A review study on pandukarma chikitsa in ayurveda
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review study on pandukarma chikitsa in ayurveda
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dr. Samiya Urf Sanobar Akhtar N. Bawoor, Dr. Rakesh R. N. and Dr. Aswin Haridas M. S.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: A review study on pandukarma chikitsa in ayurveda
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20213-19815
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ayurveda, derived from the Atharvaveda, is an ancient system of medicine that emphasizes holistic healing and wellness. Among its many texts, the Sushruta Samhita stands out for its detailed approach to wound management and cosmetology. Sushruta, recognized for his contributions, particularly elaborates on the treatment of wounds (vrana) and their subsequent scars (vranavastu). The significance of restoring normal skin texture post-healing is underscored in Ayurveda, especially through various procedures classified under Vaikrutapaha chikitsa. These methods are presented as cost-effective alternatives to modern cosmetic procedures, which can be both expensive and carry potential side effects.
Restoring Skin Color: Pandukarma
One key Ayurvedic procedure for addressing skin discoloration after wound healing is known as Pandukarma. This technique is specifically used to restore the skin's natural color when the scar formed after healing appears darker than the surrounding skin. Sushruta highlights this process among various therapeutic approaches and emphasizes its importance in reducing cosmetic concerns. The application of specific herbal formulations, including Haritaki lepa (a paste made from Terminalia Chebula soaked in goat's milk) and Navakapalika churna (powder from new earthen pots), is mentioned as effective strategies for achieving a favorable aesthetic outcome.
Importance of Vranavastu Management
Sushruta defines vranavastu as the scar left behind after a wound has healed, which may cause cosmetic concerns due to its discoloration. The proper management of these scars is deemed essential, as unresolved vranavastu can persist throughout an individual’s life. By categorizing the procedures for managing these post-healing scars, Sushruta provides a comprehensive approach within the framework of Vaikrutapaha chikitsa, aiming to restore not just the skin's color but also its overall texture and appearance. This highlights the deep-seated value placed on bodily aesthetics within Ayurvedic practices.
Role of Ayurvedic Formulations
Ayurvedic literature is replete with references to herbal formulations aimed at promoting skin healing and restoring color. For instance, Sushruta mentions various mixtures using ingredients like gooseberry, honey, and other plant substances, showcasing the extensive knowledge of available natural resources. Acharya Charaka and Vagbhata also contribute to this discourse by detailing preparations for effective scar treatment, bringing attention to the significance of herbal lepas (pastes). These prescriptions not only aim to improve cosmetic appearance but also adhere to the principles of natural healing and safety, representing an integral part of Ayurvedic dermatology.
Conclusion
The exploration of Ayurvedic remedies for cosmetic concerns brings to light the need for more accessible and effective treatments in modern society. While contemporary techniques such as laser therapy offer quick results, their cost and potential side effects often limit their accessibility. The ancient practices rooted in Ayurveda, particularly those focusing on the management of scars and skin discoloration, provide a viable alternative. Consequently, there is a pressing need for enhanced awareness and standardization of Ayurvedic approaches to cosmetology that not only emphasize efficacy but also prioritize the well-being of individuals through safe and economically feasible options.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Vranavastu in Ayurveda?
Vranavastu is the scar formed on the skin after a wound (Vrana) heals. It remains on the body for life, often causing discoloration of the skin, which can lead to cosmetic concerns.
What is Pandukarma, and how does it help?
Pandukarma is a procedure in Ayurveda aimed at restoring the normal color of hyperpigmented skin after wound healing. It uses various formulations to address skin discoloration effectively.
How does wound healing relate to scar formation?
Wound healing involves several phases, and once healed, it often leaves a scar, indicating a change in skin pigment, which can impact cosmetic appearance and may cause concerns if untreated.
What are common Ayurvedic formulations for cosmetic concerns?
Ayurvedic classics like Sushruta Samhita mention various formulations for restoring skin color, including using Haritaki lepa and various herbal powders, which are natural and cost-effective remedies.
What role does Ayurveda play in cosmetology?
Ayurveda emphasizes holistic health, addressing both physical and psychological aspects. It provides effective cosmetic treatments that are economically friendly and often have fewer side effects compared to modern procedures.
Why is there a need for Ayurvedic remedies in cosmetology?
Modern cosmetic procedures can be costly and lead to adverse effects. Ayurvedic remedies are more accessible and offer safe alternatives for skin concerns while providing effective results.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review study on pandukarma chikitsa in ayurveda”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Vrana:
Vrana refers to a wound or injury that disrupts the integrity of the skin. In Ayurveda, it is significant as it leads to the formation of a scar, known as Vranavastu, which can cause cosmetic concerns post-healing. Understanding and treating Vranas is essential in wound management.
2) Lepa:
Lepa is a topical paste used in Ayurveda for healing wounds and disorders of the skin. It comprises various natural ingredients that are applied to affected areas to promote skin restoration and color normalization, especially post-scarring from vranas, facilitating cosmetic recovery.
3) Samhita:
Samhitas refers to the ancient compilations of medical knowledge in Ayurveda. They offer detailed insights into treatments, surgical techniques, and herbal formulations that guide practices aimed at promoting healing, wellness, and a balanced state of health.
4) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda focusing on surgical practice. It encompasses wound management, detailing approaches to address vranas effectively and aims to restore natural skin appearance following injuries or surgeries.
5) Rohini:
Rohini is a specific type of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) mentioned in Ayurvedic texts, noted for its utility in formulations for skin treatments such as pandukarma. Its usage in preparing lepа is aimed at restoring normal skin color and aiding in scar management.
6) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a sore or lesion that results from tissue breakdown and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. In Ayurveda, understanding the healing of ulcers and minimizing their post-healing consequences is essential to prevent unsightly scarring and maintain skin health.
7) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes balance in body, mind, and spirit for overall health. It encompasses a vast range of practices including herbal treatments, surgical techniques, and dietary recommendations aimed at disease prevention and health restoration.
8) Upakrama:
Upakrama refers to therapeutic measures or treatments prescribed in Ayurveda. It includes various procedures aimed at restoring health and well-being, particularly concerning wound management and skin restoration protocols that align with Ayurveda's holistic approach to healing.
9) Kasisa (Kashisha):
Kasisa, or green vitriol (ferrous sulfate), is a mineral used in Ayurvedic practices, particularly in formulations for skin treatments. Its role in recipes for lepа aids in restoring skin color, making it a significant ingredient in scar management.
10) Dugdha:
Dugdha, or milk, is used in Ayurveda for its nurturing and healing properties. It serves as a medium in various formulations applied topically for wound healing, promoting skin regeneration, and normalizing skin color post-injury.
11) Hema (Heman):
Hema refers to gold in Ayurveda often symbolizing purity and is associated with medicinal properties. It is included in formulations for skin treatment, aiming to enhance the cosmetic appearance and contribute to effective healing practices.
12) Life:
Life encompasses physical, mental, and emotional dimensions in Ayurveda, where maintaining balance is key. Ayurvedic practices aim to promote holistic health, addressing both physical ailments and psychological well-being to enhance the quality of life.
13) Glycyrrhiza glabra:
Glycyrrhiza glabra, known as Licorice, is a medicinal herb valued in Ayurveda for its healing properties. Its inclusion in skin treatments aids in soothing and restoring skin integrity, particularly after an ulcer has healed, reducing pigmentation and enhancing cosmetic appearance.
14) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta-samhita is one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda, authored by Sushruta, that serves as an essential source of knowledge on surgery and wound management. It provides insights on the healing process, scar management, and skin restoration post-injury.
15) Atharvaveda (Atharva-Veda):
Atharvaveda is one of the four Vedas in ancient Indian scriptures, considered the root of Ayurvedic medical wisdom. It contains hymns and medicinal knowledge that inform Ayurvedic practices, including remedies for health and well-being.
16) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the skin and tissue area adjacent to a wound or scar. In Ayurvedic treatment, achieving a color match with the surrounding skin post-wound healing is vital to minimize cosmetic concerns and achieve a harmonious appearance.
17) Ajadugdha (Aja-dugdha):
Aja-dugdha, or goat milk, is used in various ayurvedic formulations for its nourishing properties. It serves as a base in preparation for lepа, enhancing the efficacy of herbal applications for skin restoration and scar healing.
18) Haritaki:
Haritaki, scientifically known as Terminalia chebula, is a potent herb in Ayurveda known for its healing properties. Its application in formulations aims at skin rejuvenation and effective treatment of post-inflammatory pigmentation, a common outcome of wound healing.
19) Madhuka:
Madhuka, or Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), is an herb utilized for its soothing and restorative properties in Ayurveda. It is often incorporated into formulations for topical applications aimed at healing skin and managing scars effectively.
20) Arjuna:
Arjuna, or Terminalia arjuna, is a revered tree in Ayurveda known for its therapeutic benefits. Its bark and other parts are utilized in formulations, particularly in skin treatments, to enhance healing and restore normalcy in skin appearance post-injury.
21) Gutika:
Gutika refers to a pill or tablet made from herbal combinations in Ayurveda. It can be used topically for enhancing skin cleansing and rejuvenation, ultimately aimed at improving the appearance of scars and promoting overall skin health.
22) Powder:
Powder, in the context of Ayurveda, is a form of herbal preparation used for both external application and internal consumption. It is central to preparing lepаs that are applied to wounds for enhancing healing and restoring skin pigmentation.
23) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi refers to bone in Ayurvedic texts, emphasizing the systemic connection in healing. The integrity of asthi is crucial for overall health and reflects in skin healing, as structural health contributes to effective regeneration post-injury.
24) Vastu:
Vastu refers to the entity or site where vranas (wounds) form on the body. In Ayurvedic practices, managing the vranavastu is essential for effective treatment plans aimed at restoring skin integrity and achieving optimal healing outcomes.
25) Veda:
Veda represents the body of ancient Indian texts encompassing all aspects of knowledge, including health sciences like Ayurveda. The knowledge within the Vedas includes medicinal plants, healing practices, and principles governing health and well-being.
26) Post:
Post, when referenced in relation to injuries or surgery, indicates the period following an incident where healing and recovery occur. Ayurveda emphasizes addressing follow-up treatments to ensure the restoration of the body and skin following vranas.
27) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, commonly known as Haritaki, is a crucial herb in Ayurveda with potent medicinal properties. It is utilized for its detoxifying and restorative effects in skin treatments, particularly to normalize pigmentation post-wound healing.
28) Rubia cordifolia:
Rubia cordifolia, known as Manjishta, is an important herb in Ayurveda recognized for its blood purifying properties. It is utilized in various formulations aimed at enhancing skin health, specifically in pigmentation and scar management.
29) Santalum album:
Santalum album, or Sandalwood, is celebrated in Ayurveda for its aromatic and therapeutic properties. It is often used in lepа formulations to enhance skin restoration and treat discoloration, contributing beneficially to post-wound care.
30) Mental health:
Mental health holds significant importance in Ayurveda, as it acknowledges the psychological impact of disfigurement and cosmetic concerns. Holistic practices aim to nurture mental well-being alongside physical health, underscoring the interconnectedness of body and mind.
31) Common People (Common Folk):
Common people refers to the general population who may not have access to expensive cosmetic procedures. Ayurveda offers accessible, cost-effective solutions for skin treatment and wellness, aiming to improve lives and healing practices for everyone.
32) Terminalia arjuna:
Terminalia arjuna, known simply as Arjuna, is a tree in Ayurveda recognized for its cardiovascular and skin health benefits. Its applications often include formulations aimed at rejuvenation and managing post-scarring conditions.
33) Ashtangahridaya (Astangahrdaya, Ashtanga-hridaya):
Ashtanga-hridaya is another key text in Ayurvedic literature that consolidates knowledge of medical practices for practitioners. Covering related aspects of treatment and healing, it aligns with the principles of effective wound management outlined in Ayurveda.
34) Ficus religiosa:
Ficus religiosa, commonly referred to as the Sacred Fig or Peepal tree, is significant in Ayurveda. Its leaves and bark are utilized for various medicinal applications, contributing beneficially to skin treatments and overall wellness.
35) Disfigurement:
Disfigurement refers to the physical alteration of appearance resulting from injuries or skin conditions. In Ayurveda, addressing disfigurement is paramount for both cosmetic and psychological healing, focusing on restoring normalcy and enhancing self-esteem.
36) Pratisharana (Pratisarana):
Pratisarana is one of the therapeutic procedures in Ayurveda aimed at restoring or balancing health. Its application plays a role in skin treatments, especially concerning the normalization of color and texture post-wound healing.
37) Prapunnada:
Prapunnada refers to the seeds of cassia tora used in Ayurvedic formulations. They are often included in recipes to aid in the healing processes for skin-related issues, helping to restore pigmentation and treat discoloration effectively.
38) Manahshila (Manahsila, Manah-shila, Manas-shila):
Manahshila, a mineral substance in Ayurveda, is utilized for its therapeutic properties. It is employed in formulations aimed at rejuvenating skin and improving its appearance, particularly focused on color normalization post-wound healing.
39) Discussion:
Discussion in this context refers to the examination and interpretation of Ayurvedic practices around wound healing, skin restoration, and approaches to address vranas, highlighting the integration of ancient knowledge into contemporary cosmetic needs.
40) Rasanjana (Rasa-anjana, Rasamjana):
Rasanjana denotes black antimony, a mineral used in Ayurvedic practices noted for its coloring and healing properties. It is included in formulations to enhance pigmentation normalization, specifically applied to skin for cosmetic recovery post-injury.
41) Katutumbi (Katu-tumbi):
Katutumbi is an herb mentioned in Ayurveda, sometimes considered synonymous with Rohini. Its reference in skin formulations underlines its role in enhancing healing and restoring natural skin color following the healing of wounds.
42) Knowledge:
Knowledge in Ayurveda encompasses comprehensive understanding of medicinal practices, herbal formulations, and their applications for health and healing. This wisdom guides effective treatments and holistic health practices aimed at wellness and recovery.
43) Medicine:
Medicine in Ayurveda encompasses herbal and mineral remedies designed to promote health and treat illness. The emphasis is on holistic care that embraces body-mind harmony, ensuring effective healing through natural substances.
44) Kapittha:
Kapittha refers to the fruit of the Feronia limonia tree, known for its medicinal properties. It is often utilized in Ayurvedic formulations aimed at skin treatments, particularly addressing pigmentation issues and promoting skin health.
45) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is an ancient Ayurvedic scholar known for contributions to Ayurvedic literature. His works encompass critical medical knowledge related to treatments, surgical methods, and detailed protocols for holistic healing, laying pathways for modern Ayurveda.
46) Garbhini:
Garbhini refers to a pregnant woman in Ayurveda. The texts emphasize the importance of maternal health and well-being, highlighting that fetal health begins with the mother’s dietary and lifestyle practices as influenced by Ayurvedic principles.
47) Sphatika:
Sphatika is a mineral mentioned in Ayurveda, notably used for its purifying and healing properties. It finds application in formulations aimed at skin rejuvenation and recovery from wounds, enabling effective restoration of skin color.
48) Haratala:
Haratala, or orpiment, is a mineral used in Ayurveda for its therapeutic effects. Its inclusion in topical applications targets skin healing and pigmentation issues, contributing to the management of post-wound appearance.
49) Utsadana:
Utsadana refers to a therapeutic measure in Ayurveda aimed at revitalization and removing impurities. Its relevance lies in skin treatments, facilitating the healing process and promoting a balanced complexion as part of holistic care.
50) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga is a foundational system within Ayurveda that encompasses eight branches of knowledge, including surgery, internal medicine, and gynecology. It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding health, healing, and the various aspects of Ayurvedic practice.
51) Dhyamaka:
Dhyamaka is an herb referenced in Ayurvedic texts as beneficial for skin treatments. Its preparations aid in addressing pigmentation and restoring skin health, highlighting the importance of herbal ingredients in Ayurvedic formulations.
52) Swelling:
Swelling is a physiological response following an injury or wound. In Ayurveda, managing swelling is part of the healing process, crucial for effective recovery and minimizing complications such as permanent discoloration or scar formation.
53) Ajamutra (Aja-mutra):
Ajamutra refers to goat urine, highlighted in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties. It is utilized in various formulations, particularly in skin treatments, contributing to healing effects and normalization of skin color post-injury.
54) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
Hridaya translates to the heart in Ayurveda, symbolizing not only the physical organ but also emotional and spiritual core. It emphasizes a holistic approach where mental well-being impacts physical health, guiding healing and overall wellness.
55) Manduki (Mamduki):
Manduki refers to the black antimony, noted for its significance in Ayurvedic formulations pertaining to skin treatment. Its role in enhancing pigments and assisting recovery from scars underscores the blend of mineral remedies in Ayurveda.
56) Gairika:
Gairika, or red ochre, is a mineral used in Ayurvedic skin treatments. Known for its coloring and therapeutic properties, it aids in addressing pigmentation issues and contributes to holistic approaches for skin rejuvenation.
57) Chetaki:
Chetaki is a variety of Haritaki, recognized for its restorative properties within Ayurvedic formulations. Its inclusion in treatments aims at wound recovery and pigmentation restoration, contributing positively to skin health.
58) Gomutra (Go-mutra):
Gomutra, or cow urine, holds significance in Ayurveda for its purifying properties. It is often utilized in topical preparations for skin treatment, aiding healing processes and potentially helping in restoring skin normalcy.
59) Samudra:
Samudra refers to sea minerals in ayurvedic practices, encompassing their therapeutic uses. Recognized for their beneficial properties, they find application in skin treatments aimed at improving overall health and promoting healing.
60) Science (Scientific):
Science in Ayurveda refers to the systematic study of health, wellness, and medicinal practices grounded in ancient wisdom. It integrates empirical knowledge with holistic approaches, leading to effective treatments and promoting a balanced lifestyle.
61) Tantra (Tantrism, Tamtra):
Tantra in Ayurveda refers to techniques and systems that organize knowledge about healing practices. It provides structured methodologies for addressing health conditions, including those related to skin injuries and cosmetic concerns.
62) Vetasa:
Vetasa refers to the roots of Salix caprea, used in Ayurvedic formulations for their medicinal properties. Their inclusion in skin treatments underscores the role of plant-based ingredients in promoting healing and skin restoration.
63) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
Sandhi denotes joint or connection, reflecting the holistic perspective in Ayurveda that emphasizes interconnectedness in health. It highlights the importance of maintaining joint health as part of overall physical well-being.
64) Putana:
Putana refers to an herbal type utilized in Ayurvedic practices. Its inclusion in formulations speaks to the tradition of using natural ingredients for healing and wellness, especially in addressing skin-related issues.
65) Abhaya:
Abhaya is another term associated with certain herbal formulations in Ayurveda aimed at promoting safety and well-being. Its significance includes preventative health measures, enhancing resilience against ailments and supporting skin health.
66) Vijaya:
Vijaya refers to a type of herbal remedy in Ayurveda recognized for its beneficial effects. Its application in formulations usually aims at bolstering health and aiding treatments for various skin conditions.
67) Laksha (Laksa):
Laksha refers to Laccifer lacca, used in Ayurvedic practices, particularly in skin treatments for their resins and healing properties. It plays a crucial role in addressing wounds and preventing adverse cosmetic outcomes.
68) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya encompasses the surgical aspect of Ayurveda, highlighting the importance of surgical techniques in treating wounds and injuries. It emphasizes effective healing through various methods aimed at minimizing complications and restoring appearance.
69) Kataka:
Kataka refers to a type of herbal production utilized in Ayurveda. Its therapeutic applications are catered towards managing various skin conditions, aligning with the principles of traditional formulations for effective health restoration.
70) Parada:
Parada, or mercury, is a significant substance in Ayurveda recognized for its therapeutic properties. Its careful integration into formulations aims at enhancing the efficacy of treatment, particularly for skin health and scar management.
71) Tuttha:
Tuttha refers to copper sulfate, a mineral used in Ayurvedic practices known for its healing properties. It is often included in formulations to aid in skin treatment and managing discoloration from scars.
72) Filling (Filled):
Filled indicates the process of preparing herbal applications, particularly in context with treatments designed for skin improvement. Such preparations play a crucial role in achieving desired outcomes in wound care and pigmentation normalization.
73) Harita:
Harida, or turmeric, is widely celebrated in Ayurveda for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. Its application in skin treatments underscores its relevance in aiding wound healing and restoring natural skin color.
74) Phala:
Phala translates to fruit in Ayurveda, emphasizing the significance of plant-based ingredients in treatments. The use of fruits like Kapittha in formulations affirms the approach of utilizing natural resources for promoting health and facilitating skin restoration.
75) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is highly revered in Ayurveda for its natural healing properties. It serves as a base in herbal formulations aimed at skin restoration, illustrating the holistic use of natural ingredients for effective treatments.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 91]
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