Mixed ligand complexes of O, N, and S donor ligands: Synthesis and study.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Synthesis and characterization study of mixed ligand complexes of o, n and s donar ligands
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P. R. Shirode and P. P. Patil
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Synthesis and characterization study of mixed ligand complexes of o, n and s donar ligands
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presented by P. R. Shirode and P. P. Patil in the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes comprising O, N, and S donor ligands. These complexes are formed with transition metals such as Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II), using salicylaldehyde phenyl hydrazine and salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone as ligands. The researchers utilized various techniques, including elemental analysis, FTIR and UV spectroscopy, magnetic moment assays, and conductance measurements to evaluate the properties and behaviors of the synthesized complexes. The study emphasizes the biological significance of these compounds, particularly in terms of their antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
Importance of Schiff Bases
Schiff bases, which are compounds characterized by an imine or azomethine group replacing a carbonyl group, are highlighted in this research due to their versatility as ligands. They are synthesized through the condensation of an amine with a carbonyl compound, typically under heat or acid/base catalysis. Over the years, Schiff bases have gained attention for their potential use in creating metal complexes that exhibit various structural and biological properties. These metal complexes, particularly those derived from hydrazones, have shown significant biological activity, making them of interest for applications in fields such as medicine and materials science.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes
The synthesis of the mixed ligand complexes followed a systematic approach, beginning with the preparation of individual ligands—salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and salicylaldehyde phenyl hydrazone. Subsequently, mixed ligand complexes were synthesized by combining metal chlorides with the ligands in specified ratios. Characterization techniques confirmed that the complexes exhibited octahedral geometry, as evidenced by the results from electronic absorption spectra, IR spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. These techniques revealed key details about the coordination environment surrounding the metal ions and the nature of the interactions between the metal and the ligands.
Antimicrobial Properties of Complexes
The synthesized complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms, including E. coli, Bacillus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. The results indicated that many of the complexes displayed moderate antimicrobial activity, with certain complexes demonstrating improved effectiveness against bacterial strains compared to the free ligands. This finding underscores the potential of these mixed ligand complexes not only in coordination chemistry but also in developing pharmaceutical agents that could combat infections.
Conclusion
The research conducted by Shirode and Patil signifies an important advancement in the synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes involving transition metals. Through the combined methodologies of ligand synthesis and the evaluation of antimicrobial properties, the study paves the way for further exploration of transition metal complexes in therapeutic applications. The demonstrated ability of these complexes to form stable chelated structures with biological significance highlights their potential use in the development of new antimicrobial agents, reflecting ongoing needs in medical chemistry and pharmacology.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What type of complexes were synthesized in this study?
The study synthesized mixed ligand complexes with the general formula [ML1L2], involving Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with ligands including salicylaldehyde phenyl hydrazine and salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
How were the synthesized complexes characterized?
The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, magnetic moment determination, and conductance analysis to confirm their structure and properties.
What biological activities were evaluated for the complexes?
The synthesized complexes were subjected to antimicrobial and antifungal screening against various microorganisms, including E. coli, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus species.
What was the primary method used for ligand synthesis?
The ligands were synthesized through a condensation reaction of thiosemicarbazide and phenyl hydrazine with aldehydes or ketones in the presence of reagents like sodium acetate.
What were the findings regarding the electronic spectra of complexes?
Electronic spectra revealed distinct d-d transition peaks, indicating octahedral geometry for the metal complexes, with specific absorption bands corresponding to Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II).
What is the significance of Schiff bases in this research?
Schiff bases serve as versatile ligands for metal complex formation, exhibiting various biological and chemical applications, including antimicrobial and anticancer properties, enhancing their significance in medicinal chemistry.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Mixed ligand complexes of O, N, and S donor ligands: Synthesis and study.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table in scientific literature presents organized data clearly, allowing easy comparison and analysis of results. Tables systematically encapsulate quantitative information discovered during research, such as physical properties or behavior of compounds, enhancing comprehension and allowing readers to draw insights from presented facts efficiently.
2) Water:
Water is a vital solvent in chemical reactions and processes, especially in synthesis and purification steps in laboratory settings. It acts as a medium in which various agents dissolve, facilitating reactions and interactions. Water's unique properties also contribute to stabilizing structures of synthesized compounds.
3) Measurement:
Measurement is crucial in scientific studies, ensuring precision and accuracy in quantifying variables such as concentration, temperature, or time. It impacts the reproducibility of experiments and validity of data interpretations. Consistent measurement practices help yield reliable results, important for scientific advancement and technological applications.
4) Heating:
Heating is often employed in organic synthesis to facilitate reactions, promote solubility, and accelerate molecule interactions. Controlled heating allows for efficient reactions, critical in synthesizing ligands or metal complexes. Optimizing temperature during chemical processes determines product yield and quality, emphasizing its strategic importance.
