Efficacy of drakshavaleha in pregnancy induced constipation

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Efficacy of drakshavaleha in pregnancy induced constipation
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Vaishali Chande and Seema Gholap


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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Efficacy of drakshavaleha in pregnancy induced constipation

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20217-20887

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Constipation during pregnancy is a prevalent issue affecting many women and can significantly impact their quality of life. Factors contributing to this condition include hormonal changes, increased iron intake, pressure from the growing uterus, and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise. The Ayurvedic system provides a holistic approach to managing this common ailment, particularly through the use of herbal compositions like Drakshavaleha. This study evaluates the efficacy of Drakshavaleha in alleviating constipation in pregnant women, demonstrating its effectiveness and safety within a clinical setting.

Efficacy of Drakshavaleha in Constipation Relief

Drakshavaleha, an Ayurvedic formulation primarily made from raisins (Draksha) and other herbal ingredients, was tested on 60 antenatal women suffering from constipation. The formulation is known for its properties that balance Vata dosha, related to movement and digestion, which is considered an essential factor in the pathophysiology of constipation. Throughout the study, all patients reported significant relief from various symptoms of constipation, including hard stools, excessive straining during bowel movements, and a sense of incomplete evacuation, achieving a 100% success rate by the end of the treatment period.

Factors Contributing to Constipation During Pregnancy

Several factors contribute to constipation during pregnancy, as highlighted in the study. Hormonal changes, particularly the increased levels of progesterone, slow down gastrointestinal motility. Physical changes, such as pressure exerted by the growing uterus on the rectum, compounded by emotional stress and dietary habits (including low fiber intake), further exacerbate constipation. The Ayurvedic approach emphasizes understanding these underlying issues, focusing on balancing aggravated Vata dosha, and using supportive natural remedies like Drakshavaleha for effective management.

Methodology and Results

The open-label clinical study employed a straightforward methodology, assessing the outcomes of Drakshavaleha over a period of 15 days with follow-up evaluations at intervals. Participants were given a specific dosage of Drakshavaleha, administered at night with either milk or water. All patients underwent thorough evaluations based on subjective criteria and symptoms related to constipation. Statistical analysis confirmed significant improvements in constipation symptoms, indicating Drakshavaleha's role as an effective therapeutic agent in traditional Ayurvedic practice.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study demonstrates that Drakshavaleha is an effective and safe remedy for relieving constipation during pregnancy, with no reported adverse effects. Given the high prevalence of constipation among pregnant women and the challenges associated with conventional treatment methods, Drakshavaleha provides a valuable alternative rooted in Ayurvedic principles. Continuous emphasis on understanding the doshic imbalances and utilizing natural formulations can greatly enhance maternal health and well-being throughout pregnancy. This Ayurvedic approach underscores the importance of integrating traditional practices with modern obstetric care.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the main aim of the study on Drakshavaleha?

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Drakshavaleha in relieving constipation during pregnancy. It focused on understanding the preparation's ingredients and their effects on symptoms related to constipation.

How many patients were involved in the Drakshavaleha study?

A total of 60 patients were recruited for the study, all experiencing constipation during pregnancy. The patients were treated with Drakshavaleha for 15 days.

What were the common causes of constipation in pregnancy identified?

Common causes include hormonal changes, pressure on the rectum, excessive iron intake, emotions like anxiety, a low-fiber diet, and lack of exercise, all contributing to constipation during pregnancy.

What results were achieved in the study using Drakshavaleha?

Out of the 60 patients, all reported relief from constipation symptoms, resulting in a 100% success rate in the study, highlighting Drakshavaleha’s effectiveness.

What are the main ingredients of Drakshavaleha?

Main ingredients include Draksha (raisins), Pippali, Yastimadhu, Zingiber, Vamshalochana, and Amalaki. These ingredients contribute to the formulation's laxative and digestive properties, beneficial for alleviating constipation.

Were there any side effects reported from using Drakshavaleha?

