A short review on covid 19 and child psyche

impact and probable remedial measures

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A short review on covid 19 and child psyche
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: impact and probable remedial measures

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Author:

Kuntal Gupta


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: A short review on covid 19 and child psyche

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20217-20827

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020, has imposed unprecedented restrictions on the global population, particularly affecting children and adolescents. The extended periods of home confinement and lockdowns have had profound implications on their mental health, often surpassing the physical impacts experienced by adults. Various studies indicate heightened psychological disturbances among younger populations, manifesting as anxiety, sleep disorders, and behavioral issues. This review explores these psychological effects and recommends potential remedial measures.

Psychological Impact on Children

Effects on Young Children
Research highlights that young children, particularly those aged 3 to 6, exhibit heightened emotional attachment and increased anxiety about separation from family members during the pandemic. Symptoms such as sleep disturbances, nightmares, and decreased appetite have been reported. The presence of pre-existing mental health conditions—like ADHD, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders—aggravates these issues, making affected children more vulnerable during lockdowns. The disruption to their routines and the perpetual concern for parental and familial safety further compounds their distress.

Adolescent Anxiety and Behavioral Changes

Challenges Faced by Adolescents
Adolescents have shown signs of increased irritability, mood swings, and inattention during lockdown periods, with unique challenges that include anxiety over cancelled academic events and the pressures of online learning. The pandemic has led to a significant rise in internet usage among teenagers, contributing to compulsive behavior and exposure to inappropriate content. The isolation from peers, combined with uncertainty regarding their educational future and personal relationships, weighs heavily on their mental well-being, often leading to increased risk-taking behaviors and substance abuse.

Economic and Social Factors Influencing Mental Health

Socioeconomic Disparities
The impact of COVID-19 is not uniformly experienced among families, with significant disparities based on socio-economic status. Families facing economic hardships experience increased stress that translates into harmful dynamics affecting children, including domestic violence and neglect. Vulnerable populations, particularly those lacking access to online education resources, face severe disruptions in routine, leading to developmental and educational setbacks. The crisis exacerbates pre-existing inequalities, as marginalized children often miss out on essential support systems available to those in better socio-economic conditions.

Conclusion

In response to the psychological stress inflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of parents, educational institutions, and mental health professionals is critical in mitigating adverse effects on children and adolescents. Emphasizing mental health education, regular counseling, and fostering supportive environments at home and in schools can help children process their experiences and fears during these troubling times. Collective efforts focusing on coping strategies, healthy routines, and access to mental health resources will be essential in fostering resilience and promoting well-being in this generation affected by the pandemic.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What impact has COVID-19 had on children's mental health?

The pandemic has significantly increased psychological issues in children, leading to attachment issues, sleep disturbances, nightmares, and separation anxiety. Adolescents showed increased internet use, irritability, and mood swings during lockdown.

How have lockdowns affected children's daily routines?

Lockdowns disrupted children's healthy daily routines, leading to boredom, increased stress, and sleeping difficulties. The inability to engage in outdoor activities and in-person schooling affected their overall mental well-being.

What role do parents play in supporting children's mental health during COVID-19?

Parents should help their children process pandemic-related information, maintain healthy routines, and foster open communication. Their psychological well-being directly impacts their children's mental health.

What remedial measures can be taken for children's psychological stress?

Regular psychological counseling sessions in schools, promoting creative activities, and training parents on developmental needs are essential. Maintaining communication with child psychologists can help identify and address mental health issues early.

What factors influence the psychological impact of the pandemic on children?

Factors include age, education level, pre-existing mental health conditions, socioeconomic status, and exposure to traumatic events like illness or loss. These variables lead to different psychological outcomes among children.

What should educational institutions do to support students' mental health?

Educational institutions need to conduct psychological counseling regularly, provide coping strategies, and offer creative online sessions to facilitate social interaction and alleviate the psychological burden of isolation.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A short review on covid 19 and child psyche”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Mental health:
Mental health refers to the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of an individual. It impacts how people think, feel, and act, influencing their ability to manage stress, relate to others, and make choices. Poor mental health can result in mental disorders, especially in vulnerable populations like children and adolescents during events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

2) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a natural psychological response to stress. It can manifest as feelings of worry or fear and can significantly impact daily life. During the COVID-19 pandemic, both children and adolescents experienced heightened anxiety levels due to uncertainty and changes in routine, highlighting the importance of addressing mental health during crises.

