Ayurvedic review of Padmakashta (Prunus cercoides D. Don) from texts.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: An ayurvedic review of padmakashta (prunus cercoides d don) from of samhita and nigantu
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Kotmire Tejaswini S.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: An ayurvedic review of padmakashta (prunus cercoides d don) from of samhita and nigantu
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20216-20526
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Padmakashta, scientifically known as Prunus cercoides D Don, is a significant herb in Ayurveda, referred to in classical texts such as Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita, and Ashtanga Hrudaya. This herb is primarily used for various health conditions including Raktapitta (blood disorders), Dahaprashmana (heat management), Vednasthapan (pain relief), and Garbhashyasthapan (supporting pregnancy). Padmakashta is noted for its wide range of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, diuretic, and antispasmodic properties.
Therapeutic Properties of Padmakashta
In Ayurveda, Padmakashta is classified under various formulations, showcasing its versatility in treating multiple ailments. The Charak Samhita describes numerous preparations that incorporate Padmakashta as an ingredient, which highlights its healing properties across different conditions. For instance, it is included in formulations to treat skin diseases, fevers, and digestive issues. This herb’s therapeutic actions are profound, with it being recognized for its efficacious use in enhancing overall health and managing complex disorders.
Taxonomy and Habitat
Padmakashta belongs to the Rosaceae family and is widely found in the temperate regions of the Himalayas, spanning areas from Kashmir to Bhutan and Assam to Manipur at altitudes between 900-2300 meters. Its various synonyms include Cerasus cerasoides and Prunus puddum, among others. The classification and nomenclature of this plant emphasize its rich biodiversity and the importance of understanding herbal formulations within Ayurvedic practices. The ecological distribution of Padmakashta contributes to its relevance in traditional medicine.
Historical Significance in Ayurvedic Texts
The historical context of Padmakashta is deeply entrenched in Ayurvedic literature, with mentions in significant texts spanning over thousands of years. Various Nighantus (lexicons) categorize the herb under Chandanadi Varga, and its properties are extensively documented across these classical sources. Each text provides insights into the synonyms, actions, and therapeutic uses, demonstrating the integral role Padmakashta has played in the practice of Ayurvedic medicine. This historical significance underlines the herb's enduring legacy in traditional healthcare systems.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Padmakashta is a valuable herb within Ayurveda, characterized by its multifaceted pharmacological properties and wide-ranging applications in herbal medicine. Its rich historical documentation and classification attest to its importance in the Ayurvedic system. The continuous study and application of Padmakashta in modern herbal practices further validate its relevance, highlighting the importance of integrating ancient knowledge with contemporary scientific research for holistic health solutions.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Padmakashta and where is it commonly found?
Padmakashta, also known as Prunus cercoides, is a medium to large tree found in the temperate Himalaya region, extending from Kashmir to Bhutan and Assam, usually at altitudes of 900-2300 meters.
What therapeutic properties does Padmakashta possess?
Padmakashta is known for its anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, diuretic, BPH protective, and antispasmodic activities. It is also recognized for its cytotoxic properties and effectiveness in treating various ailments.
Which ancient texts mention Padmakashta and its uses?
Padmakashta is referenced in several ancient Ayurvedic texts, including Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, detailing its therapeutic formulations and medicinal applications across various conditions.
What are the key synonyms for Padmakashta?
Some key synonyms of Padmakashta include Cerasus cerasoides, Prunus puddum, and Prunus majestica, commonly referred to as Wild Himalayan Cherry or Dwarf Cherry in various regions.
What is the significance of the Nighantu literature in Ayurveda?
Nighantu literature is essential for understanding medicinal plants in Ayurveda. It describes synonyms, properties, actions, and indications of herbs like Padmakashta, aiding practitioners in the identification and application of these plants.
How is Padmakashta used in Ayurvedic formulations?
Padmakashta is incorporated in various Ayurvedic formulations to address conditions like Raktapitta and skin diseases. Specific preparations mentioned in texts include lepas, kashayas, and ghritas designed for diverse therapeutic effects.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurvedic review of Padmakashta (Prunus cercoides D. Don) from texts.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to the classical texts in Ayurveda that list medicinal plants along with their synonyms, properties, and therapeutic uses. These texts serve as essential references for understanding the Ayurvedic pharmacopeia, enabling practitioners to identify and use herbal medicines effectively in treatments and remedies.
2) Samhita:
Samhitas refer to a collection of valuable resources in Ayurveda containing knowledge on treatment methodologies, herbs, and health principles. They serve as essential texts for Ayurvedic practitioners, guiding their clinical practices and guiding herbal utilization.