No untoward side effects were reported during the study. Patients did not express complaints or experiences of drug intolerance while using Drakshavaleha for constipation relief.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Efficacy of drakshavaleha in pregnancy induced constipation”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Vata:
Vata is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda, referring to one of the three doshas that govern bodily functions. It encompasses qualities such as dryness, lightness, and coldness, affecting everything from digestion to circulation. An imbalance in vata can lead to various health issues, including constipation, particularly in pregnant women due to physiological changes.

2) Study (Studying):
The study refers to a structured investigation designed to evaluate the efficacy of Drakshavaleha in alleviating pregnancy-induced constipation. It encompasses specific methodologies, sample sizes, and observational criteria to assess treatments' effectiveness and overall benefits, contributing to the body of knowledge in Ayurvedic medicine and maternal health.

3) Observation:
Observations refer to the systematic recording of patient responses and treatment effects throughout the study. Documenting these observations is crucial for analyzing the efficacy of interventions, garnering insights into the success of Ayurvedic treatments like Drakshavaleha in managing constipation.

4) Discussion:
Discussion involves analyzing the findings from the study, interpreting the observed results, and placing them within the broader context of existing research on pregnancy and Ayurvedic treatments. It serves as an essential platform for exploring implications, limitations, and potential future studies, as well as fostering deeper understanding of the issues at hand.

5) Table:
Table refers to the structured presentation of data collected throughout the study. It organizes information such as age, weight, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes, allowing for easy analysis and comparison. Tables are essential for conveying complex data succinctly and enable readers to grasp key findings quickly and clearly.

6) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha is an Ayurvedic term that signifies the vital energies or principles governing bodily functions—vata, pitta, and kapha. Each dosha has distinct attributes and influences physiological processes, health balance, and disease susceptibility. Imbalances in doshas are believed to lead to health issues, making their understanding fundamental in Ayurvedic practice.

7) Food:
Food in this context refers to the diet and nutrition consumed by pregnant women. Proper food selection is critical in Ayurveda, as it directly influences the health of the mother and fetus. The quality, type, and timing of food intake can help prevent or manage conditions such as constipation during pregnancy.

8) Agni:
Agni represents the digestive fire or metabolic processes in Ayurveda, crucial for transforming food into energy and nutrients. It signifies the balance of digestion, assimilation, and elimination of waste. A balanced Agni is essential for overall health and is particularly relevant in treating digestive issues like constipation.

9) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vata-dosha refers to the specific constitutional type characterized by traits such as dryness and coldness. It governs movements in the body and is essential for digestion and elimination. In pregnant women, an imbalance in vata-dosha can lead to issues like constipation, necessitating Ayurvedic interventions.

10) Draksha (Draksa):
Draksha, or dried grapes (raisins), is an ingredient in Drakshavaleha used in Ayurveda for its laxative properties. Rich in dietary fiber and moisture, Draksha can help alleviate constipation by promoting bowel movements and softening stools, making it particularly beneficial for pregnant women experiencing digestive difficulties.

11) Koshtha (Kostha):
Koshtha refers to the quality of the digestive system in Ayurveda. It is classified into three types: Krur (hard), Madhyam (medium), and Mridu (soft) based on digestive strength. Understanding a patient's Koshtha is vital in tailoring treatments for constipation and other gastrointestinal issues.

12) Medium:
Medium in this context refers to the format or method of treatment administration. In the study, the medium for Drakshavaleha is water or milk, facilitating easier consumption and absorption of the Ayurvedic formulation for pregnant women who may have dietary restrictions or aversions.

13) India:
India is the country of origin for Ayurveda, a holistic healing system that incorporates natural remedies and dietary considerations for health and well-being. Cultural aspects, lifestyle, and diet in India significantly influence the practice of Ayurveda, notably in treating pregnancy-related conditions.

