A review study on role of abhyanga in dincharya
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review study on role of abhyanga in dincharya
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Anand Agarwal, Prateek Madan, Ravindra Kumar, Mahesh Khundia and Vishakha R. Watel
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: A review study on role of abhyanga in dincharya
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20215-20428
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Abhyanga, an integral part of Ayurvedic practice, is a traditional form of oil massage recognized for its holistic benefits to the body, mind, and spirit. This technique, which involves massaging the body in a specific direction and using various oils or herbal products, aims to enhance blood circulation, detoxify the system, and promote overall well-being. Daily practice of Abhyanga is advocated as an essential routine within the framework of Dinacharya (daily regimen) for maintaining health and vitality. This review explores the significance of Abhyanga in Ayurvedic medicine, detailing its techniques, benefits, and the physiological systems it influences.
Mechanisms of Abhyanga
Abhyanga is described as a process where Sneha Dravyas (oils or fat-based substances) are applied to the body, using movements directed along hair follicles. This practice creates a soothing and nourishing effect on the body while also calming the Vata dosha, which is crucial for maintaining balance in the body. Regular application of oils, particularly sesame oil, is emphasized for its benefits, such as preventing headaches, promoting sound sleep, and alleviating stress. It is noted that Abhyanga can effectively support nervous system health by reducing tension and enhancing relaxation through the stimulation of various Marma points (vital energy points on the body).
Health Benefits of Abhyanga
The positive effects of Abhyanga extend across multiple bodily systems. For the digestive system, massages stimulate digestive processes and peristalsis while alleviating discomfort from conditions like bloating or cramping. The circulatory system benefits from enhanced blood flow, leading to improved nutrient delivery and a reduction in blood pressure. Furthermore, regular oil massages can fortify the immune system, helping to prevent injuries and increasing body resilience against the physical strains of everyday life.
Classification and Techniques of Abhyanga
Abhyanga can be classified based on the techniques used, the materials applied, and the movements incorporated. Techniques can include dynamic movements such as kneading or vibrating, while materials may consist of oils, powders, or herbal pastes. Various types of therapeutic oils are suggested for specific conditions; for example, coconut oil may be preferred during the summer or for individuals with Pitta constitution. The methodology of Abhyanga involves carefully designed massage procedures that stimulate the body’s natural healing mechanisms and enhance its physiological functions.
Conclusion
In summary, Abhyanga serves as a multifaceted tool within Ayurvedic practice, offering a path to physical, mental, and emotional wellness. Regular practice is shown to nourish the body's tissues, prevent the onset of age-related ailments, and improve overall health. By understanding the scientific foundation of Abhyanga, individuals can appreciate its importance in fostering a healthier lifestyle. Future research should aim to investigate and validate these practices through empirical studies, contributing to a broader acceptance and application of Abhyanga in modern wellness paradigms.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Abhyanga in Ayurvedic practices?
Abhyanga is a holistic Ayurvedic massage technique performed with oils, aimed at detoxifying the body, enhancing blood circulation, and promoting overall wellness.
How does Abhyanga benefit the body?
Abhyanga helps to reduce fatigue, enhances stamina, improves skin complexion, and promotes mental clarity, relaxation, and deeper sleep.
Why is daily practice of Abhyanga recommended?
Daily Abhyanga is recommended as it nourishes the body, supports longevity, reduces stress, and maintains the balance of doshas for optimal health.
What oils are commonly used for Abhyanga?
Common oils used for Abhyanga include sesame oil, coconut oil, and various medicated oils tailored to individual body constitution and specific health disorders.
What are the effects of Abhyanga on the nervous system?
Abhyanga stimulates sensory receptors, promotes relaxation, reduces nerve tension, and can enhance the release of endorphins, supporting overall mental well-being.
What methods are used in performing Abhyanga massage?
Abhyanga can be done using various techniques including long strokes, circular motions, and gentle pressure on marma points to stimulate overall health.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review study on role of abhyanga in dincharya”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Abhyanga (Abhyamga):
Abhyanga is an Ayurvedic practice involving a full-body oil massage. It is fundamental to daily health routines, promoting relaxation, detoxification, and well-being. It enhances circulation, nourishes the skin, and addresses various physical and psychological ailments. Regular practice is vital for maintaining physical and mental health.