3) Lepa:
Lepa means paste or ointment in Ayurvedic terminology, typically used for external applications on the skin. These formulations may contain medicinal herbs and are employed in treatments for various skin ailments, providing therapeutic benefits to promote healing or alleviate symptoms.
4) Gana:
Gana refers to a group or classification of medicinal herbs in Ayurveda. Different groups categorize plants based on their shared characteristics or therapeutic properties. This classification aids practitioners in choosing appropriate herbs for specific conditions and treatments, reflecting Ayurveda's systematic approach to herbal medicine.
5) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya indicates an astringent or bitter taste in Ayurveda, often associated with specific herbal preparations and remedies. Herbs with Kashaya properties are believed to have cooling effects and are used in formulations targeting conditions such as excess Pitta or inflammation, supporting bodily balance.
6) Varga:
Varga means a category or group in Ayurvedic texts, used to classify herbs or formulations based on shared traits or therapeutic actions. It aids practitioners in referencing and understanding the properties and uses of specific plants, streamlining the selection process in herbal medicine.
7) Laghu:
Laghu translates to 'light' in the context of Ayurvedic properties. It reflects a quality of certain substances that are easy to digest and promote lighter bodily effects. Herbs categorized as Laghu are often used to balance heavier doshas, enhancing overall health and digestion.
8) Tikta:
Tikta refers to the bitter taste of certain herbs and formulations in Ayurveda. Herbs with Tikta properties are often recognized for their detoxifying and digestive benefits, used in treating conditions arising from imbalances in the body's systems, especially related to Pitta dosha.
9) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
Raktapitta refers to a condition characterized by bleeding disorders and is mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. It denotes imbalances causing blood-related ailments, and herbal treatments are often prescribed to address symptoms, highlighting the system's focus on blood health and homeostasis.
10) Visarpa:
Visarpa is an Ayurvedic term for skin disorders resembling erysipelas, marked by inflammation and swelling. Treatment may involve specific herbs with anti-inflammatory properties, targeting the root cause and alleviating symptoms, emphasizing Ayurveda's dermatological knowledge.
11) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
Vatarakta represents a condition mirroring gout, with symptoms like pain and swelling due to imbalances in Vata and blood. Ayurveda prescribes specific herbs to manage this condition, showcasing a holistic understanding of joint and circulatory health.
12) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa denotes a term related to cough in Ayurveda. This condition can originate from various doshic imbalances, and Ayurvedic remedies, including herbal formulations, aim to soothe symptoms, promote respiratory health, and restore balance.
13) Triphaladi (Triphala-adi):
Triphaladi refers to preparations that include Triphala, a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation. It combines three fruits—Amla, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki—well-known for their health benefits and used in detoxification, digestion, and rejuvenation therapies.
14) Sarivadi (Sariva-adi):
Sarivadi refers to a category of herbs, specifically formulated combinations with therapeutic actions against various ailments. These herbs work synergistically, enhancing the effectiveness of treatments while addressing specific health concerns through their unique properties.
15) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by qualities of stability and heaviness. Imbalances in Kapha can cause issues such as congestion and lethargy. Ayurvedic treatments focus on restoring balance through dietary and herbal interventions.
16) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drug actions and effects, particularly concerning herbal medicine. In Ayurveda, understanding the pharmacological properties of herbs enables practitioners to optimize formulations for healing and therapeutic applications.
17) Manjishthadi (Manjisthadi):
Manjisthadi refers to a group of Ayurvedic formulations that include Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia). Known for its uses in treatment of skin diseases and detoxification, these formulations help purify blood and support skin health, emphasizing Ayurvedic herbal synergy.
18) Activity:
Activity signifies the effectiveness or therapeutic actions of particular herbs or formulations. In the context of Ayurveda, understanding the activity of herbal drugs is crucial for practitioners to administer appropriate treatments according to diagnosis and patient needs.
19) Grahani:
Grahani refers to a digestive disorder related to malabsorption and loose stools in Ayurveda. Herbal remedies addressing Grahani focus on enhancing digestion and nutrient absorption, reflecting Ayurveda's comprehensive approach to gastrointestinal health.
20) Disease:
Disease in Ayurveda is viewed as an imbalance of doshas, dhatus, or malas. Treatment focuses on restoring balance through diet, lifestyle changes, and herbal remedies, demonstrating Ayurveda's holistic approach to health care and disease management.