3) Gupta:
Gupta is the author of the review, focusing on the psychological effects of COVID-19 on children and adolescents. As an Assistant Professor in the Dept. of Physiology, Gupta aims to raise awareness about mental health challenges during the pandemic. His work emphasizes the need for comprehensive understanding and remedies for affected demographics.

4) Depression:
Depression is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest. It can cause significant impairment in daily functioning and is prevalent among children and adolescents, particularly in stressful situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Awareness and early interventions are crucial to mitigate its effects.

5) Family:
Family plays a critical role in the psychological well-being of children. During the COVID-19 pandemic, families were often restricted to home environments, leading to shifts in dynamics and increased stressors. Family support is essential for maintaining mental health, especially when external factors such as economic hardship or health concerns arise.

6) Educational institution:
Educational institutions encompass schools and colleges that are vital for learning and social interaction. The closure of these settings due to the pandemic led to isolation and mental health challenges for students. Innovative educational approaches, including online learning and psychological counseling, have since become necessary to support affected students.

7) India:
India is one of the countries significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with widespread lockdowns affecting millions. The resulting stress and disruptions have had pronounced mental health consequences for its youth. The need for targeted mental health initiatives and educational support systems has become increasingly urgent in this context.

8) Mental disorder:
A mental disorder is a clinically diagnosable condition affecting a person's mood, thinking, and behavior. These disorders can arise from various factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental stressors like the COVID-19 pandemic, and socio-economic challenges. Early detection and treatment are vital for recovery and managing long-term implications.

9) Education:
Education serves as a foundation for personal and societal growth. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional education methods, pushing institutions towards online learning approaches. This shift not only affected academic performance but also greatly influenced students' mental well-being, necessitating integrative strategies for support during such transitional phases.

10) Fear:
Fear is a natural emotion triggered by perceived threats, often leading to anxiety and stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has instilled fear in children regarding health risks and uncertainties. Addressing these fears through open communication and supportive environments is crucial to maintaining psychological resilience during challenging times.

11) Hand:
Hands symbolize care, engagement, and physical connection, all of which are vital for emotional support. Physical distancing during the pandemic limited tactile interactions, emphasizing the need for alternative communicative practices to maintain supportive relationships between children and caregivers.

12) Viru:
Viru likely refers to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighted throughout the review. This virus has disrupted lives globally, particularly affecting children and adolescents, necessitating a focus on mental health issues related to shared experiences of fear, isolation, and uncertainty during the pandemic's timeline.

13) Pur:
Poor signifies a lack of resources, which can exacerbate mental and physical health issues. Vulnerable families suffering from economic crises, especially during COVID-19, face increased mental health challenges for their children. Addressing inequalities and providing support are crucial for promoting better outcomes for affected populations.

14) Life:
Life represents the human experience, encompassing both physical and mental dimensions. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered life significantly for children and adolescents, affecting their mental health, routines, and social interactions. Understanding these changes is essential for developing effective strategies to support their overall well-being.

15) Common People (Common Folk):
Common people refer to the general population, who, during the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced heightened fear, anxiety, and challenges related to mental health. Awareness of mental health issues in broader societal contexts is necessary for fostering empathy and implementing community-based support systems for recovery.

16) Learning:
Learning is the process by which individuals acquire knowledge and skills. During the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional learning was disrupted, leading to increased reliance on online methods. This shift raised concerns over access and engagement in learning, particularly for vulnerable populations, affecting educational outcomes and mental health.

17) Disease:
Disease encompasses various health conditions that affect individuals. The COVID-19 outbreak is not just a viral infection; it has also escalated mental health challenges among children and adolescents due to social isolation and uncertainty. Identifying and addressing these effects is crucial for holistic recovery and public health planning.

18) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene relates to practices that promote health and prevent disease. During the pandemic, hygiene practices gained significant attention, with emphasis on washing hands and wearing masks. Education around hygiene is essential in schools to ensure children's safety and comfort, contributing to a broader understanding of health.

19) Psyche:
Psyche refers to the mental processes, emotional states, and fundamental psychological framework of an individual. The pandemic has profoundly influenced the psyche of children and adolescents, leading to increased anxiety and changes in behavior. Understanding the psyche during such times is essential for targeted mental health interventions.

20) Birth:
Birth is the commencement of life, signifying vulnerability, especially for infants. Maternal mental health during pregnancy and childbirth can strongly impact a child's early psychological development. During crises like COVID-19, maintaining support for maternal mental health is essential for promoting healthy outcomes for both mothers and their children.

21) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the investigation of specific subjects or phenomena, often connected to educational processes. Research conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the diverse psychological impacts on children and adolescents. These studies serve to inform policy-making and design effective interventions necessary for recovery and support.

22) Pose:
Pose signifies the actions or behaviors resulting from situations or environments. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions have posed multiple challenges for children, impacting their mental health and development. Addressing these posed challenges through targeted interventions is essential for supporting children's well-being.

23) Drug:
Drugs represent substances that can lead to dependency and other mental health challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen an uptick in drug use as a coping mechanism among youths, highlighting the critical need for mental health education and intervention strategies to address these issues effectively.

24) Mud:
Mood encompasses emotional states that can fluctuate due to various factors, including external stressors like the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and adolescents may experience mood swings more profoundly in the face of isolation and uncertainty, necessitating understanding and interventions to promote emotional stability.

25) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the exchange of ideas, vital for mental health awareness and intervention strategies. During the pandemic, open discussions about mental health challenges faced by children and adolescents have been essential in facilitating understanding, support systems, and community awareness regarding psychological impacts.

26) Meditation:
Meditation is a practice aimed at fostering mindfulness and relaxation. During stressful periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic, meditation can provide valuable mental health benefits for children and adolescents, offering coping techniques that help manage anxiety and promote emotional resilience.

27) Suffering:
Suffering signifies the adverse effects of distress and pain on individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a source of suffering for many children, resulting in mental health challenges. Understanding the nuances of their suffering can help inform appropriate support measures for recovery.

28) Substance:
Substance refers to materials consumed for psychological effects, such as drugs or alcohol. During the pandemic, the rise in substance use among youths has been concerning, often as a maladaptive coping mechanism. Addressing these issues through prevention programs and mental health support is critical.

29) Listening:
Listening is an active process that promotes empathy and understanding. During the pandemic, listening to children's concerns about their mental health and experiences has been crucial for fostering supportive environments and addressing their unique needs during times of distress.

30) Painting:
Painting is a form of creative expression that can serve therapeutic purposes. Engaging children in painting and other artistic activities during stressful periods like the COVID-19 pandemic can promote emotional expression and mental well-being, highlighting the importance of creative outlets in recovery.

31) Epidemic:
Epidemic refers to the rapid spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, which has significantly impacted society. Beyond physical health, epidemics like this can instigate widespread psychological effects, necessitating comprehensive mental health strategies to support vulnerable populations, especially children and adolescents.

32) Activity:
Activity encompasses various actions and engagements that contribute to physical and mental health. During the pandemic, physical and social activity limitations have highlighted disparities in well-being among children. Encouraging safe and structured activities is essential for promoting mental resilience and reducing isolation effects.

33) Training:
Training involves acquiring new skills or knowledge, which can be crucial during challenging times. For mental health support, training for parents and educators on recognizing children's needs during the COVID-19 pandemic can significantly enhance the effectiveness of interventions and foster supportive environments.

34) Meeting:
Meeting refers to gatherings for communication or planning. During the pandemic, virtual meetings have become important for educational institutions and mental health professionals to discuss strategies to support children’s mental well-being. Facilitation of these meetings fosters community awareness and resource-sharing.

35) Nature:
Nature signifies the intrinsic qualities and environment affecting mental health. The pandemic has disrupted natural interactions and play, affecting children's psychological well-being. Understanding and integrating natural elements into recovery strategies can aid in restoring a sense of normalcy and promote mental balance.

36) Yoga:
Yoga is an integrated practice combining physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. During the pandemic, yoga has emerged as a beneficial tool for promoting mental well-being among children and adolescents, providing methods for stress relief and emotional regulation.

37) Food:
Food is essential for physical health and plays a crucial role in psychological well-being. During the pandemic, access to nutritious food has been inconsistent for many families, impacting children's health and mood. Addressing food security is an integral part of promoting overall mental health.

38) Line:
Line may represent boundaries, definitions or guidelines associated with mental health impacts during crises. Recognizing the boundaries of psychological distress can help allocate appropriate resources and support to children and adolescents experiencing challenges during events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘A short review on covid 19 and child psyche’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Mental health, Remedial measure, Psychological effect, Socioeconomic status, Sleep disturbance, Domestic violence, Psychological Counseling, Behavioral pattern, COVID-19 Pandemic, Anxiety and depression, Mental illness, Substance abuse, Developmental needs, Psychological intervention, Drug abuse.

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