2) Taila (Thaila):
Taila, meaning oil in Sanskrit, is crucial in Ayurvedic treatments, particularly in Abhyanga. Different oils, like sesame or coconut, are used for their therapeutic properties. Taila nourishes the skin, facilitates the massage process, and serves as a medium for herbal formulations, enhancing their medicinal effects.
3) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic healing system originating in ancient India. It emphasizes balance in body, mind, and spirit through natural therapies like diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle practices. Ayurveda seeks to promote overall well-being, prevent disease, and enhance quality of life via personalized health approaches.
4) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the elements of air and space. It governs movement and bodily functions like circulation and respiration. An imbalance in Vata can lead to issues like anxiety, digestive problems, and muscular stiffness, necessitating restoration through Ayurvedic practices.
5) Life:
In Ayurveda, life is viewed as a dynamic balance of physical, mental, and spiritual health. Daily routines, or Dinacharya, play a vital role in sustaining this balance. Practices like Abhyanga promote longevity and vitality, reflecting the holistic understanding of health and wellness within the Ayurvedic tradition.
6) Blood:
In Ayurvedic medicine, blood (rakta) is crucial for nutrient distribution and overall vitality. It is linked to the heart's function and represents the strength of one’s physical constitution. Proper blood circulation is essential for maintaining body temperature, supporting metabolic activities, and promoting skin health.
7) Hair:
The health of hair is a significant concern in Ayurveda, representing overall bodily vitality. Regular Abhyanga, especially using medicated oils, strengthens hair roots, prevents graying, and enhances hair quality. Specific oils are recommended based on dosha imbalances affecting hair health and growth.
8) Prasada:
Prasada refers to the beneficial effects or results gained through specific Ayurvedic treatments. In the context of Abhyanga, regular practice is said to bring about Prasada in terms of good health, vitality, and wellness, reinforcing the importance of disciplined self-care in promoting holistic health.
9) Powder:
In Ayurveda, medicated powders are often used for various treatments, including massages. These powders can stimulate the skin and enhance the medicinal properties of oils when mixed. They play a crucial role in detoxification and nourishment, addressing specific health conditions based on the individual's dosha.
10) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are the fundamental energies in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. They represent different combinations of the five elements and govern physiological and psychological functions in the body. Balancing doshas is critical for maintaining health, and imbalances may lead to various ailments and diseases.
11) New Delhi:
New Delhi, the capital of India, is not only a geographic location but a hub of healthcare practices, including Ayurveda. Many Ayurvedic institutions and practitioners operate here, promoting traditional healing methodologies and making Ayurvedic treatments accessible to urban populations seeking holistic health solutions.
12) Disease:
Disease in Ayurveda signifies a state of imbalance or disharmony within the body systems. Treatments are tailored to restore balance, often employing methods like diet, herbal remedies, and practices such as Abhyanga. Understanding disease goes beyond symptoms, addressing holistic well-being and preventive measures.
13) Surface:
Surface, in the contexts of massage and Ayurveda, relates to the outer layer of the skin that receives oil treatments. The surface's health is critical for overall dermal integrity, and proper treatment here aids in absorbing oils and enhances the efficacy of herbal treatments delivered through massages.
14) Snehana:
Snehana is synonymous with Abhyanga, meaning the application of oily substances on the body. This Ayurveda practice is essential for promoting warmth, nourishment, and relaxation in the body. It facilitates the removal of impurities, enhances circulation, and aids in maintaining overall bodily health.
15) Matra:
Matra refers to a unit of practical measurement for administering medications or treatments in Ayurveda. It ensures precision in dosing, crucial for maintaining efficacy while avoiding toxicity. Recognizing the right Matra for oil application, especially during practices like Abhyanga, maximizes health benefits and minimizes risk.
16) Kapha:
Kapha, one of Ayurveda's three doshas, embodies the elements of earth and water, named after the qualities of moistness and stability. It governs bodily structure and fluid balance. An imbalance can lead to conditions such as obesity and lethargy, making regular practices like Abhyanga essential for its management.
17) Sneha:
Sneha translates to 'oil' or 'fat' in Ayurveda and represents the nourishing substances vital for health. In the context of therapies, Sneha is used for Abhyanga to moisturize skin, aid in detoxifying processes, and provide essential fatty acids that support various physiological functions in the body.
18) Marma:
Marma points are vital energy junctions in Ayurveda, connecting physical and energetic systems within the body. Stimulating these points during Abhyanga enhances the overall surging of life energy (prana) and promotes healing by balancing doshas, improving circulation, and enhancing overall vitality.
