectively. It operates by inducing arterial vasodilation without significantly impacting venous capacitance or myocardial contractility. The drug's unique pharmacodynamic properties enable healthcare providers to achieve a targeted blood pressure range quickly and safely while minimizing the risk of overshooting, thereby protecting against organ hypoperfusion.

Distinction Between Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency

Hypertensive crises can be categorized into hypertensive emergencies and urgencies. A hypertensive emergency is defined by significantly elevated blood pressure (BP) often exceeding 180/120 mmHg, alongside signs of end-organ damage, such as renal failure or cardiac dysfunction. Conversely, hypertensive urgency shares the same BP threshold but lacks evidence of immediate organ damage, thus allowing for a less aggressive treatment approach. Understanding this distinction is vital for effective management, as the treatment protocols differ considerably based on the presence or absence of end-organ compromise.

Implications of Non-Compliance and Readmission Rates

Non-compliance with antihypertensive regimens significantly contributes to the frequency of acute hypertensive episodes, with research indicating that individuals who fail to adhere to their medication are more likely to experience such crises. Factors contributing to readmission rates following treatment for acute hypertension include substance abuse, existing chronic conditions like kidney disease, and socio-economic variables. Recognizing these factors is essential for healthcare providers when developing individualized treatment plans and improving overall patient compliance and outcomes.

Conclusion

In summary, effective management of acute hypertension requires a multifaceted approach incorporating rapid diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and an understanding of patient compliance and unique clinical presentations. Clevidipine has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic option that facilitates the precise control of blood pressure in crises, with studies suggesting its efficacy in achieving targeted BP ranges while minimizing risks associated with aggressive treatment. Future research should continue to explore tailored therapeutic strategies and the impact of socio-economic and health factors on hypertension management, ultimately aiming to enhance care quality and patient outcomes in those experiencing acute hypertensive events.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is acute hypertension and its impact on health?

Acute hypertension involves sudden spikes in blood pressure, risking end-organ damage. It affects over one billion individuals globally and remains a pressing health concern requiring timely intervention.

How is acute hypertensive episode (AHE) classified medically?

AHE is classified into hypertensive emergency and urgency. An emergency indicates blood pressure over 180/120 mmHg with organ damage, while urgency occurs without such damage.

What are common symptoms associated with hypertensive emergencies?

Symptoms include severe headaches, nausea, chest pain, dyspnea, and neurological issues. Recognizing these signs early can help prevent serious complications.

What role does Clevidipine play in managing acute hypertension?

Clevidipine is an intravenous dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker with an ultra short half-life, effectively lowering blood pressure rapidly without adverse heart rate effects.

Why is quick treatment for hypertensive emergencies essential?

Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent end-organ damage. It allows controlled blood pressure reduction, minimizing risks associated with severe hypertension.

What treatment strategies are recommended for hypertensive crises?

Treatment involves a careful, gradual blood pressure reduction goal, using intravenous medications like Clevidipine. Monitoring prevents overshooting or undershooting target blood pressure.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Advances in management of acute hypertension”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that carries oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing waste products. In the context of hypertension, blood pressure readings are crucial for diagnosing and managing acute hypertensive episodes that can lead to severe complications, including organ damage.

2) Reddi:
Reddi is likely a citation referring to a researcher or author who contributed to the understanding of hypertension or related medical fields. Understanding the contributions of various researchers helps build a more comprehensive view of current knowledge and advancements in treating hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions.

3) Study (Studying):
Study refers to research conducted to gather information and insights regarding the management of conditions like hypertension. Studies help validate the effectiveness of treatments, identify risk factors, and explore demographics, ultimately guiding clinical practice and improving patient outcomes through evidence-based medicine.

4) Disease:
Disease denotes a pathological condition that affects the body's normal functioning, such as chronic hypertension. Recognizing diseases is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Hypertension as a disease can lead to severe complications if not managed adequately, emphasizing the importance of proper care.

5) Post:
Post generally refers to a period or actions that occur after a specific event. In the context of hypertension, it often describes the aftermath of a treatment or clinical procedure, guiding care and management based on patients' responses to medication or surgical intervention.

6) Channel:
Channels refer to protein structures in the cell membrane that allow the passage of ions. Calcium channels are particularly relevant in hypertension treatment, as calcium-channel blockers play a crucial role in managing blood pressure effectively and safely.