14) Life:
Life in this context pertains to the health and well-being of pregnant women and the quality of life during pregnancy. Managing conditions like constipation is crucial for maternal comfort and harmony during pregnancy, contributing to a healthy life for both the mother and the unborn child.

15) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine focusing on balance in bodily systems and the use of herbal remedies. It emphasizes individualized treatment based on a person's constitution (Prakruti) and aims to restore health through holistic approaches, including diet, lifestyle changes, and natural medications.

16) Bharati:
Bharati, as mentioned in the study, refers to Bharati Vidyapeeth, the institution involved in conducting the research. It signifies a setting that focuses on integrating traditional Ayurvedic practices into education and clinical care, thereby promoting research and treatment methodologies in maternal health.

17) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda that represents transformation and metabolism, governing digestion, energy production, and heat in the body. An imbalance in pitta can manifest as various symptoms, and it is essential to balance all doshas, including pitta, for optimal health.

18) Water:
Water is the medium used to facilitate the administration of Drakshavaleha for treating constipation in pregnancy. It plays a crucial role in hydration and digestive health, helping to enhance the effects of Ayurvedic formulations, promoting effective bowel movements and preventing dehydration-related complications.

19) Milk:
Milk serves as one of the vehicles for administering Drakshavaleha, especially in pregnant women who may have varied responses to treatments. It not only makes the medicine palatable but also provides nutritional benefits and helps in softening stools for those experiencing constipation.

20) Drug:
Drugs refer to the various medicinal substances used in Ayurvedic treatment protocols. Understanding the properties and roles of specific drugs, such as Drakshavaleha, is essential in optimizing health management during pregnancy, particularly in addressing conditions like constipation.

21) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state where the study was conducted. This geographical context highlights the local practices and availability of Ayurvedic resources and treatments, as well as the cultural significance of Ayurveda in healthcare within the state.

22) Marriage:
Marriage is a significant cultural institution in India, with many women becoming pregnant soon after marriage. The societal norms around marriage age and family planning affect the population of pregnant women, emphasizing the need for effective healthcare solutions like those provided by Ayurvedic practices.

23) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to the condition of a woman expecting a child, which brings unique physiological changes and challenges, including digestive issues such as constipation. Managing health during pregnancy is critical, and effective treatments like Drakshavaleha can greatly improve the quality of life for expectant mothers.

24) Samhita:
Samhitas are ancient texts in Ayurveda that compile knowledge regarding herbology, treatment protocols, and medical philosophy. These texts provide the foundational principles for modern Ayurvedic practice and inform guidelines for managing pregnancy-related issues like constipation.

25) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, or long pepper, is an Ayurvedic herb used for its digestive properties. It enhances metabolism and can help relieve constipation by promoting digestive flow, making it a vital ingredient in Drakshavaleha for pregnant women suffering from indigestion issues.

26) Shunthi (Sunthi, Sumthi, Shumthi):
Shunthi refers to dried ginger, a commonly used ingredient in Ayurvedic medicine. It is known for its warming properties and ability to stimulate digestion, making it valuable in the treatment of constipation, as included in formulations like Drakshavaleha to aid pregnant women.

27) Prasuti:
Prasuti relates to obstetrics in Ayurveda, focusing on pregnancy and childbirth. Understanding prasuti is integral for providing appropriate care during pregnancy, ensuring the health of both mother and child by addressing challenges like constipation through holistic approaches.

28) Disease:
Diseases encompass various health conditions and imbalances experienced by individuals, including those affecting pregnant women. In Ayurveda, understanding the nature and causes of diseases allows for holistic treatment approaches tailored to restore balance and promote well-being.

29) Sthana:
Sthana signifies a place or location in Ayurvedic terminology and can refer to a specific condition within the body or a particular area affected by dosha imbalances. Sthana is essential for diagnosing and determining the approach for treatment within the context of health and disease.