19) Dhatu:
Dhatu signifies the body's seven fundamental tissues in Ayurveda: rasa (plasma), rakta (blood), mamsa (muscle), meda (fat), asthi (bone), majja (marrow), and shukra (reproductive tissue). Balancing Dhatus is crucial for health, with practices like Abhyanga supporting their nourishment and overall vitality.
20) Delhi:
Delhi, a vibrant metropolis, is significant for Ayurvedic practice, housing numerous clinics and research institutions focusing on holistic health. With a growing interest in traditional remedies, Delhi serves as a center for integrating ancient Ayurveda with modern healthcare approaches, promoting wellness in urban setups.
21) Dabar:
Dabar, a locality in New Delhi, represents the intersection of traditional Ayurvedic practices within an urban environment. It plays host to educational institutions and health centers that focus on promoting Ayurveda and its natural remedies among the community, fostering a revival and acceptance of alternative medicine.
22) Khera:
Khera, a neighborhood in New Delhi, is recognized for its contribution to the field of Ayurveda through institutions that preserve ancient knowledge. It serves as a center for practitioners and scholars to share and advance Ayurvedic knowledge, essential for maintaining health and well-being within the community.
23) Water:
Water is vital for life and plays a pivotal role in Ayurveda, symbolizing purity, nourishment, and the foundation of bodily fluids. Adequate hydration, in synergy with practices like Abhyanga, supports detoxification, digestive processes, and overall cellular function, reinforcing the principles of balance in health.
24) Study (Studying):
The study referenced reflects a detailed examination of Abhyanga's effects on health, aiming to validate its significance in Ayurvedic practices. Scientific inquiry into traditional practices fosters a deeper understanding of their benefits and encourages broader acceptance within modern health paradigms, promoting enhanced credibility and integration.
25) Tila:
Tila, meaning sesame seed oil in Sanskrit, is a preferred medium for Abhyanga. It is known for its nourishing properties and its ability to balance all three doshas, particularly Vata. Regular application of Tila enhances skin health, promotes hair growth, and offers emotional stability through its soothing properties.
26) Tree:
In Ayurveda, the tree symbolizes strength, stability, and growth. Comparatively, the human body is likened to a tree, wherein nurturing and regular care (like Abhyanga and proper lifestyle choices) are deemed essential for sustaining health, longevity, and achieving a flourishing life.
27) Oil:
Oils play a crucial role in Ayurvedic therapies, notably in treatments like Abhyanga. They serve as vehicles for herbal extracts, enhancing their penetration and efficacy. Various oils are selected based on specific needs, with different characteristics addressing unique bodily dosha imbalances and imparting targeted therapeutic benefits.
28) Narayanataila:
Narayana-taila is a specific medicated oil used in Ayurveda, known for its rejuvenating properties. It is typically applied in Abhyanga, particularly for addressing joint pain and enhancing overall mobility. Its formulation includes various herbs aimed at calming Vata and promoting strength and flexibility.
29) Triphaladi (Triphala-adi):
Triphaladi is a formulation of multiple herbs, traditionally used as an oil in Abhyanga treatments. It is praised for its detoxifying and rejuvenating properties, helping to enhance skin health and treat conditions related to heat imbalance, making it a versatile choice in Ayurvedic practices.
30) Tilataila (Tila-taila):
Tila-taila refers to sesame oil, highly regarded in Ayurveda for its diverse health benefits. It's commonly used for Abhyanga due to its ability to nourish and strengthen the body, improve absorption of nutrients, and maintain optimal dosha balance, specifically addressing Vata-related issues.
31) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vata-dosha denotes the principle governing movement and communication within the body in Ayurveda. It represents qualities like lightness and dryness, controlling bodily functions such as circulation and nerve transmission. Maintaining Vata balance is critical for overall health, with practices like Abhyanga facilitating stabilization.
32) Discussion:
The discussion in the text emphasizes the therapeutic benefits of Abhyanga, illustrating its significance in Ayurvedic health practices. Engaging in these holistic methods fosters a balanced lifestyle and illustrates the importance of traditional wisdom in modern health paradigms, enhancing understanding and appreciation of ancient techniques.
33) Science (Scientific):
Scientific exploration of Ayurveda validates traditional practices through empirical research. It bridges ancient knowledge with modern medical frameworks, offering evidence of effectiveness. This investigation enhances the credibility of practices like Abhyanga and encourages wider adoption among individuals and practitioners seeking holistic health solutions.
34) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata, an eminent figure in Ayurveda, contributed significantly to Ayurvedic literature, detailing practices like Abhyanga. His works emphasize the importance of daily routines for health maintenance, highlighting the relevance of integrating traditional wisdom with contemporary understandings in promoting overall well-being.
35) Narikela:
Narikela refers to coconut oil in Ayurveda, distinguished for its cooling properties, making it suitable for Pitta-dominant individuals and summer use. It is commonly utilized in Abhyanga for skin nourishment and hydration, providing soothing effects that balance heat and enhance skin health.
36) Vishakha (Visakha):
Vishakha is a name that may refer to an author or research contributor in the context of Ayurvedic literature. It emphasizes collaborative efforts in documenting and disseminating knowledge, adding to the collective understanding of Ayurveda's practices and their implications for health and wellness.
37) Narayana (Nara-ayana, Nara-yana):
Narayana, often associated with wellness in Ayurveda, signifies the embodiment of health and healing. It underscores the spiritual aspect of well-being, presenting a holistic view of health that integrates physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions, essential for achieving a balanced lifestyle.
38) Indriya (Imdriya):
Indriya denotes a single sense organ in Ayurveda, highlighting its role in perception and bodily interaction. Maintaining the health of Indriya is vital for sensory balance and overall health. Techniques like Abhyanga enhance functioning and sensitivity, promoting a deeper connection with the environment.
39) Shravana (Sravana):
Sravana, meaning hearing in Sanskrit, relates to one of the senses governed by Indriyas. Hearing impacts communication and emotional health, highlighting the importance of preserving sensory functions in holistic health approaches. Awareness of Sravana encourages practices that enhance auditory and mental well-being.
40) Paryaya:
Paryaya, meaning synonym or equivalent in Sanskrit, is used in Ayurvedic texts to deepen understanding by illustrating various terms or concepts related to health practices. It enriches the language and explanation of methods like Abhyanga, enabling clearer communication of therapeutic principles and practices.
41) Beating:
Beating, as a technique in massage, can enhance circulation and stimulate muscle relaxation. In the context of Abhyanga, it may be employed to invigorate energy flow and relieve tension in the body. This technique is crucial for achieving deeper therapeutic outcomes.
42) Torment:
Torment relates to pain or suffering, which Ayurvedic practices like Abhyanga aim to alleviate. The therapeutic benefit of regular massages helps in reducing physical discomfort while promoting relaxation and rejuvenation, thus addressing torment at both physical and emotional levels.
43) Coconut (Cocoanut):
Coconut, represented in Ayurveda primarily through its oil, serves as a versatile medium for various treatments. It is favored for its cooling and nourishing properties, beneficial for skin and hair health. Coconut oil mitigates Pitta imbalances and acts as a natural moisturizer in body therapies.
44) Dravya:
Dravya, in singular form, refers to a substance employed in Ayurvedic medicine. The quality and selection of Dravya are pivotal, impacting the efficacy of treatments. Ayurvedic formulations strive to harmonize Dravya’s properties with the patient's constitution and health needs, ensuring targeted therapeutic outcomes.
45) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya refers to the unhealthy or pathological elements that can disrupt bodily harmony in Ayurveda. Understanding Dushya aids practitioners in diagnosing imbalances and tailoring treatments to restore health, emphasizing the holistic approach Ayurveda takes towards disease management and health restoration.
46) Sharira (Sarira):
Sarira means body in Sanskrit, representing the physical aspect of a person. In Ayurveda, maintaining the health of the Sarira through practices like Abhyanga is essential for overall well-being. A healthy Sarira supports mental and emotional health, highlighting the interconnection of mind and body.
47) Summer:
Summer represents a season associated with heat, impacting health in Ayurveda. During summer, tendencies for Pitta dosha imbalances increase. Treatments like Abhyanga using cooling oils, such as coconut oil, are recommended to mitigate heat's adverse effects and promote a balanced state during this season.
48) Indian:
Indian refers to cultural and geographical attributes related to India, known for its rich heritage in various traditional practices, including Ayurveda. This holistic system of medicine emphasizes natural healing and the interconnectedness of body, mind, and spirit, crucial for sustaining health and energetic living.
49) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, embodying the elements of fire and water. It governs digestion and metabolism. An imbalance in Pitta can lead to conditions like acidity or irritability. Practices like Abhyanga with cooling oils help to restore balance, promoting holistic well-being.
50) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi signifies bone tissue in Ayurveda, integral to the body's structure. Maintaining Asthi health is essential for mobility and strength. Treatments like Abhyanga can support bone health, reduce the risk of fractures, and improve overall bodily support and alignment through enhanced circulation.
51) Rakta:
Rakta represents blood and is one of the Dhatus in Ayurveda. It is crucial for vitality and nourishment within the body. Maintaining healthy Rakta levels is essential for optimal organ function and overall well-being. Practices like Abhyanga nourish Rakta and aid in improving circulation.
52) Sira (Shira):
Shira refers to the head or brain in Ayurveda, highlighting its importance in mental health and cognitive function. Regular treatments like Abhyanga, particularly Shiroabhyanga (head massage), enhance blood circulation to the brain, promoting mental clarity, relaxation, and overall cognitive well-being.
53) Majja:
Majja signifies bone marrow in Ayurveda and is responsible for producing blood cells. It plays a crucial role in overall health. Treatments promoting Majja health, like Abhyanga, enhance blood production, improve immunity, and support overall vitality through nourishing the deeper tissues of the body.
54) Bahya:
Bahya means external or outward in Sanskrit, often referring to external treatments in Ayurveda. Bahya practices, like Abhyanga, emphasize caring for the outer body to influence inner health, demonstrating the interconnectedness of external actions and their impacts on internal wellness and balance.
55) Pushti (Pusti):
Pusti means nourishment or sustenance in Ayurveda. It signifies the importance of balanced nutrition and care for promoting health. Treatments like Abhyanga not only nourish the skin but also enhance overall vitality, reflecting the holistic approach Ayurveda takes toward maintaining physical and mental well-being.
56) Shrama (Srama):
Srama signifies exertion or fatigue in Ayurveda. It is recognized as a disruptor of balance; hence, managing Srama through self-care practices such as Abhyanga is vital. Regular oil massages rejuvenate the body, alleviate fatigue, and foster resilience against daily stresses and exhaustion.
57) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a holistic healing system with a rich historical foundation. It integrates spirituality, health, and nature, emphasizing balance as a key to wellness. Ayurveda's principles have influenced health practices globally, advocating natural and preventative approaches to health care.
58) Kumar:
Kumar is likely a reference to an author or researcher contributing to Ayurvedic literature. This highlights the collaborative efforts in documenting knowledge related to Ayurvedic practices, enhancing understanding and perpetuity of methods like Abhyanga that contribute positively to health and wellness.
59) Hand:
Hand signifies the physical method of applying treatment in Ayurveda. In practices like Abhyanga, the hands are instrumental in facilitating massage techniques that improve circulation, deliver oils, and stimulate marma points. The hand's skills are essential for maximizing therapeutic outcomes in holistic healing.
60) Drug:
Drug in the Ayurvedic context signifies a substance employed for healing, often derived from natural resources. The practice emphasizes a comprehensive approach to treatment, where each drug is thoughtfully selected to restore balance in individual patients, aligning with the philosophy of holistic healing.
61) Jara (Jara°, Jará):
Jara means aging in Sanskrit, and in Ayurveda, it is a natural process that can be influenced by lifestyle practices. Regular engagement in Abhyanga is believed to mitigate the effects of Jara by promoting circulation, nourishing tissues, and enhancing overall health, thereby contributing to longevity.
62) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda refers to fat tissue in Ayurveda, playing a significant role in energy balance and bodily health. Maintaining Meda homeostasis is vital for overall well-being. Abhyanga aids in nourishing Meda, regulating body temperature, and supporting metabolic processes crucial for healthy bodily functions.
63) Vayu:
Vayu is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda, representing the element of air and the principle of movement. It governs bodily functions such as breathing and circulation. Balancing Vayu, especially through techniques like Abhyanga, is essential for overall vitality and minimizing health issues related to stress and anxiety.
64) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, a clarified butter in Ayurveda, is known for its nurturing properties. Often used in recipes and treatments, it enhances digestive health and serves as a medium in massages like Abhyanga, where it nourishes the skin deeply while balancing various doshas, enriching overall wellness.
65) Salt (Salty):
Salt, in Ayurveda, is recognized for its vital role in digestion and balancing bodily fluids. While generally viewed with caution, the appropriate use of salt enhances flavors without compromising health. It can also be used externally in some treatments, emphasizing its importance in overall wellness.
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