21) Basti:
Basti refers to an enema therapy in Ayurveda. It involves administering medicated liquids to cleanse the colon and introduce herbal benefits. Basti therapies target specific disorders, leveraging the therapeutic properties of herbs for holistic healing.
22) Yoga:
Yoga in this context denotes a formulation or therapeutic approach in Ayurveda, combining various ingredients for specific health benefits. These recipes reflect the tradition's emphasis on balancing bodily functions using synergistic properties of herbs, emphasizing holistic treatment methodologies.
23) Rajanighantu (Raja-nighantu, Rajan-nighantu):
Raja-nighantu is a classic Ayurvedic text that classifies medicinal plants and their therapeutic uses. This work is essential for practitioners, providing insights into the properties of herbs, their synonyms, and information necessary for effective treatment formulations.
24) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is the Ayurvedic science that studies the properties and actions of medicinal plants. It encompasses understanding herb characteristics, therapeutic benefits, and classification, forming the foundation for choosing appropriate herbal treatments and fostering knowledgeable practice.
25) Trimarmiya (Tri-marmiya):
Trimarmiya refers to specific Ayurvedic treatments targeting the three vital points of the body associated with health and disease. These are central to maintaining physical balance and are often highlighted in therapeutic formulations and practices within Ayurveda.
26) Madhukadi:
Madhukadi refers to a category of formulations that includes Madhuka (Liquorice). These preparations are known for their soothing and restorative properties, often utilized in treatments for conditions affecting the digestive system and respiratory health.
27) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originating from India, integrating holistic principles, natural remedies, and dietary guidelines. It emphasizes balance among body, mind, and spirit, drawing upon a comprehensive understanding of health and disease through practical applications and personalized treatments.
28) Visphota:
Visphota denotes a condition involving eruptions or skin ailments in Ayurveda. Herbal treatments for Visphota aim to soothe inflammation and promote healing, reflecting the deep understanding of dermatological health within Ayurvedic practices.
29) Prameha:
Prameha refers to a group of disorders characterized by urinary diseases, particularly diabetes. Ayurvedic treatments, including dietary modifications and herbal formulations, focus on managing symptoms, regulating blood sugar levels, and promoting overall health.
30) Vipaka:
Vipaka denotes the post-digestive effect or transformation of food and herbs in Ayurveda. Understanding Vipaka helps practitioners determine the long-term impacts of specific ingredients on bodily physiology and the best formulations for therapeutic efficacy.
31) Kalka:
Kalka refers to a paste made from fresh herbs, often used in Ayurvedic treatments. This preparation method ensures that the active constituents of herbs are effectively utilized, providing concentrated therapeutic benefits in topical and internal applications.
32) Varna:
Varna signifies color or complexion in Ayurveda. It is often used in defining the health of an individual, with herbal treatments aimed to improve or restore skin color, reflecting the tradition's holistic approach to beauty and health.
33) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, an ancient medical system rich in holistic practices, herbal remedies, and cultural philosophies regarding health. Its historical significance in promoting well-being continues to influence modern health systems globally.
34) Raja:
Raja refers to the royal texts or authoritative writings in Ayurveda. These texts are foundational for understanding Ayurvedic principles, herbal classifications, and treatment methodologies, serving as vital resources for practitioners in the field.
35) Katu:
Katu refers to the pungent taste in Ayurveda, characterized by heating and stimulating qualities. Herbs with Katu properties are considered beneficial for digestion and circulation, aiding in the alleviation of certain doshic imbalances.
36) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa denotes the taste of a substance in Ayurveda, foundational to understanding its medicinal properties and effects within the body. The classification of herbs based on Rasa plays a crucial role in prescribing treatments for various conditions.
37) Leha:
Leha refers to a specific form of herbal preparation, often in syrup or paste form, used in Ayurveda. These formulations are used to facilitate absorption of herbal benefits, highlighting the tailored approach to treatments based on individual needs.
38) Daha:
Daha signifies burning sensations, often related to excess Pitta in Ayurveda. Herbal treatments focus on alleviating symptoms of Daha, promoting cooling effects and restoring balance within the body to address discomfort and related ailments.
39) Bhavaprakashanighantu (Bhavaprakasanighantu, Bhavaprakasha-nighantu):
Bhavaprakasha-nighantu is an ancient Ayurvedic text describing various plants and their therapeutic applications. This compendium serves as an essential reference for practitioners, offering insights into herbal properties, uses, and formulations tailored for specific health conditions.