30) Mala:
Mala refers to waste or excrement in Ayurvedic understanding. In treating constipation, addressing mala becomes crucial, as it pertains to elimination processes. Proper management of mala is linked to digestive health and overall well-being, especially in pregnant women.

31) Pune:
Pune is a city in Maharashtra where the College of Ayurved is based, highlighting the location of the study. The city serves as a hub for Ayurvedic education and research, contributing to efforts in developing treatments for maternal health issues like constipation.

32) Parikartika:
Parikartika refers to conditions like anal fissures, which may arise as complications from chronic constipation. Recognizing potential side effects of untreated constipation emphasizes the importance of effective treatment strategies like Drakshavaleha for maintaining optimal digestive health during pregnancy.

33) Tikshnagni (Tiksnagni, Tikshna-agni):
Tikshnagni refers to strong digestive fire in Ayurveda, which can lead to rapid digestion and elimination. While generally beneficial, an imbalance here could also stimulate digestive distress. Understanding various types of Agni helps tailor treatments for constipation, particularly during pregnancy.

34) Samprapti:
Samprapti indicates the pathogenesis or process that leads to a disease in Ayurveda. Understanding samprapti allows practitioners to identify the root cause of constipation in pregnant women and develop targeted interventions, such as Drakshavaleha, to restore balance.

35) Vibandha:
Vibandha is the Ayurvedic term for constipation, encompassing various symptoms related to difficulty in bowel movements. Identifying vibandha is essential for devising appropriate treatments based on Ayurvedic principles, particularly concerning the management of digestive health in pregnant women.

36) Vaishali (Vaisali):
Vaishali is the name of the lead author of the study, contributing to research on Ayurvedic treatments for pregnancy-induced conditions. By presenting findings on the efficacy of Drakshavaleha, her work helps advance understanding and acceptance of Ayurvedic remedies in modern healthcare.

37) Garbhini:
Garbhini refers to a pregnant woman in Ayurveda. The health of the Garbhini is paramount, as it directly affects her well-being and the development of the fetus. Ayurvedic practices aim to support Garbhini's health by addressing common concerns like constipation through holistic interventions.

38) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Mandagni signifies a weakened digestive fire in Ayurveda, often leading to slow digestion and complications such as constipation. Recognizing Mandagni is vital for Ayurvedic practitioners to provide effective treatments that stimulate digestive function and improve overall health.

39) Prastha (Prashtha):
Prastha denotes a measurement unit used in Ayurveda, often weighing out herbal ingredients for formulations. Accurate measurement is crucial in preparing Ayurvedic medicines like Drakshavaleha, ensuring the correct dosages are administered for effective treatment.

40) Samagni (Sama-agni):
Samagni represents balanced digestive fire in Ayurveda, essential for optimal digestion, nutrient absorption, and elimination. Maintaining Samagni is crucial for overall health, especially during pregnancy, as it influences the pregnant woman’s ability to manage digestive issues like constipation effectively.

41) Madhuka:
Madhuka, or licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), is an ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations known for its soothing properties. It aids digestion and provides relief from conditions like constipation when included in remedies such as Drakshavaleha, demonstrating the importance of herbal ingredients in treatment.

42) Quality:
Quality pertains to the effectiveness and safety of Ayurvedic treatments, such as Drakshavaleha, in managing constipation during pregnancy. Ensuring high-quality formulations is vital for maintaining health and preventing complications resulting from inadequate digestive support.

43) Science (Scientific):
Science in this context relates to the systematic study and methodology involved in evaluating herbal treatments like Drakshavaleha for pregnancy-related constipation. It entails using statistical analysis and clinical trials to assess efficacy, enhancing the credibility and reliability of Ayurvedic practices.

44) Dravya:
Dravya is the singular form of dravyas, indicating a specific substance or material used in Ayurvedic practice. It underscores the importance of choosing the right ingredients in formulations like Drakshavaleha for effective management of physiological issues such as pregnancy-induced constipation.

45) Phala:
Phala means fruit in Sanskrit and can symbolize the outcome or beneficial effects of treatments in Ayurveda. When referring to Ayurvedic remedies, phala represents the expected results and improvements in health conditions, such as relieving constipation in pregnant women.

46) Apana:
Apana is a vital process related to downward movement in Ayurvedic physiology, particularly in the context of elimination and reproductive health. Maintaining apana's balance is critical in preventing constipation and promoting overall health during pregnancy.

47) Birth:
Birth signifies the culmination of pregnancy and the importance of health during this period for both the mother and child. Proper management of conditions like constipation is crucial for ensuring smooth labor and a healthy delivery.

48) Labour (Labor):
Labor refers to the process of childbirth, where a pregnant woman's physical state significantly impacts the experience. Addressing issues like constipation plays a vital role in preparing the body for labor, ensuring comfort and reducing complications during delivery.

49) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa means taste or essence derived from food, playing a significant role in Ayurveda's dietary recommendations. The quality of rasa impacts nutrition and health, linking directly to managing conditions like constipation through appropriate dietary choices during pregnancy.

50) Aha (Ahan, Ahar):
Ahar stands for diet and encompasses the nutritional aspects of food that nourish the body. In Ayurveda, choosing the right ahar is essential for maintaining health, particularly for pregnant women who may experience digestive issues like constipation.

51) Kala:
Kala in Ayurveda indicates time or phases concerning health and treatment regimes. Considering kala is crucial in administering treatments such as Drakshavaleha, as timing can influence digestion and absorption, helping mitigate issues like constipation in pregnancy.

52) Diet:
Diet is fundamentally significant in Ayurvedic practices for maintaining health and preventing diseases. The right dietary choices during pregnancy, particularly concerning fiber intake and hydration, are crucial to prevent constipation and ensure overall maternal-fetal health.

53) Sign:
Sign represents symptoms or indicators of conditions in Ayurveda. Understanding the signs associated with constipation allows practitioners to identify when treatments like Drakshavaleha are necessary, facilitating effective management of digestive health during pregnancy.

54) Fire:
Fire symbolizes agni, or digestive fire, which is intimately connected to health and metabolism in Ayurveda. Properly balanced agni is vital for digestion; imbalance can lead to complications such as constipation in pregnant women, highlighting the need for effective treatments.

55) Pain:
Pain is a common symptom experienced in various conditions, including digestive issues during pregnancy. Managing pain associated with constipation is crucial in enhancing quality of life for pregnant women, making effective treatments like Drakshavaleha essential in clinical care.

56) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, or ginger, is an important component in Ayurvedic medicine known for its digestive properties. Used in formulations to alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort and promote better digestion, ginger can help in managing constipation effectively, particularly during pregnancy.

57) Glycyrrhiza glabra:
Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as licorice or Madhuka, is a key ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations for its soothing and demulcent properties. It can help in treating digestive disorders like constipation, validating its inclusion in remedies aimed at pregnant women experiencing discomfort.

58) Piper longum:
Piper longum, also known as long pepper or Pippali, is valued in Ayurveda for its potent digestive and stimulant properties. It is often used in formulations to enhance digestion, making it beneficial for alleviating constipation in pregnant women, aligning with Ayurvedic principles of maintaining balance.

59) Siddhisthana (Siddhi-sthana):
Siddhi-sthana refers to the stages of accomplishment or successful outcomes in Ayurvedic treatment protocols. Recognizing the siddhi-sthana associated with treatments like Drakshavaleha is crucial in evaluating their effectiveness in managing constipation during pregnancy.

60) Sutrasthana (Sutra-sthana):
Sutra-sthana designates the theoretical framework and foundational teachings in Ayurveda. This encompasses fundamental principles dictating treatment approaches, including those used for addressing conditions such as constipation, emphasizing the integration of traditional knowledge in clinical settings.