5) Activity:
Activity refers to the potential or efficacy of a substance to induce a biological or chemical response. In antimicrobial and anti-fungal studies, assessing the activity of synthesized compounds reveals their potential therapeutic applications. Understanding activity levels aids in evaluating new drug candidates for medicinal purposes.
6) Disease:
Diseases are abnormal conditions affecting bodily functions or structures, requiring understanding for effective treatment strategies. Research into new chemical compounds often targets specific diseases, underscoring the importance of exploring biological activities. Effective drug design emerges from correlating compounds' chemical nature with their disease-targeting capabilities.
7) Cancer:
Cancer is a critical health concern, characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. The increasing incidence of cancer has prompted extensive research into potential treatments. Studies highlighting the effectiveness of synthesized compounds against cancer promote the development of novel therapeutic agents to counteract this prevalent disease.
8) Nature:
Nature reflects the composition and characteristics of elements and compounds in chemistry. Understanding the nature of chemical compounds influences their behavior and interactions, crucial for applications in fields such as pharmaceuticals. The nature of ligands impacts complex formation with metal ions, dictating their functional roles.
9) India:
India serves as the geographical and cultural context for the study presented, showcasing local contributions to scientific inquiry. The research conducted in Indian institutions signifies the country's engagement in pharmacological studies, emphasizing innovative chemical synthesis methodologies aimed at addressing health issues prevalent in the region.
10) Death:
Death signifies the cessation of life, often associated with serious health concerns, including various diseases. Understanding the causes of death, particularly from conditions such as cancer, can drive scientific research aimed at prevention and treatment. Research endeavours aim to expand medicinal options to reduce mortality.
11) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of phenomena aimed at gaining knowledge. In scientific fields, structured studies are fundamental for understanding complex interactions or validating hypotheses. Each study contributes to building a broader understanding of subjects, such as synthesis and characterization of novel compounds for health applications.
12) Purification:
Purification refers to the processes used to isolate pure compounds from mixtures, critical for achieving the desired quality in chemical synthesis. Methods like recrystallization remove impurities, ensuring the efficacy and safety of compounds employed in pharmaceutical applications. Purified substances lead to more reliable experimental results.
13) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a significant state in India, contributing to research and higher education. Institutions in Maharashtra, like the ones mentioned, are involved in various scientific inquiries that advance the fields of chemistry and pharmacology, addressing local and global health concerns through innovative studies and solutions.
14) Arrangement:
Arrangement in chemical contexts refers to the specific spatial organization of atoms or molecules within a compound. The arrangement influences properties such as reactivity, stability, and interaction with biological systems. Understanding molecular arrangement is essential to design effective drugs and investigate their mechanisms of action.
15) Discussion:
Discussion in scientific writings interprets results, providing insights into the implications of findings. It connects the study's objectives with outcomes, drawing conclusions relevant for future research directions. A well-drafted discussion helps clarify the significance of results and fosters broader understanding within the scientific community.
16) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses practices aimed at preventing, diagnosing, and treating health conditions. The synthesis of new compounds in medicinal chemistry provides potential therapies for diseases. Understanding the relationship between chemical structures and biological effects derives from studying medicinal properties of ligands, incentivizing innovative drug discovery efforts.
17) Worry (Worried, Worrying):
Worrying conveys concern about an issue, in this context, relating to the increasing prevalence of diseases like cancer. Such worrying trends motivate research aimed at both understanding disease mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic agents. Awareness drives engagement among scientists to contribute solutions to pressing health challenges.
18) Jalgaon:
Jalgaon, a city in Maharashtra, represents a location tied to scientific research efforts. Research activities pertinent to the synthesis and characterization of medicinal compounds are pursued in Jalgaon, linking regional educational accents to national contributions in advancing pharmaceuticals. Local institutions play crucial roles in collaborations.
19) Patil:
Patil signifies the involvement of an individual researcher, P. P. Patil, in the study, highlighting collaborative efforts in scientific exploration. Author contributions showcase the importance of teamwork in research, fostering advancements in studying mixed-ligand metal complexes and their potential applications in health sciences.
20) Field:
Field refers to a specific area of study or professional practice. In the context of this research, it relates to fields such as chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine. Understanding specialized fields facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations aimed at addressing complex health issues through innovative scientific methods.
21) Fainting (Fainted):
Faint describes a subtle or weak characteristic, often relating to observable phenomena such as the color of synthesized complexes. In scientific studies, accurately describing such faint properties ensures clarity in reporting results, contributing to reliable interpretations about compounds and their potential applications in various contexts.
22) Salt (Salty):
Salt, in a chemical context, generally refers to ionic compounds formed from the neutralization of acids and bases. It may also reference the salts formed during complexation reactions. Understanding salts' properties and behaviors is essential in executing various synthesis and characterization processes effectively.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Mixed ligand complexes of O, N, and S donor ligands: Synthesis and study.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Elemental analysis, UV-Spectroscopy, DMSO, FTIR Spectroscopy, Electronic spectra.