40) Kaiyadevanighantu (Kaiyadeva-nighantu):
Kaiyadeva-nighantu is a classical text that categorizes medicinal plants based on their properties and uses in Ayurvedic formulations. Its significance lies in providing a systematic approach to understanding herbs, aiding practitioners in their therapeutic applications.
41) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta-samhita is one of the foundational texts in Ayurveda, authored by Sushruta, focusing on surgical techniques and herbal treatments. This text is crucial for understanding ancient medical practices, especially regarding surgical and treatment modalities.
42) Haritakyadi:
Haritakyadi refers to formulations that incorporate Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), known for its digestive and rejuvenating properties. These formulations support health through detoxification and nutrient absorption, reflecting Ayurveda's focus on holistic well-being.
43) Sarpavisha (Sarpavisa, Sarpa-visha):
Sarpavisha denotes a type of poison in Ayurveda that can have various effects on health, often requiring specific antidotes or treatments. Ayurveda provides remedies to counteract these poisons, showcasing its comprehensive understanding of toxicology and its impact on health.
44) Pittahara (Pitta-hara):
Pittahara refers to substances or treatments that pacify Pitta dosha, characterized by heat and intensity. Ayurvedic practices use Pittahara herbs to balance excess Pitta, addressing conditions like inflammation and hyperactivity through diet and herbal remedies.
45) Khadiradi:
Khadiradi refers to formulations containing Khadira (Acacia catechu) along with complementary herbs, recognized for their therapeutic effects on skin diseases and detoxification. These preparations demonstrate the articulate blend of herbal remedies in Ayurvedic medicine.
46) Karpuradi:
Karpuradi refers to a group of herbal formulations that include camphor (Karpura). Known for its cooling and soothing properties, these preparations are widely used in Ayurvedic treatments for various ailments, emphasizing holistic health and traditional healing practices.
47) Patoladi (Patola-adi):
Patoladi denotes formulations incorporating Patola (Trichosanthes dioica). These mixtures are valued for their properties related to digestion and detoxification, commonly prescribed in Ayurvedic medicine to manage conditions affecting the digestive system.
48) Kolhapur:
Kolhapur is a location in India known for its historical significance in Ayurveda and traditional medicine practices. The region contributes to the body of Ayurvedic knowledge and promotes herbal treatments in line with its rich cultural heritage.
49) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga refers to the eight-fold path of yoga, closely associated with Ayurvedic principles. This holistic approach emphasizes physical, mental, and spiritual health, reflecting the interconnectedness of Ayurvedic philosophy with practices promoting overall well-being.
50) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Sangraha refers to collecting or compiling knowledge, especially regarding Ayurvedic texts and treatments. This process is vital for preserving ancient wisdom and ensuring the continuity of effective practices and formulations in contemporary Ayurvedic treatment approaches.
51) Pradeha:
Pradeha denotes a specific herbal paste or ointment used in Ayurveda for topical applications. These formulations are typically made from crushed herbs and serve distinct therapeutic purposes, emphasizing the importance of topical treatments in Ayurvedic practices.
52) Sodhala:
Sodhala is an ancient Ayurvedic text that categorizes herbs and their uses. It serves as a significant source of information, guiding practitioners through various medicines and approaches for addressing health conditions.
53) Pralepa:
Pralepa refers to a medicinal paste that is applied externally to treat localized conditions in Ayurveda. These preparations highlight the practice of using herbal remedies for targeted treatments, showcasing the versatility of Ayurvedic formulations.
54) Kashya (Kasya):
Kashya refers to a decoction or herbal tea prepared from boiling herbs in water. This method of preparation is fundamental in Ayurveda, allowing for the extraction of active constituents from plants, facilitating the delivery of therapeutic benefits.
55) Varṇya (Varnya):
Varnya denotes a quality associated with promoting beauty and improving complexion in Ayurveda. Herbal formulations that are Varnya are often prescribed to enhance skin health and appearance, reflecting the emphasis Ayurvedic practices place on holistic beauty.
56) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kustha refers to skin diseases or conditions in Ayurveda, including various dermatological disorders. Treatments may involve specific herbs and formulations designed to alleviate symptoms and promote healthier skin, showcasing Ayurveda's holistic perspective on skin health.
57) Niruha:
Niruha signifies a procedure involving an enema in Ayurveda, particularly aimed at cleansing and detoxifying the body. This therapeutic practice is utilized to address various health issues, emphasizing Ayurveda's focus on effective internal cleansing methods.
58) Family:
Family in this context refers to taxonomical classifications of plants within the Ayurvedic pharmacopeia. Understanding plant families aids practitioners in recognizing similar herbs and their corresponding properties, enhancing knowledge when selecting treatments.
59) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma may refer to a specific author or practitioner in the Ayurvedic literature context. Contributions from figures like Sharma advance Ayurvedic knowledge and understanding, providing insights into medicinal practices and formulations.
60) Varti (Vartin):
Varti indicates a medicated wick or roll in Ayurveda, typically infused with herbal properties. These preparations are often used in therapeutic practices to deliver localized benefits for conditions affecting specific areas of the body.
61) Priya:
Priya refers to a piece of Ayurvedic literature or a collection derived from traditional knowledge. Works bearing this name often provide valuable insights, encompassing various aspects of herbal properties, medicinal preparations, and treatments.
62) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
Arsha signifies a term related to hemorrhoids in Ayurveda. Treatment strategies focus on relieving discomfort and promoting healing through dietary changes and specific herbal treatments, showcasing Ayurveda's broad approach to managing various health issues.
63) Guna:
Guna refers to the inherent qualities of an item in Ayurveda, including herbs and food. Understanding Guna is essential for practitioners, as it impacts how substances affect the body, guiding treatment choices to achieve balance.
64) Drug:
Drug denotes any substance utilized for therapeutic purposes in Ayurveda, including herbal concoctions, dietary adjustments, or therapeutic activities. It emphasizes the holistic approach of Ayurveda to health and recovery, merging nature with medicinal knowledge.
65) Madanapalanighantu (Madanapala-nighantu):
Madanapala-nighantu is a classical Ayurvedic text that classifies and describes medicinal herbs. It holds importance for its systematic approach, aiding practitioners in understanding herbal properties and therapeutic uses, reinforcing traditional knowledge with practical applications.
66) Pushpavarga (Puspavarga, Pushpa-varga):
Pushpa-varga refers to the classification of floral plants in Ayurveda, highlighting the therapeutic potentials of various flowers. This categorization aids practitioners in utilizing floral properties for medicinal preparations, contributing to the efficacy of treatments.
67) Matrashitiya (Matrasitiya, Matra-shitiya):
Matrashitiya refers to a specific Ayurvedic formulation known for its uses in treatments, particularly aimed at maternal care or post-natal conditions. These formulations emphasize Ayurveda's approach to women's health and the recovery process after childbirth.
68) Niruhabasti (Niruha-basti):
Niruha-basti denotes a type of enema therapy in Ayurveda that uses medicated decoctions. This procedure is employed for its cleansing and therapeutic benefits, targeting specific doshic imbalances and promoting overall health.
69) Mahakashaya (Mahakasaya, Maha-kashaya):
Mahakashaya refers to significant Ayurvedic formulations or groups that include a multitude of herbs with broad therapeutic effects. This classification emphasizes the synergistic properties of plant combinations and their holistic roles in healing.
70) Pippalyadi (Pippali-adi):
Pippalyadi refers to formulations that include Pippali (Long pepper) among other herbs. Known for its digestive and respiratory benefits, this formulation is used to enhance metabolism and strengthen the body’s defenses against illnesses.
71) Vatavyadhi (Vata-vyadhi):
Vatavyadhi refers to disorders caused by Vata imbalances in Ayurveda, often manifesting as pain or neurological issues. Treatments focus on pacifying Vata through dietary adjustments and herbal remedies to restore normal functioning.
72) Discussion:
Discussion in the context of Ayurvedic literature involves analytic reviews of herbal properties, therapeutic uses, and treatment outcomes. It is essential for practitioners to consolidate knowledge and practice evidence-based approaches in the treatment of patients.
73) Vishaghna (Visaghna, Visha-ghna):
Vishaghna translates to antidotal effects of certain herbs against poisoning or adverse toxic reactions in Ayurveda. It highlights the importance of specific formulations to counteract toxins, showcasing the depth of Ayurvedic understanding of toxicology.
74) Ratnakara (Ratna-akara, Ratna-kara):
Ratnakara refers to an authoritative Ayurvedic text, known for its comprehensive descriptions of herbs and their applications. This work is significant for practitioners, aiding them in understanding complex herbal formulations and their therapeutic values.
75) Mahapadma (Maha-padma):
Mahapadma indicates a specific formulation or preparation in Ayurveda, often associated with beneficial effects on health. Such formulations embody traditional knowledge of holistic care and the intricate blend of herbs for therapeutic benefits.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 122]
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