61) Purification:
Purification, or shodhana, in Ayurveda refers to cleansing processes aimed at detoxifying the body. During pregnancy, certain purification therapies are contraindicated, highlighting the importance of non-invasive methods like Drakshavaleha for managing conditions such as constipation while ensuring mother and infant's safety.

62) Yashtimadhu (Yastimadhu, Yashti-madhu):
Yastimadhu is another name for Glycyrrhiza glabra or licorice, known for its digestive and soothing properties. Its role in Ayurvedic formulations assists in managing various digestive disorders, including constipation, making it beneficial during pregnancy where digestive comfort is desired.

63) Apanavayu (Apana-vayu):
Apana-vayu represents the specific type of vayu associated with downward motion and elimination in the body. In Ayurveda, maintaining balance in apana-vayu is essential for preventing issues like constipation during pregnancy, determining treatment strategies focused on enhancing elimination.

64) Apanavata (Apana-vata):
Apana-vata is closely tied to the process of elimination within the body. In the context of constipation, understanding and managing apana-vata is crucial for promoting regular bowel movements and addressing digestive health, particularly in pregnant women.

65) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya refers to the Ayurvedic concept of medicinals and prescribed treatments. Understanding bhaishajya is critical in identifying appropriate herbal formulations like Drakshavaleha to support healthy digestion and prevent complications such as constipation in pregnant women.

66) Panduroga (Pandu-roga, Pamduroga):
Pandu-roga represents a condition described in Ayurveda, often associated with anemia. Being aware of pandu-roga allows practitioners to address potential health issues that may arise alongside gastrointestinal problems during pregnancy, highlighting the comprehensive approach of Ayurvedic practices.

67) Mulasthana (Mula-sthana):
Mulasthana refers to the anatomical or functional site of a disease or dosha. Recognizing the mulasthana of vata, for example, aids in determining effective treatments for symptoms like constipation, emphasizing the targeted approaches utilized in Ayurvedic medicine.

68) Developing:
Developing refers to the growth and maturation of the fetus during pregnancy. Ensuring the health of the mother through proper management of digestive issues like constipation is vital for optimal fetal development, linking maternal well-being to the growth of the developing child.

69) Knowledge:
Knowledge signifies the information and understanding derived from Ayurvedic principles, studies, and practices. Cultivating this knowledge enhances the ability to address health issues like constipation during pregnancy effectively and improves patient care through informed treatment strategies.

70) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation in Ayurveda refers to the disturbance or imbalance of doshas leading to disease. Understanding the vitiation process helps Ayurvedic practitioners devise treatment strategies like Drakshavaleha to restore balance and alleviate conditions such as constipation, particularly in pregnant women.

71) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu signifies comprehensive texts detailing various medicinal plants and their properties in Ayurveda. Knowledge of specific nighantus guides practitioners in formulating remedies like Drakshavaleha, ensuring that appropriate ingredients are utilized for addressing conditions like constipation.

72) Padartha (Pada-artha):
Padartha refers to the fundamental concept of objects or elements in Ayurvedic philosophy and treatment. Understanding padartha helps practitioners identify the appropriate substances for formulations, ensuring effective remedies for managing conditions during pregnancy, such as constipation.

73) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana represents the signs and symptoms associated with health conditions in Ayurveda. Identifying Lakshana for constipation allows practitioners to assess the severity of the condition, facilitating the application of effective treatments tailored to pregnant women's specific needs.

74) Kashyapa (Kasyapa, Kashya-pa, Kashyapanamdana):
Kashyapa refers to an ancient figure in Ayurvedic tradition known for contributions to obstetrics and pediatrics. His teachings emphasize essential practices for women's health during pregnancy, providing a foundation for treatments aimed at relieving issues like constipation.

75) Udavarta:
Udavarta is an Ayurvedic term for upward movement within the body, often linked to emotional and digestive disturbances. Understanding udavarta's impact guides practitioners in treating conditions like constipation, particularly in pregnant women experiencing shifts in physical and emotional health.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 129]

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