7) Peacock:
Peacock likely refers to a researcher or expert in the field, contributing to literature on hypertension. Their work may include studies or trials focusing on hypertension treatments, providing vital insights that inform clinical guidelines and practices in managing high blood pressure effectively.

8) Table:
Table refers to a systematic presentation of data or classifications, such as blood pressure categories. Tables help clinicians quickly reference critical thresholds for diagnosing hypertension, facilitating better clinical decision-making and providing a clearer understanding of patient condition classifications.

9) Bleeding:
Bleeding can be a severe consequence of uncontrolled hypertension, leading to conditions like hemorrhagic strokes. It highlights the urgency in treating hypertensive crises, as timely intervention may prevent serious outcomes, including significant organ damage and life-threatening scenarios.

10) Account:
Account can refer to a detailed report or narrative regarding an individual's health condition. In the context of hypertension, maintaining a comprehensive account of patient history, symptoms, and treatment responses is essential to tailor effective management plans and improve health outcomes.

11) Debate:
Debate in medicine often refers to ongoing discussions regarding treatment protocols and strategies. In managing hypertension, there are differing opinions about the optimal approaches for therapy. Engaging in debate helps refine guidelines and improve patient outcomes through collaborative dialogue and evidence-sharing.

12) Edema (Oedema):
Edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in tissues, which can occur as a complication of hypertension. Recognizing edema enables healthcare providers to assess the severity of hypertension and its impact on organs, guiding appropriate interventions to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

13) Pulse:
Pulse is a measure of heart rate and can indicate blood pressure levels. Monitoring pulse helps clinicians evaluate a patient's cardiovascular status during instances of hypertension, ensuring timely intervention and treatment adjustments to manage acute fluctuations in blood pressure.

14) Pain:
Pain is a crucial symptom to consider during hypertensive episodes, as it may indicate complications such as end-organ damage. Understanding and managing associated pain is integral to improving patient comfort and outcomes in hypertensive crises, influencing treatment approaches and overall care.

15) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease. In the context of hypertension management, various antihypertensive drugs are essential for controlling blood pressure levels and preventing complications associated with chronic high blood pressure.

16) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases, including hypertension. Effective medical interventions for hypertension are critical for improving patient health and reducing risks associated with cardiovascular conditions and hypertensive emergencies.

17) Swelling:
Swelling, similar to edema, can indicate fluid retention and may occur in patients with poorly managed hypertension. Monitoring swelling during clinical assessments helps identify complications and guide treatment decisions, ensuring timely management of symptoms to prevent further health issues.

18) Rampur:
Rampur is a geographical location in India, significant in the context of this study as it can indicate the regional prevalence of health conditions such as hypertension. Local demographics and healthcare access may influence patient outcomes and treatment approaches in hypertension management.

19) Jauhar:
Jauhar likely refers to Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, the institution affiliated with the authors. The university's focus on health sciences contributes to the education of future healthcare providers, emphasizing research and effective interventions for managing conditions like hypertension.

20) India:
India is a country with significant public health challenges, including hypertension. Understanding the demographic, cultural, and economic factors unique to India is crucial for developing targeted interventions and improving hypertension management across diverse populations.

21) Khera:
Khera refers to a locality related to the authors or the study's context, potentially influencing the understanding of regional health issues such as hypertension. Local factors may affect disease prevalence and healthcare delivery, shaping the overall management strategies.

22) Death:
Death can be a severe consequence of uncontrolled hypertension, particularly in cases of hypertensive crises leading to organ failure or stroke. Recognizing this risk highlights the importance of timely and effective management to improve survival rates and quality of life.

23) Beta:
Beta typically references beta-blockers, a class of medications used to manage hypertension by reducing heart rate and cardiac output. Understanding the role of beta-blockers is essential for clinicians when choosing appropriate antihypertensive therapies in managing acute and chronic hypertension.

24) Life:
Life refers to the overall well-being and health status of individuals. Effective management of hypertension is vital for prolonging life and enhancing the quality of life for those affected by chronic high blood pressure and related complications.

25) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study and application of drugs in therapeutics. A pharmacological understanding of antihypertensives and their mechanisms is essential for developing effective treatment plans for hypertension, maximizing benefits, and minimizing potential adverse effects.

26) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation can refer to the build-up of substances in the body, such as fluids in edema associated with hypertension. Recognizing accumulation patterns informs clinicians about the severity of hypertension and aids in adjusting treatment strategies to alleviate symptoms.

27) Knowledge:
Knowledge indicates the information and understanding derived from research and practice. In managing hypertension, continuous knowledge acquisition allows healthcare providers to stay updated on best practices, ultimately leading to better patient care and treatment outcomes.

28) Substance:
Substance generally refers to any matter with a specific chemical composition. In the context of hypertension, substances such as medications are crucial for controlling blood pressure and preventing associated complications, highlighting the importance of pharmacotherapy in clinical practice.

29) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the potential harmful effects of substances, including medications used in treating hypertension. Understanding toxicity helps clinicians weigh the risks and benefits of antihypertensive drugs, ensuring that patient safety is prioritized in treatment plans.

30) Vomiting:
Vomiting can be a symptom associated with hypertensive crises or adverse reactions to medication. Monitoring for vomiting is essential in clinical settings, as it may indicate complications that require prompt medical attention to prevent further health deterioration.

31) Activity:
Activity in the medical context often refers to the physiological functioning of the body or behaviors affecting health. Regular activity is essential for managing hypertension, as physical activity can help reduce blood pressure and improve overall cardiovascular health.

32) Shooting:
Shooting may refer to the sudden and severe spikes in blood pressure seen in hypertensive crises. Recognizing such episodes emphasizes the need for rapid intervention and effective management strategies to mitigate the risk of complications associated with acute hypertension.

33) Vertigo:
Vertigo is a symptom that can occur during hypertensive episodes, often linked with sudden changes in blood pressure. Recognizing vertigo can aid healthcare providers in assessing hypertensive crises and ensuring timely and appropriate treatment interventions.

34) Nausea:
Nausea is a common symptom associated with hypertension and can indicate severe complications. Monitoring for nausea during hypertensive crises is essential, as it helps healthcare providers assess the patient's condition and adjust treatment strategies accordingly.

35) Nature:
Nature may refer to the inherent properties of conditions or medications. Understanding the nature of hypertensive crises is crucial for recognizing symptoms, managing risks, and ensuring effective treatment protocols for patients experiencing acute hypertension.

36) Reason:
Reason often pertains to the underlying causes or triggers of conditions such as hypertension. Identifying the reasons for elevated blood pressure enables targeted interventions and comprehensive management strategies to optimize patient outcomes.

37) Wall:
Wall often refers to the boundaries of cells or vessels. In addressing hypertension, understanding wall integrity and changes in vessel walls is crucial for recognizing potential complications and managing overall cardiovascular health effectively.

38) Food:
Food refers to dietary factors affecting health, including managing hypertension. A proper diet is fundamental in preventing and controlling high blood pressure, emphasizing lifestyle modifications as a critical component of hypertension management.

39) Line:
Line may denote a delineation in clinical guidelines or treatment protocols for hypertension management. Adhering to established lines of care ensures consistency in patient treatment and optimizing health outcomes through evidence-based practices.

40) Hand:
Hand may refer to the clinician's role in effectively managing hypertension or conducting physical assessments. The hands-on approach is vital for clinical evaluations and implementing treatment strategies that improve patient outcomes in hypertensive crises.

41) Pur:
Poor relates to inadequate management or outcomes associated with conditions like hypertension. Recognizing poor control or lack of treatment adherence in patients can help healthcare providers identify areas requiring intervention, education, and improved support for better health outcomes.

Other Science Concepts:

[back to top]

Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Advances in management of acute hypertension’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Vasodilator, End Organ Damage, Calcium channel blocker, Hypertensive crisis, Acute aortic dissection, Clinical setting, Hypertensive urgency, Hypertensive emergency, Acute hypertension, Antihypertensive medicine, Target blood pressure, Vascular endothelial injury, Hypertensive encephalopathy, Hypoperfusion.

Let's grow together!

I humbly request your help to keep doing what I do best: provide the world with unbiased sources, definitions and images. Your donation direclty influences the quality and quantity of knowledge, wisdom and spiritual insight the world is exposed to.

Let's make the world a better place together!

Like what you read? Help to become even better: