Rosa alba linn.

a comprehensive review on plant profile, phytochemistry, traditional and pharmacological uses

| Posted in: Health Sciences Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Rosa alba linn.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a comprehensive review on plant profile, phytochemistry, traditional and pharmacological uses

Original source:

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Author:

Shahnaz Alom, Farak Ali, Rajashri Bezbaruah and Bibhuti B. Kakoti


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Rosa alba linn.

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20214-20135

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

1) Introduction

The significance of flowering or aromatic plants has been acknowledged since the dawn of human civilization, as they serve as crucial sources of both food and medicinal products. Approximately 250,000 species of flowering plants exist globally, with about 10% categorized as herbs traditionally utilized for various health issues. Aromatic plants are particularly valuable due to their therapeutic benefits and socio-economic roles, with around 80% of the global population relying on plant-based treatments owing to their affordability and minimal side effects. Among these plants, Rosa alba Linn. (commonly known as the Bulgarian rose) from the Rosaceae family is particularly noteworthy, as it boasts a multitude of phytoconstituents and various medicinal properties.

2) Phytochemical Constituents of Rosa alba

Rosa alba is known for its rich variety of phytochemicals, primarily located in its petals, sepals, leaves, and fruits. Some of the key phytochemicals include flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, anthocyanins, and various phenolic compounds. These components contribute to the plant's numerous pharmacological activities. The essential oil extracted from this plant is especially significant, as it is responsible for many therapeutic effects, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Studies using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) have revealed that the essential oil comprises various active components, including geraniol, nerol, and citronellol, which have demonstrated diverse biological activities relevant to medicinal applications.

3) Traditional and Pharmacological Uses

Traditionally, Rosa alba has been utilized for centuries across various cultures for its calming effects, making it a popular remedy for anxiety and stress. The rose oil serves as a base ingredient in the cosmetics and perfumery industries, appearing in products ranging from creams to beverages. Medicinally, it is employed to treat a range of ailments, including heart palpitations, headaches, bronchitis, leprosy, and inflammation. Its pharmacological activities extend to showcasing antioxidant, antimicrobial, and memory-enhancing effects, signifying its potential in therapeutic applications. The plant also plays a role in personal care, with its extracts frequently used in skin treatments, demonstrating its versatility in traditional medicine and modern applications.

4) Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

The antioxidant potential of Rosa alba is attributed to its high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, leading to significant protective effects against oxidative stress-related damage. Studies have demonstrated that its extracts can inhibit lipid peroxidation, affirming its role in neutralizing harmful free radicals. Additionally, Rosa alba exhibits antimicrobial properties against various pathogens, with research indicating effective activities against certain Gram-positive bacteria. The presence of volatile oils and monoterpenes is believed to enhance its antimicrobial efficacy, underlining its importance in traditional healing practices and potential as an alternative treatment avenue for various infections.

5) Conclusion

Rosa alba is an essential aromatic plant revered for its diverse traditional and medicinal uses, predominantly stemming from its rich composition of phytochemicals. Its benefits range from serving as an ornamental plant to acting as a valuable source of rose oil, which is essential in both pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The findings regarding its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other therapeutic properties support further exploration of this plant’s potential in modern medicine. With ongoing research, Rosa alba may provide significant insights and advancements in herbal therapies, underscoring the necessity for continued investigation into its multifaceted applications.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Rosa alba and where is it cultivated?

Rosa alba, commonly known as Bulgarian rose, is a medicinal plant primarily cultivated in the Rose Valley of Bulgaria. It is also grown in Turkey, Morocco, North America, and parts of Asia.

What are the main phytochemical constituents of Rosa alba?

Rosa alba contains various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, and essential oils like geraniol and citronellol. These compounds contribute to its medicinal properties.

What traditional uses does Rosa alba have?

Traditionally, Rosa alba is used to treat ailments such as headaches, cold, leprosy, bronchitis, and various skin conditions. It is also utilized in cosmetics and as a flavoring agent in food.

How does Rosa alba exhibit antioxidant properties?

Rosa alba shows antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which help inhibit free radical oxidation, thus protecting cells from oxidative damage.

What are some pharmacological activities of Rosa alba?

Rosa alba exhibits several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, memory enhancement, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic effects, making it widely studied for its health benefits.

What morphological characteristics do Rosa alba plants display?

Rosa alba plants are shrubby, reaching heights of up to 3 meters. They have serrate margins on their leaves and flowers that are primarily white in color.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Rosa alba linn.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
Activity refers to the observable effects or actions of a substance, particularly in pharmacological contexts. In the study of plants like Rosa alba, activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and nootropic are significant for understanding their therapeutic potential and how they can be utilized to treat various health conditions.

2) Species:
Species indicates a specific group of organisms capable of interbreeding. Rosa alba is a species within the Rosaceae family known for its medicinal properties. Identifying the species is crucial for studying its unique characteristics, ecological role, and applications in traditional and modern medicine.

3) Family:
Family is a taxonomic rank used to classify related organisms sharing similar traits. Rosa alba belongs to the Rosaceae family, which is significant in botany and pharmacology for understanding the network of species that can offer diverse phytochemical properties and potential therapeutic benefits.

4) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities of living organisms and their environments. The natural properties of Rosa alba contribute to its effectiveness as an herbal remedy. Understanding its natural context helps in appreciating its applications in traditional healing and the ecological importance of preserving such plants.

5) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. Analyzing the pharmacological characteristics of Rosa alba helps in revealing how its phytochemical components can influence health, leading to potential treatments for various ailments based on scientific evaluation and empirical evidence.

6) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the chemical compounds produced by plants, which can have health-promoting effects. The presence of phytochemicals in Rosa alba, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, underscores its medicinal value, providing the basis for research into its potential benefits and applications in health and nutrition.

7) Disease:
Diseases refer to health conditions characterized by specific symptoms or dysfunctions. The document emphasizes the various diseases that Rosa alba could potentially treat, showcasing its importance in traditional medicine and the necessity of further scientific research on its medicinal properties.

8) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is a distressing sensation often associated with pain or irritation. Traditional uses of Rosa alba include its application in treating conditions that produce burning sensations, emphasizing the need to study its effectiveness in alleviating such symptoms and providing comfort to patients.

9) Leprosy:
Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is mentioned in connection with Rosa alba. This highlights the historical context of utilizing medicinal plants in traditional medicine for treating severe ailments, underscoring the need for research into their effectiveness and healing properties.

10) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning describes both a physical sensation and the action of producing heat. In relation to Rosa alba, burning is significant in the context of treating symptoms that cause discomfort. This reinforces the importance of herbal medicine in addressing diverse health issues, promoting natural healing methods.

11) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the systematic investigation of phenomena through observation and experimentation. The document's emphasis on scientific validation underscores the necessity for rigorous research methodologies to confirm the traditional uses of Rosa alba and explore its mechanisms of action.

12) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid is a class of plant secondary metabolites known for their antioxidant properties. Rosa alba contains various flavonoids, which contribute to its pharmacological benefits. Understanding their roles in mitigating diseases informs the development of natural remedies and dietary supplements that can improve health.

13) Valley:
Valley usually refers to a low area between hills or mountains. In the context of Rosa alba, the mention of the Rose Valley in Bulgaria highlights the geographical significance of cultivation regions for producing high-quality essential oils and the socio-cultural importance of these locations in herbal medicine.

14) India:
India is a country rich in biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices. The cultivation of Rosa alba in India reflects the integration of local flora in traditional health systems, emphasizing the potential of native plants for addressing health issues through natural remedies based on indigenous knowledge.

15) Water:
Water is essential for life and plays a crucial role in the growth of plants. The mention of water in the context of Rosa alba emphasizes the importance of efficient irrigation and nutrient availability in promoting healthy plant development, necessary for maximizing its medicinal properties.

16) Genu:
Genu typically refers to the knee or a bend. While the term is not directly related to Rosa alba, its inclusion suggests a linguistic or contextual nuance that may require further investigation or clarification within broader discussions of plant descriptions or anatomical references.

17) Food:
Food represents the substances consumed for nutritional support. The use of Rosa alba as a flavoring agent indicates its role in culinary practices, integrating health benefits with nutrition, and showcasing how traditional knowledge can enhance modern dietary practices and food production.

18) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the study of drug action on biological systems. The pharmacological evaluation of Rosa alba helps elucidate its medicinal properties, guiding potential therapeutic applications and fostering the understanding of how botanical compounds interact with biological processes.

19) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, often resulting in pain, redness, and swelling. The relevance of Rosa alba in treating inflammation underscores the plant's potential therapeutic effects, and emphasizes the need for rigorous research into its efficacy and mechanisms of action.

20) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a range of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Investigating Rosa alba's cytotoxic and genotoxic properties suggests its potential role in cancer treatment, fostering interest in how natural substances can contribute to developing anti-cancer therapies and understanding tumor biology.

21) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi is a widely spoken language in India. The reference to Rosa alba in Hindi highlights the cultural integration of botanical knowledge and traditional medicinal practices, emphasizing the importance of linguistic diversity in documenting and promoting the use of medicinal plants.

22) Blood:
Blood is essential for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. The relevance of blood in the context of Rose alba's medicinal properties often relates to its uses in purifying the blood, supporting health, and addressing various ailments via traditional practices.

23) Hand:
Hand denotes a part of the body often associated with dexterity and manipulation. While it may not directly relate to Rosa alba, the term might evoke practical aspects such as harvesting or applying the plant, showcasing human interaction with herbal medicine.

24) Cyperus rotundus:
Cyperus rotundus, known as nut grass, is mentioned as a complementary herb used in traditional formulas. Its inclusion signifies the importance of synergistic effects among herbs, broadening the understanding of how these plants can collectively contribute to health and wellness.

25) Momordica charantia:
Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon, is referenced alongside Rosa alba as part of traditional herbal formulations. The combination of these plants emphasizes their collective potential in treating health conditions, reflecting the holistic approach of traditional medicine practices.

26) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of removing contaminants. In the context of Rosa alba, it implies the plant's role in detoxification or cleaning the body, illustrating its traditional use in health practices aimed at enhancing overall well-being and supporting bodily functions.

27) Merchandise:
Merchandise refers to goods that are bought and sold. The mention of Rosa alba as a merchandise item highlights its commercial significance, particularly in the cosmetic and culinary industries, showcasing the intersection of cultural practices, trade, and the economy of medicinal plants.

28) Depression:
Depression is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. The historical use of Rosa alba for alleviating anxiety and depression highlights its role in traditional medicine, emphasizing the continuing exploration for herbal treatments that support mental well-being.

29) Harvesting (Harvest):
Harvesting is the process of gathering mature crops. In the context of Rosa alba, effective harvesting practices are critical for ensuring quality and preserving phytochemical integrity, thus impacting the overall efficacy of the plant in medicinal applications.

30) Fragrance:
Fragrance denotes a pleasant smell, particularly notable in plants like Rosa alba known for their aromatic qualities. The exploration of fragrance in flowers has implications not only for culinary uses but also for therapeutic applications in aromatherapy and overall well-being.

31) Gujarati:
Gujarati is a language spoken in the Indian state of Gujarat. Including references to Rosa alba in Gujarati reflects the cultural diversity of traditional uses across different linguistic backgrounds, stressing the role of language in preserving and sharing knowledge about medicinal plants.

32) Assamese:
Assamese is a language native to Assam, India. The mention of Rosa alba in the context of the Assamese language highlights the interconnectedness of language, culture, and traditional medicine practices, showcasing the importance of regional knowledge in herbal remedies.

33) Learning:
Learning involves acquiring knowledge or skills through experience. The investigation of Rosa alba's cognitive-enhancing qualities underlines the growing interest in how natural substances can support learning and memory, indicating potential applications in educational and health contexts.

34) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient language of India, often used in spiritual and philosophical texts. Its mention in relation to Rosa alba signifies the historical context of herbal medicine within traditional Indian culture and emphasizes the depth of knowledge embedded in ancient texts regarding plant uses.

35) Marathi:
Marathi is a language spoken predominantly in Maharashtra, India. The relevance of including Rosa alba in Marathi reflects the multilingual aspects of traditional knowledge, illustrating how various communities engage with and document their herbal medicinal practices.

36) Bengali:
Bengali is a language spoken in Bangladesh and parts of India. The reference to Rosa alba in Bengali highlights the richness of regional herbal knowledge and emphasizes the significance of cultural practices surrounding medicinal plants in diverse linguistic communities.

37) Pungent:
Pungent describes a strong, sharp smell or taste. The mention of pungent qualities in Rosa alba's flowers implies their olfactory impact, which is important for cultural, culinary, and therapeutic applications, reflecting the plant's multifaceted roles in human practices.

38) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a mental health condition marked by feelings of worry and fear. The historical use of Rosa alba to manage anxiety reflects traditional medicine's approach in seeking plant-based remedies to support mental health, emphasizing its relevance in modern discourse on holistic treatment.

39) Taruni:
Taruni refers to a young maiden in Sanskrit, highlighting a cultural or poetic connotation related to Rosa alba. This illustrates the intertwining of language, nature, and tradition, revealing how plants are symbolically and literally utilized within various cultural narratives.

40) Bitter:
Bitter describes an unpleasant taste that can have medicinal importance. The sensational aspects of Rosa alba's flavors can be significant in herbal formulations, bringing attention to how different flavors influence plant uses in traditional medicine practices.

41) Citta (Chitta):
Chitta often refers to consciousness or awareness in Sanskrit. Its inclusion in the context of Rosa alba might point towards the psychological or emotional effects of using the plant, particularly regarding its applications in promoting mental well-being and mindfulness.

42) Field:
Field denotes an area of study or activity. In this context, it relates to the domain of research and investigation surrounding Rosa alba, emphasizing the importance of dedicated scholarly efforts to expand understanding and application of medicinal plants.

43) Study (Studying):
Study represents the act of learning or examining. The emphasis on studying Rosa alba underscores the need for comprehensive research to validate traditional knowledge, explore its active components, and assess its potential applications in contemporary medicine.

44) Acrid:
Acrid refers to a strong, unpleasant taste or smell. The term may relate to the sensory experience of Rosa alba and its constituents, indicating how such characteristics may influence its therapeutic applications and consumer perceptions within herbal practices.

45) Tamil:
Tamil is a language spoken in the southern part of India. The reference to Rosa alba in Tamil highlights the diverse linguistic contexts in which medicinal plants are placed, showcasing the importance of language in reflecting cultural heritage and traditional healing practices.

46) Drug:
Drug denotes a substance used for medical treatment. Rosa alba represents a potential natural drug source, where its phytochemical properties can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, pointing towards the broader implications of herbal medicine in pharmaceuticals.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Rosa alba linn.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Pharmacology, Distribution, Medicinal properties, Flowering plant, Antioxidant activity, Phytochemistry, Traditional use, Antimicrobial activity, Antidiabetic activity, Cytotoxic activity, Phenotypic variation, Plant morphology, Volatile oil content, Neuroprotective effect, Cognitive disorder, Rose oil, Ethnobotanical claims, Morphological characteristic, Processing method, Phytoconstituent, Plant-based treatment.

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